The Deuteron Polarized Tensor Structure Function b 1 PAC 40 Defense
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1 The Deuteron Polarized Tensor Structure Function b 1 PAC 40 Defense PR Spokespeople J.-P. Chen, N. Kalantarians, D. Keller, E. Long, O. A. Rondon, K. Slifer, P. Solvignon
2 b 1 Collaboration K. Allada, A. Camsonne, J.-P. Chen, A. Deur, D. Gaskell, M. Jones, C. Keith, J. Piece, P. Solvignon, S. Wood, J. Zhang Jefferson Lab O. Rondon Aramayo, D. Crabb, D. B. Day, C. Hanretty, D. Keller, R. Lindgren, S. Liuti, B. Norum, ZhihongYe, X. Zheng University of Virginia T. Badman, J. Calarco, J. Dawson, S. Phillips, E. Long, K. Slifer, R. Zielinski University of New Hampshire W. Bertozzi, S. Gilad, J. Huang, A. Kelleher, V. Sulkosky MIT N. Kalantarians Hampton University J. Dunne, D. Dutta Mississippi State University R. Gilman Rutgers H. P.Cheng, H. J. Lu, X. H. Yan Huangshan University B. T. Hu, Y. Zhang Lanzhou University G. Ron Hebrew University of Jerusalem K. Adhikari Old Dominion University Seonho Choi, Hoyoung Kang, Hyekoo Kang, Yoomin Oh Seoul National University Y. X. Ye, P. J. Zhu University of Science and Technology of China Abdellah Ahmidouch North Carolina A&T State University 2 Caroline Riedl DESY
3 Deuteron n Spin-1 System Simple testing ground for nuclear and particle physics Reasonably easy to polarize p 3
4 Deuteron n Spin-1 System Simple testing ground for nuclear and particle physics Reasonably easy to polarize Spatial distribution depends on the spin state p 4 m=0 m=±1
5 Spin-1 System Spin-1 in B-field leads to three Zeeman sublevels m= m=0 m=-1 z Vector Polarization P z : (n + - n - ) (-1 < P z < +1) Tensor Polarization P zz : (n + - n 0 ) (n 0 -n - ) (-2 < P zz < +1) 5 Normalization (n + + n - + n 0 ) = 1
6 Inclusive Scattering from Deuteron e e' g* Construct the most general Tensor W consistent with Lorentz and gauge invariance D W Frankfurt and Strickman (1983) Hoodbhoy, Jaffe, Manohar (1989) 6
7 Inclusive Scattering from Deuteron e e' g* Construct the most general Tensor W consistent with Lorentz and gauge invariance D W Frankfurt and Strickman (1983) Hoodbhoy, Jaffe, Manohar (1989) Unpolarized Scattering 7
8 Inclusive Scattering from Deuteron e e' g* Construct the most general Tensor W consistent with Lorentz and gauge invariance D W Frankfurt and Strickman (1983) Hoodbhoy, Jaffe, Manohar (1989) Doubly-Polarized Scattering 8
9 Inclusive Scattering from Deuteron e e' g* Construct the most general Tensor W consistent with Lorentz and gauge invariance D W Frankfurt and Strickman (1983) Hoodbhoy, Jaffe, Manohar (1989) Unpolarized Beam & Polarized Target 9
10 b 1 Structure Function Focus on b 1 in this experiment: Leading Twist Simplest to access experimentally Probe the tensor polarization of the sea quarks Signature of exotic effects in nuclei i.e. deviation of proton and neutron from simple system of two bound nucleons 10
11 11 b 1 Structure Function
12 b 1 Structure Function q 0 : Probability to scatter from a quark (any flavor) carrying momentum fraction x while the deuteron is in state m=0 q 1 : Probability to scatter from a quark (any flavor) carrying momentum fraction x while the deuteron is in state m =1-12
13 b 1 Structure Function q 0 : Probability to scatter from a quark (any flavor) carrying momentum fraction x while the deuteron is in state m=0 q 1 : Probability to scatter from a quark (any flavor) carrying momentum fraction x while the deuteron is in state m =1 - Nice mix of nuclear and quark physics Measured in DIS (so probing quarks), but depends solely on the deuteron spin state 13 Investigate nuclear effects at the level of partons!
