Département AUTOMATIQUE

Transcription

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2 Bombardier Toyota Railway industry employees 1 st European region for railway 4 International manufacturers leaders 1 Billion euros sales revenue LAMIH Alstom MCA Automobile industry employees 1 st French region for car industry 3 Cars Manufacturers Vehicles 7 production plants Logistics employees 3 rd French region for logistics 1 st French harbor platform (Boulogne, Calais, Dunkerque) PSA 1

3 PROBLEM Rear face 2

4 - Flow configuration PROBLEM F D = S w Pt Pt sw dσ ρv 2 S w 2 V z 2 2 V + V z 2 V dσ 1 2 ρv 2 S w 1 V x V 2 dσ 3 3

5 - Methods of flow control Passive control (Small variation in the geometric configuration) Limitations of design requirements Active control (Injection of momentum) C_AIR LOUNGE 4 4

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7 Characteristics: Closed-loop wind tunnel Max. velocity 60m/s (200km/h) Optimal test section: 2m x 2m, length 10m 5 5

8 Square back ahmed body h = 0.135m w = 0.170m l = 0.370m r = 0.05m g = m U = 10m/s Re h = 9x

9 PIV PIV domain 3.7h x 1.8h 2000 double frame pictures 7Hz repetition rate Interrogation window 16x16pixels 2 50% overlapping 7 7

10 6 Jet velocity V j Steady jet velocity V j0 = 16m/s 8 8

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12 Instantaneous flow field #265 - Velocity field - Unforced shear-layer vortex Time average cross-stream velocity - Streamlines - Foward flow probability 50% - Recirculation length L r 9 9

13 Present study g = 0.035m Re h = 9 x10 4 Li et al. (2017) g = 0.05m Re h = 3 x10 5 Eulalie (2015) g = m Re h = 4 x

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15 - Active flow control Open-loop control Actuation b(t) Experimental plant Sensor s t = F d (t) 11 11

16 Control law b t = V j0 U Experimental plant P(t) F d (t) Sensors 12 12

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19 Control law b t = sq(f DC) U Experimental plant P(t) f St A = f a h/u F d (t) Sensors 14 14

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21 St 0 =

22 St 0 =

23 St 0 =

24 St 0 =

25 St 0 =

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27 - Active flow control Open-loop control Actuation b(t) Experimental plant Sensor s t = F d (t) Closed-loop control Actuation b(t) Experimental plant Controller Sensor s t = F d (t) ref s 17 17

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29 Feingesicht et al. (2017) Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control Actuation b(t) Experimental plant sdépartement t = f s, t + gautomatique s, t. b(t) Sensor s t = F d (t) Controller ref s Feingesicht et al. (2017) Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control 19 19

30 Control law b t = 1 if σ t σ < 0 0 if σ t σ > 0 U Experimental plant P(t) F d (t) Sensors S = F d 20 20

31 Choose s Reaching phase Sliding phase Wait for s(t) to arrive to s* Keep s(t) at s* 21 21

32 Control law b t = 1 if σ t σ < 0 0 if σ t σ > 0 U Experimental plant P(t) F d (t) Sensors S = F d 22 22

33 Feingesicht et al. (2017) Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control Choose s Reaching phase Sliding phase Wait for s(t) to arrive to s* Keep s(t) at s* Reaching phase Sliding phase s t = f s, t + g s, t. b(t) 23 23

34 s t = αs(t) + βb(t) σ = s(t) b t = 1 if σ t σ < 0 0 if σ t σ > 0 s t = f s, t + g s, t. b(t) s t = αs(t) + βb(t) 24 24

35 s t = αs(t) + βb(t h) σ = s(t) b t = 1 if σ t σ < 0 0 if σ t σ > 0 s t = f s, t + g s, t. b(t) s t = αs(t) + βb(t) 25 25

36 s t = αs(t) + βb(t h) σ = s t + β t t h b p dp b t = 1 if σ t σ < 0 0 if σ t σ > 0 s t = f s, t + g s, t. b(t) s t = αs(t) + βb(t) 26 26

37 Identification Sensor with delay Sensor without delay s t = α 1 s t h α 2 s t + (β γs t h + γ t τ )b(t h) FIT % = 1 S exp S sim L2 x 100% = 53% S exp S exp L2 α 1 = α 2 = β = 1.97 γ = 1.92 τ = 0.18 h = 0.01 Feingesicht et al. (2017) Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control 27 27

38 Sliding mode control 1 if σ t σ < 0 b t = s t = αs(t) + βb(t h) 0 if σ t σ > 0 σ = s t + γ t t τ+h s p dp + t t h α 1 s p + (β γs p + γs p τ + h b(p))dp 28 28

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41 Sliding mode for Drift and Lift Andrey Polyakov, Jean-Pierre Richard, Maxime Feingesicht & Franc Kerherve Active flow control strategies LAMIH Automatic department (ARI project) Ahmed body (SISO MLC) Drag reduction Ruiying Li, Eurika Kaiser & Bernd Noack, CROM Eurika Kaiser & Bernd Noack, Real car active flow control 31 30

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