Open-charm and J/ψ production at the ALICE experiment
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1 Open-charm and J/ψ production at the ALICE experiment Pietro Cortese Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Alessandria, Italy on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 1
2 Outline Open-charm in p-p collisions D meson reconstruction in ALICE central barrel D 0 and D + production measurement Single muons and single electrons J/ψ in p-p First results: J/ + - and J/ e + e - in p-p collisions i at 7 TeV Perspectives for Pb-Pb Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 2
3 The ALICE experiment ALICE is the dedicated di d heavy-ion experiment at the LHC Pb-Pb collisions: main focus of the experiment QGP studies p-p collisions: i important aspect of the physics program reference for heavy-ion collision studies p-p physics Central barrel ( <0.9) Tracking: ITS,TPC,TRD, PID: ITS,TPC,TRD, TOF,EMCAL,PHOS Trigger: ITS, TOF, TRD Muon spectrometer (-4< <-2.5) Tracking: 10 CPC planes Trigger: 4 RPC planes Event characterization: V0, T0, FMD, ZDC 3
4 Charm in pp at LHC Important test of pqcd in a new energy domain (3.5 s TEVATRON ) c production on the upper edge of prediction, at Tevatron and RHIC Ultimately, ALICE aims at measuring charm production below p T ~1 GeV/c Probe gluon PDF down to xbjorken ~ 10-4 Does the factorization approach still hold? Gluon saturation? Reference for heavy quark quenching studies in Pb-Pb CDF, 1.96 TeV, D * PHENIX, STAR, 0.2 TeV, c,b e+x CDF, PRL91 (2003) FONLL: Cacciari, Nason GM-VFNS: Knihel et al. Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 4
5 D meson reconstruction in ALICE Main selection: displaced-vertex topology Example: D 0 K - + good pointing of reconstructed D momentum to the primary vertex pair of opposite-charge tracks with large impact parameters K ID in TPC+TOF helps in rejecting background at low p t TPC TOF Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 5
6 Signals: D 0 K events 1-12 GeV in 7 bins Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 6
7 10 8 events; 2-12 GeV in 6 bins Signals: D + K - Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 7
8 Corrections for D cross sections Corrections: 1) efficiency i 1% 10% from low to D 0 D + high p t factor 2 larger for B feeddown D mesons Corrections: 2) feed-down B D: ~20-25% for now, subtract using FONLL B D predictions FONLL describes well B production at Tev and LHC with full 2010 statistics will be corrected based on data (D displacement to vertex, à la CDF) Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 8
9 D0 and D+ d /dpt, y <0.5, pp 7 TeV 2 < pt < 10 GeV/c, with 1.4 nb-1 (~20% of 2010 statistics) Total systematic error 20-40% 20 40% pt-dep. dep + 10% on normalization pqcd predictions (FONLL and GM-VFNS) compatible with our data Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 9
10 Coming soon: D *+ D* + D GeV/c Soft pion reconstruction down to 100 MeV/c using ITS as standalone tracker Evaluation of systematics ongoing Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 10
11 D *+ dn/dp t and D ratios Only statistical errors Shape compares well with pqcd (FONLL) ee, H1, ZEUS: JHEP07 (2007) 074 CDF: PRL 91 (2003) Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 11
12 Other ongoing analyses: D 0 K D0 K - + below 1 GeV/c + c+ pk - + D s+ K - K + + (c = 60 m) /K/p p ID crucial here! Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 12
13 Heavy flavour in the muon spectrometer In p-p collisions charm and beauty decays are the main source of single muons with p T >2 GeV/c in -4<η<-2.5 Monte-Carlo Analysis chain: Remove beam-gas (global event selection) Remove punch-through hadrons and low-p T secondary yµ muon trigger Remove background decay µ models and MC (present), exploit correlation with vertex displacement Correct for acceptance/efficiency Estimate the cross-section Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 13
14 Single muons from HF decays Conservative systematics pqcd calculations are in agreement with data within the systematic errors the shape of the distribution is well reproduced Analysis on the full statistics will improve the pt reach data-driven methods will improve the background subtraction (expecially important at low-p T ) Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 14
