Research Article Balancing Energy Consumption in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

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1 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Vou 23, Art ID 34732, 4 ps ttp://x.o.or/.55/23/34732 Rsr Art B Ery Cosupto Custr Wrss Ssor Ntworks Toy Duroq, Më Husp, 2 Nt Mtto IrL-NorEurop,5965Vuv Asq,Fr 2 Uvrsté L, Vuv Asq Cx, Fr Corrspo sou rss to Më Husp;.usp@.r Rv 29 Auust 23; Apt 7 Sptr 23 A Etors: M. Ekströ B. Tv Copyrt 23 Toy Duroq t. Ts s op ss rt strut ur t Crtv Coos Attruto Ls, w prts urstrt us, struto, rprouto y u, prov t or work s propry t. Custr wrss ssor tworks s t wy to strutur orz t twork. It s t ty sust o os wt t twork t to r (.., ustr ). T r os r o sp to tsks k tr t ro os ts ustr s t us or r outo to sk. As osqu, ustr xusts ts ttry or quky t rur os. I ts ppr, w prst our vrts o BLAC, ov ttry v wr ustr y o ss. BLAC osrs t ttry v o wt otr tr to t t ustr-. T ustr- ro s tk trty y o to ry osupto. Du to t o tur o t orts, kp t twork st s sr. BLAC s t xz t t wt os v to stsy t ppto rqurts. Suto rsuts sow tt BLAC provs t u twork t tr ts or t t trto ustr ss y ry osupto ovr os st vrs t rto.. Itrouto Mutop wrss ssor tworks (MWNs) osst o sts o o wrss os wtout support o y prxst x rstrutur. Su r s wrss ssor tworks or rt ppto prsptvs. Wrss ssors r ot ty vs wt rwr ostrts (ow ory stor, ow oputto rsours) tt ry o ttry. Ssor tworks tus rqur ry-t orts to k t work propry wy tt suts tr rwr turs ppto rqurts. I ts ppr, w ous o v ppto y t ANR BTtTks (ttp://tttk.r.r) projt. T projt s to s t ot ry o wst ru ts ost trou t us o wrss ssors p o usts. Dusts r so qupp wt GPRS ps or o r outos. I ts ppr, our o s to propos ov ustr ort or wrss ssor tworks w ssor o ss ts t to ts ustr (potty trou Mutop pts) s o t otxt o t BTtTks projt. I ts otxt, ustr s ot t ro ssors tr ustr s t trou tr GPRS k. S tvt t GPRS osus or ry t pr-to-pr outos (s sow T, Sto 6), o sou tk t ustr ro tur orr to ow t twork to oprto s o s poss wtout too u outo ovr strutur otos. Dt rto s pror t vry op towrs t ustr. T ustr s sou so prov oo tr-o tw t ur o ustrs (t or ustrs, t or GPRS tvtos) t sz o t ustr rus (t r rus, t or pr-to-pr outos to r t ustr ). Ttworkstostsosposswtouty o. Ery sou quy strut ovr os ow os to ru out o ry t t s t. I ts ppr, w rss ts ssu prst ov ttry v wr ustr y o ss BLAC. To t st o our kow, BLAC s t vry rst strut ustr ort prov oovrpp Mutopustrswtryors.Soutosrottrtur y propos ustr ss tt tr o ot ry osupto ovr os or prov osut