14 b 1 Structure Function b1 vanishes in the absence of nuclear effects i.e. if... Deuteron = n + p Proton Neutron in relative S-state Even accounting for D-state admixture, b1 is expected to be vanishingly small Khan & Hoodbhoy, PRC 44,1219 (1991) : b 1 O(10-4 ) Relativistic convolution model with binding 14 Umnikov, PLB 391, 177 (1997) : b 1 O(10-3 ) Relativistic convolution with Bethe-Salpeter formalism
15 It is a unique opportunity at JLab to develop this new field of spin physics. S. Kumano (KEK) I m glad to hear that b1 is not forgotten in all the excitement about other spin dependent effects. Robert Jaffe (MIT) I am particularly interested in signatures of novel QCD effects in the deuteron. The tensor charge could be sensitive to hidden color (non-nucleonic) degrees of freedom at large x. It is also interesting that antishadowing in DIS in nuclei is not universal but depends on the quark flavor and spin. One can use counting rules from PQCD to predict the x 1 dependence of the tensor structure function. Stanley Brodsky (SLAC) I am certainly interested in the experimental development to find the novel QCD phenomena from the hidden color component of deuteron. Chueng-Ryong Ji (NCSU) Surely this is of real interest the spin community! Leonard Gamberg (Penn State Berks) I find the proposal well written, well justified, sound, and exciting. Alessandro Bacchetta (Universita di Pavia) 15 It is certainly an interesting quantity, precisely because it vanishes in the independent nucleon picture of the deuteron. Elliot Leader (Imperial College of London)
16 World Data
17 First Data from HERMES GeV Positrons Internal Gas Target ~Pure tensor polarization with little vector component 0.01 < <x> < < <Q 2 > < 5 GeV 2
18 First Data from HERMES 18 PRL 95, (2005)
19 First Data from HERMES Kumano fit to the data Requires tensorpolarized sea for best fit 19
20 First Data from HERMES All conventional models predict small or vanishing values of b 1 in contrast with the HERMES data 20
21 Close-Kumano Sum Rule Satisfied for an unpolarized sea Deviations from zero: Good signature of exotic effects in the deuteron wave function Khan & Hoodbhoy, PRC 44, 1219 (1991) Relativistic convolution model with binding: HERMES Result σ difference from zero
22 Jefferson Lab Experimental Set-up
23 JLab Unpolarized Beam Polarized beam will be spin-averaged to isolate b 1 UVa/JLab Polarized Target Longitudinal field 23
24 JLab Unpolarized Beam Polarized beam will be spin-averaged to isolate b 1 UVa/JLab Polarized Target Longitudinal field Ratio Method 24
25 Hall C Configuration I beam = 115 na 25
26 Hall C Beamline Slow Raster FZ2 on Movable stand SHMS Helium Bag FZ1 Poltarg HMS Similar configuration as SANE but expect less deviation of the beam Downstream helium bag Chicane will be standard part of the 12 GeV beamline 26
27 Polarized Target Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of ND 3 5 Tesla at 1 K SLAC, G En (1&2), RSS, SANE, g2p 3cm Target Length p f ~ 0.65 f dil ~ 0.27 Without hole-burning, P zz ~20% With hole-burning, P zz ~30+% Figure courtesy of C. Keith 27
28 Polarization Without Hole-Burning UVA has achieved vector polarization > 50% Polarization measured using line shape fitting Vector polarization from NMR signal Determine tensor polarization from vector polarization With development, we expect to achieve P zz ~ 20% 28
29 Polarization With Hole-Burning Other Method 29
30 30 Kinematics
31 31 Kinematics
32 HERMES Kinematics Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 Logarithmic Scale 32 x
33 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < 7 33 x
34 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 9 34 x
35 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < x
36 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 36 x
37 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 37 x
38 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 38 x
39 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 39 x
40 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 40 x
41 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < x
42 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < x
43 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < x
44 44 Q 2 (GeV/c) 2 HERMES Kinematics x Approximate 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 18 This experiment 0.09 < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < < x < < Q 2 < 4.3
45 Projected Results Assuming P zz =20% 45
46 Projected Results Assuming P zz =30% 46
47 Summary All conventional models predict b 1 ~0 at moderate x Large, non-zero values of b 1 in this region would serve as clean signatures of exotic effects in nuclei First data showed intriguing behavior, but are only ~2σ from zero HMS/SHMS from Hall C 47
48 Summary All conventional models predict b 1 ~0 at moderate x Large, non-zero values of b 1 in this region would serve as clean signatures of exotic effects in nuclei First data showed intriguing behavior, but are only ~2σ from zero HMS/SHMS from Hall C Novel type of experiment at Jefferson Lab With 30 days of beam-time we can perform a very precise measurement of b 1 for 0.1 < x < 0.6 with much smaller kinematic binning than HERMES 2.7σ for P zz =20%, 3.6σ for P zz =30% at x=
49 49
50 Back-Ups
51 51 Systematic Uncertainties
52 Projected Results Assuming P zz =20% 52
53 Projected Results Assuming P zz =30% 53
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