15 Coming soon: electrons from HF decays After TOF cut Electron ID with TOF time and TPC de/dx cut (TRD and EMCAL will join soon) Contamination from <1% to 15% at 4 GeV/c Inclusive electron spectrum compared with cocktail of sources (conversion electrons from π 0 decays are derived from data) HF signal above the electron cocktail Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 15
16 Quarkonium measurement in ALICE Quarkonium in ALICE can be measured in two ways: in the central barrel in the e + e - channel ( y <0.9) in the forward spectrometer in the + - channel (2.5<y<4) 3 sources of J/ 1) Direct production 2) Feed down from heavier cc states Prompt J/ radiative decay c J/ in the central barrel 3) J/ from b-hadron decay can be identified d in the central barrel, good impact parameter resolution ( r < 60 m for p T >1 GeV/c) forward detection more difficult 3-muon events B cross section from single- Semileptonic decays of B pairs Preliminary ALICE results refer to inclusive J/ production 16
17 J/ + - : s=7 TeV sample Data sample: Integrated luminosity = 13.6 nb -1, corresponding to data collected between May and July 2010 (~ 10-15% of the 2010 total t statistics) ti ti Trigger: muon in the forward spectrometer, in coincidence with minimum bias interaction trigger Run Selection: Runs selected according to quality checks on the stability of the muon spectrometer tracking and trigger performances Event Selection: at least one vertex reconstructed in the silicon pixel detector at least one muon reconstructed in the tracking and trigger chambers satisfying the trigger algorithm cut on the track position at the end of the front absorber (2 0 < abs <9 0 ) rapidity window: 2.5<y<4 transverse momentum window 0<p T <8 GeV/c (statistics) 17
18 J/ + - : signal extraction The number of J/ is extracted from a fit to the invariant mass spectrum, using Crystal Ball shape for the signal (J/ and ) Sum of ftwo exponentials for the background The available J/ statistics, used for the cross section determination is N J/ = 1909 ± 78 J/ S/B (2.9<M<3.3) ~ 2.4 With a suitable p T cut (smaller background), also the (2S) signal is visible, but with a much lower statistical significance 18
19 J/ + - : acceptance efficiency Inputs: realistic y and p T J/ distributions detector status and efficiency p T CDF extrapolation y CEM calculation Study of differential distributions: 1D acceptance correction Main source of uncertainty: unknown J/ψ polarization Good coverage down to p T =0! Polarization in Helicity reference frame 19
20 J/ e + e - : s=7 TeV sample and signal extraction Analysis is based, for the moment, on a smaller data sample wrt to J/ + - L=4.0 nb -1 (~15% of 2010 stat.) Track selection: e+,e- <0.88 and y J/ <0.88 p e+,e- T > 1 GeV/c TPC-based PID N J/ =
21 Integrated cross section(s) The ALICE results, integrated p T, are: J/ψ (-0.88<y<0.88)= (stat) 2.32(syst) (syst. pol) μb J/ψ (2.5<y<4)= (stat) 0.98(syst) (syst. pol) μb (polarization-related errors calculated in the helicity frame) Very good agreement with the corresponding LHCb result obtained at forward rapidity (ICHEP2010) Main sources of systematic errors are: Unknown polarization Luminosity determination In the dielectron channel: track quality cuts and PID In the dimuon channel: signal extraction and trigger efficiency 21
22 Differential cross section: d J/ /dp T (2.5<y<4) (ICHEP 2010) (stat errors only) Very ygood agreement with the LHCb result in the same rapidity range Other sources of point to point systematic errors (signal extraction, acceptance input) vary between 3 and 10% (not yet fully evaluated) 22
23 Differential cross section: d J/ /dy (p T >0) ALICE can measure the distribution tion of the inclusive J/ production in a wide rapidity range coverage reaches zero p T at both central and forward rapidities 23
24 Preliminary comparison(s) Model calculations: R.Vogt, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010) J.P. Lansberg, arxiv: CMS: p T -integrated cross section 1.6<y<2.4 from (arxiv: ) ATLAS: d /dy 1.5<y<2.25, ATLAS-CONF LHCb: d /dy 2.5<y<4 from LHCb-CONF
25 s-dependence of inclusive J/ NLO calculation for cc by Mangano et al., normalized to the CDF point Same s-dependence for the inclusive J/ cross section 25
26 November 2010: moving from p-p topb-pb Higher occupancy with respect to Pb-Pb Re-tuning of reconstruction parameters 26