2 2 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Prtr Propto CC242 CC242 Rx CC242 Tx CC242 t rt GPRS GPRS Rx/Tx GPRS Tx t rt Bttry pty Ho t T : Suto prtr. Vu Frsp CSMA-CA.77 W W 3.32 W 25 kt/s 6.4 W.25 W 26.8 kt/s 32 W 48 t + 24 t/or ustrs or our ppto (ovrpp or o-op ustrs). BLAC osrs t ttry v o os o wt otr tr (sty r) to t t ustr. Yt, os tury ros ovr t s o o ry v ut t wy orr to prov stty to t strutur. BLAC os wt our vrts; BLAC os ttry v o r; BLAC-s uss t ttry v o sty. BLAC-r BLAC-rs vrts ru two stps. Ty rst ppy rp ruto or oput t ustrs. As w w suss, o ts vrts prst sp turs tt k t or sut t otrs ur rt otos. Suto rsuts sow tt BLAC xts t o t rst y o up to 3% opr to t trtur works, y ry osupto ovr os ow ttr vry rto. T rst o t ppr s orz s oows. Sto 4 prsts rtv work or ustr o wrss ssor tworks. T otxt t ppto trt y BLAC r trousto 2. Sto 3 trous usu ottos orts ro prvous works or s-ossty purposs. BLAC s sr t Sto 5, suto rsuts r v Sto 6.W y ou Sto Pro Sttt, Cotxt, Motvto Ts ppr s oor t BTtTks projt. T projt s to s t oto ry o wst ru ts ost. I orr to ru t st trv y t r truk to t putos y oprtors, BTtTks s t to usts. Dusts r qupp wt wrss ssors to wrssy out wt otr wt s stto orr to s orto out ust oto, tr v (os ts r to pt?), ury o t ry, qut ott, so o. A ts t r pross y t r truk to yy optz o- t ot pt y oprtors to ru usss putos o pty or rous usts. O sro o t projt s to qup usts wt ot: () wrss ou to ow wrss pr-to-pr outos, (2) GPRS ous or or r outos wt t s stto. S GPRS osus u or powr t pr-to-pr outo p, t s ot ws to us t o os t t. Equpp os wt GPRS p osty trs o rwr susrpto p, ut ottos or to susrpto p r poss. I, t BTtTks s s oows. I orr to ru powr osupto or o, ustr orzto s ru ovr t twork. E o ss ts t to ts ustr. Otrtr, t ustr rts t ss t to s stto or t r truk us ts GPRS ou. By o so, oy t ustr tvts ts GPRS ou rs or ry (y us o t us o GPRS ou). BLAC proposs y ry-t tr-o tw t sz t ur o ustrs. 3. Nottos Prrs BLAC rs o prvous works ro t trtur. For t sk o s-ott rty, ts sto trous otr worksowblacrsrtottos. 3.. Gr Nottos. W o wrss ssor twork s rp G = (V, E), wrv s t st o ssors E s t st o wrss ks uv twprossorsu V w r ro r o otr. W ot tt N(u) s t oroo o o u;tts,n(u) = {{V} uv E} δ(u) = N(u) s t r o o u. I BLAC, ustrs r or trou tr ostruto w o s prt o. W ot P(u) s t prt o o u tsustrtr.wottth(u) s t ustr o t ustr o o u Dsty Mtr. ItworkoMttot.[], ustrs r ut s oows. Evry o u ts ts prt wt ts oroo s t o wt t st sty. I u s t o wt st sty ts oroo, t ts ts s ts prt os ustr. Ts rrokysttowtowsti.iov s or o two ustr s, t vrtss t t ustr wt owst sty ts o V s ts prt. Ts surs tr-op st tw ustr s. T sty ρ s s t rto o t ur o ks tw to ors o u ovr t r o u: (V,w) E V {u, N (u)},w N(u) ρ (u) =. () δ (u) Fur () sows xp o twork o w w oput t sty o os. For o or st, t r δ() s qu to 2 t ur o ks tw ors o s.t,ρ() = (2 + )/2 =.

3 ISRN Ssor Ntworks 3 o(, [, k, j,, ]) o(, []) k j () E o ss o ss to ts ors ot ts I. A so o ss s st wt st o ors; t o kows ts two-op oroo Dsty(,.75) k j () Nos oput tr sty or to orto ty tr; t ty s t to tr ors k.8.75 j () Fy, ty tt to t o wt t st sty tr oroo. Nos wt st sty wt tr oroo o ustr s Fur : Custrs rto Topooy Ruto. Two vrts o BLAC, t BLACr, ru two stps. T rst stp s t oputto o rp ruto tt tks to out t o ry v trou [2]. T rp ruto s pror y ppy rtv oroo rp (RNG) [3]. RNG ossts oy rov vry tr o t rp, y, t o wt t worst tr vu. RNG prsrvs otvty. Autors o [2] trou w tr Powr tor. TPowr tor o k s tr s o t ry v o os t o t k. I ot os r or ttry stt, Powr tor s, oy o o s rt ttry stt, Powr tor s, ot os r rt ttry stt, Powr tor s 2. Mor oo trs or RNG, tt s, t rv s strt tor (RSSI) o s, r us to srt os. Aort srs ow su RNG s oput o rp Fur 2 ustrts t o xp. Not tt ost ks tw two ow ry os r sr ro t rsut rp. For st, t k tw os s rov, s w s t o tw j. T k tw j s kpt us tr s o k tw j or o wt Bttr powr tor t tt tw j. Nos wt v o ry r prrr or outos. 4. Rt Work Rsrrs v propos svr tqus or ustr orto ustr sto. A soutos to ty sust o os wt t twork t to r, tt s, ustr, ut ty o ot t t s o. Frst soutos su s LCA [4] proposybkr Eprs HCC [5] sr y Gr Ts prst sr ustr strutur ut r t tr us.