27 First J/ signal from Pb-Pb collisions Expected final statistics for Pb run O(10 3 ) Extract R AA in (some) centrality bins 27
28 Prospects for Pb-Pb Detector perfoms well! ~ 45 M Pb-Pb inelastic events on tape (~6 b -1 ) ~ 45Min010% % most central Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 28
29 Summary on Open-Charm D 0 and D + meson cross section at mid-y measured in 2-10 GeV/c pqcd predictions agree with data Ongoing: increase statistics o extend to lower and higher p t B-feed-down from data will allow to reduce systematics ti Coming soon: D* + D* +, other D 0 channel, D s, c Single electrons Will serve as a reference for Pb-Pb studies Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 29
30 On Quarkonia ALICE has measured inclusive J/ production Over a wide rapidity range (-0.88<y<0.88, 2.5<y<4) With good coverage down to p T =0 Next steps, in the dimuon channel, with higher statistics: Extend the analysis to (2S) and to bottomonium states Integrated and differential J/ polarization study Pb-Pb run completed J/ signal observed Next step: nuclear modification factor vs centrality 30
31 D backup slides Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 31
32 Trigger & Data sample, pp 7 TeV Minimum i bias, based on interaction ti trigger: SPD or V0-A or V0-C o at least one charged particle in 8 units o ~95% of inel read out all ALICE single-muon trigger: forward muon in coincidence with Min Bias read out MUON, SPD, V0, FMD, ZDC Both activated in coincidence with the BPTX beam pickups Since March 31 st 2010, collected ~ minimum bias triggers ~ muon triggers Results presented today based on ~10 8 minimum bias triggers Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 32
33 Charm reconstruction in the ALICE barrel, <0.9 <0.9 TOF (PID) K TPC (tracking, PID de/dx) D 0 K D + K D* D 0 D s KK D 0 K c Kp ITS (tracking & vertexing) Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 33
34 D meson reconstruction in ALICE Main selection: displaced-vertex d topology Tracking and vertexing precision is crucial here Inner Tracking System (ITS) was aligned using cosmics and collisions current resolution for pixels: 14 m (nominal: 11 m) The inner pixel layer r impact parameter resolution of 75 m at1 GeV/c particle-mass dependence well understood proton kaon pion Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 34
35 From signals to cross sections Corrections: 1) efficiency i 2) feed-down d B D then, normalization to cross section, using MB from VdM scan Detector response well described in MC D 0 : mass resolution cut variables D + : Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 35
36 FONLL vs. data, beauty production 2-7 TeV CDF, B CMS, arxiv: FONLL, MC@NLO: Cacciari, i Frixione, i Mangano, Nason and Ridolfi, JHEP0407 (2004) 033 Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 37
37 D 0 and D + dn/dp t Only statistical errors Shape compares well with pqcd (FONLL) Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 38
38 d dp t y 0.5 D mesons: from signals to cross y(p t ) 1 B.R. 1 c f c (p t ) sections s N raw D (p t ) y y( pt ) p t ( CINT1B / V 0AND ) N CINT1B V 0AND Corrections: feed-down B D: ~15-20% main method ( Nb-subtraction ): FONLL input is only the DfromB cross section f ) N D ( N D ( N DfromB c (p t raw( p t ) y y( pt ) raw( p t ) y y( pt ) FONLL ( p t ) y y( pt ) N DfromB FONLL (p t ) DfromB y y( pt ) FONLL (pt) DfromB y p t 2 BR L int where: second method ( prompt fraction fc ): FONLL input is the ratio of prompt to total D meson cross sections use the total envelope of the error bands (from FONLL) of two methods as a systematic error Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 39
39 J/ψ backup slides Purdue University, Jan. 6, 2011 Pietro Cortese 41
40 J/ e + e - : acceptance efficiency efficiency cceptance Ac Also in the electron channel, very good coverage down to p T =0 42
41 Systematic errors Muons Source of systematic error Uncertainty on signal extraction 7.5 % p T and y shapes in the MC 2% Trigger efficiency 4% Tracking efficiency 2% Normalization 10 % polarization =-1 =1 Helicity -21% +12% Collins-Soper -31% +15% Total systematic error 13.5 % Electrons Source of systematic error Kinematics <1% Track quality,#clusters TPC 10% PID cuts 10% Signal extraction range 4% polarization =-1 =1 Helicity -20% +10% Collins-Soper -25% +12% Normalization 10 % Total systematic error 18 % 43
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