4 4 ISRN Ssor Ntworks () (2) N RNG (u) N(u); (3) CutPowrFtor(u); (4) {No u oputs PF tor o vry k wt ts oroo.} (5) or V,w N(u) o (6) PF(uV) <PF(Vw) < PF(uw) PF(Vw) < PF(uV) < PF(uw) t (7) N RNG (u) N RNG (u) \ {w}; (8) Lk uw s rov ro RNG. (9) s () PF(uw) < PF(Vw) < PF(uV) PF(Vw) < PF(uw) < PF(uV) t () N RNG (u) N RNG (u) \{V}; (2) {Lk uv s rov ro RNG.} (3) s (4) {Lk Vw w rov ro RNG.} (5) Rtur N RNG (u); Aort : Cut RNG t o u. k j () Nos wt ow ry v r spy or os wt ry v r spy r k j () A ttry v-s RNG s pp rov ks tw ow ry os Fur 2: RNG ostruto. E o ooss ts prt ts oroo su s ts prt tr s r t ts ow o. I o s t st tr vu ts oroo, t os ustr. LCA uss s tr t uqu I o o HCC s t r t t o tr (I)torkts.LCA HCC rt o-op ovrpp ustrs w r qut s. A ustr ossts o ustr ts oop ors. Two ustr s ot ors oustr o os to t st o ustr. S ustrs ovrp ( o y o to svr ustrs), ty r sujt to rto s o s r ot ry wr s ry s ot osr t ustr ostruto. Su orts r tus ot sut to r y tworks. I to, ty o ot v ry ors. WCA [6] osrs utp prtrs k postos, oty, ry. T ort s trz, w ks t ry s. It oputs t st wt su orvpptousststrorrtot ustr s. WCA s o o t rst ustr orts tk to out ry ts ostruto. Nvrtss, t prous o-op ustrs, w rts or ustr s t, us o t rs o tv GPRS, rss t o ry osupto o t twork. Low t. [7] or ustr souto tt zs rsks o wt sturto o twys (ustr s).

5 ISRN Ssor Ntworks 5 D C[8] sr souto to t ry osupto o t twork ustrs to z ry osupto ustrs y posto ustr r t tr o t ustrs. Ts propos vs trst ry prors, ut t s trz t s ot vry s. So works ous o yss or poyt [9, ] r t ot s. I, ts proposs ssu u or, t st, otro poyt o os, t sty xpso o t twork. W soutos v ry ors [2, 3, 9, 6],ty rqur ot strtorwr os turs (k GPS). Ty so rqur ot o otro sss or, t s o [2], r sk. T LEACH [7] protoo osrs ry t t outo o t ustr s. E o os ustr soprprotyp y t ur o xpt ustrs wtr t s ry ustr prvous rous or ot. A o t s ustr v ts r ry s vry ow. Ts o t rpy, ru t twork t trr wustr sto rt tr. T proty p s to tu o-; t t ur o ustr s os ot yy pt t ury topoos. O ustr s r vrts, os tt to t ustr w rqurs t st ry to r, rt oop ustrs. T, vry ustr syrozs t os o to ts ustr ss t t sot w ty w ow to s tr t. Aso us o t wy o ustr s to, tr s proty or os to v o ustr tr oroo. Ts to oss o t tr r too y os ustr or ty v too u t to s. I ts ppr, w ous o strut Mutop oovrpp ry-t ustrs wt o pr sz orr to t t ury twork topooy to r to s topooy s. DDR [8] stys orts [] r strut orts propos Mutop oovrpp ustrs. Ty ru sr ustr ort y r t tr us. DDR [8] uss t r s tr w sty s [] trous w tr sty. Mor ts o ort sty oputto r v Sto 3.2. Dspt t trs o rty, ts two propostos o ot osr ry ostrts. BLAC s tus s o sr ort ut rs t tr us, k t ustr orzto y rr to vouto o ry osupto. Ts ts t twork v s wo s o s poss. Uk soutos ro t trtur, BLAC us y ry-t Mutop ustrs strut wy. Its o s to xt twork t (wr t s osr ut rst o s ru out o ts ry) or ppto otxts s Sto Cotruto I orr to xz t t o t twork, w troublac.blacos4strutovrts tt o ot r s otos w o s ppr.blacstokpsyosvsos poss.trootustr s py y vry o turs orr to t ry osupto ovr os. A vrts us sr ort to tt o sty s [] wt rt trs. To s s s poss to utuz t GPRS us o ustr s, BLAC s to strut. BLAC os t r ry B(u) wt otr tr. W t r ry o o u s B (u) = tt (u), (2) ttp wrttpsttptyotottry (sr or vry o) tt(u) s t urrt ttry v o o u. T, t r powr B(u) s tr tw to t rqut s t tr w wou rsut ost ustr rry. BLAC s our vrts: BLAC- BLAC-s ro o (t Sto 5.), BLAC-r BLACrs ro t otr (t Sto 5.2). 5.. BLAC- Aorts. BLAC- BLAC-s ppy t s ort ut r t tr ty us. W rst t t trs ty us, rsptvy Dr Ery. BLAC or ttry v wr ustr-ttry r s s o o r. Aort 2 s ru ovr os wt (u) = δ(u) (Sto 3.). Ts vrt uss o-op oroo to u t twork, so t stzs quky. Howvr, t ustr strutur ut s sstv to o pprto ur s sow [] s y s s rt pt o ors so o r Dsty Ery. BLAC-s or ttry-v wr ustr-ttry sty uss t sty ρ(u) s sr Sto 3.2. Aort 2 s ru wt (u) = ρ(u). Ts vrt oputs t ustr strutur wt two-op orto, ut t stty s prov us s o s ss pt o ts ors s prov [9] BLAC-. Ottrsoput,BLACrus Aort2 wt (u) tr t r (δ(u)) or BLAC- vrt or t sty (ρ(u)) or BLAC-s, vrt y osr t ttry v joty wt tt tr, ((u) = B(u)). Fur ustrts Aort 2 w rus t o s oows: o ss to ts ors o ss wt ts I (Fur ()). Kow ts oroo, o ss w o ss wt ts I ts ors Is (Fur ()). Wt ts orto, os oput tr sty s t to tr ors(fur ()). Fy os t tr prt (o ts o s ts prt; o ts o, t.) or to t tsvs s ustr ty v t st tr (Fur (): os o ustr s). Not tt ustrs r tus ut trou tr ostruto: ts tt ts

6 6 ISRN Ssor Ntworks () (2) C ; (3) I + ; (4) BLAC r t (5) R(u) RNG(N(u)); (6) (u) = ; (7) s (8) R(u) N(u); (9) (u) = B(u); () or R(u) o () C < () () (C = () () I() < I ) t (2) P(u) ; (3) C () (); (4) I I() (5) (u) (u) > C ((u) (u) = C I(u) > I ) t (6) / uos ustr- / (7) H(u) u; Aort 2: BLAC ort rus t o u k j.33 () Custr s str t otr os, rt os t twork () Atr w, or os r. k j Fur 3: Bttry r: s o sty. tt ts ts s ustr. Ts s tr s t us to rout t towrs ustr s. Att,osvtsttryv so t orts t k sty s or DDR, rsptvy. Bttry strts to r rty o o rr t oroo o t o, ts tvty, wtr t s ustr or ot. For st, Fur (), B() w rs sowr t B(), t w v ts ustr ro to (Fur 4()). Fur 3 sows tt sty-s ustr s w rt os t twork. Frst, os w us ustr s osuorrytrur os (Fur 3()). Atr so rorzto, r t w ustr s ty w y (Fur 3()), v os t twork, os, w v vr ustr s,wtotory. Nvrtss, wt BLAC ort (Fur 4)sto y, os w v tr ustr s ros or trryvrutoow.eryosuptostus ovr os. I tr tur, t w ustr s w v tr ros to, try osupto o t wo twork BLAC-r. Bttry v Awr Custr-RNG Gr (BLAC-r) Bttry v Awr Custr-RNG Sty (BLAC-rs) vrts r vrtos o t rst t so os. T r s tt Aort 2 rus two stps. Bor oput ts tr (r or sty),

7 ISRN Ssor Ntworks k j.7 () Atr ustr s r tr ttrs str t otr os, ustr s ros k j () Custr s tr so t, ry s Fur 4: Bttry r: s o BLAC k j () Atr ustr s r tr ttrs str t otr os, ustr s ros.4 k j.4 () Custr s tr so t, ry s..3 k j () Custr s tr so t, ry s Fur 5: Bttry r: s o BLAC-r..3

8 8 ISRN Ssor Ntworks () os ur vrot () 25 os ur vrot () 25 os rur vrot Fur 6: Ntwork topoos, r ot rprst o. rtv oroo rp [2] s oput orr to kp oy trst sust o os (s 4-5 Aort 2). Tsowsorystorsvtusoss oput pty or t ustr oputto. T ustr ort t rus ovr t ru rp wtout osr t ttry v yor s t s ry tktoouttrutostp((u) = ). Furs 4 5 sow t vouto o ustr struturovrrngorotsoblacvrts.w s tt rst rou t os, s ustr s (Fur 5()). Atr w ustr s os v osu or ry t t otrs to w ostruto o t rp. I Furs 5() 5() w s tt ks tw tw or xps w ow vo. 6. Pror Evuto To vut t prors o t rt vrsos o BLAC, w pror so sutos ur t WSNET sutor (ttp://wst.or.r.r/). W opr our vrts o BLAC to tr os ppros tk ro t trtur. DDR [8] sty-s ustr [] v os us o tr ort proxty to BLAC. LEACH [7] s os or ts ry y or ustr. I orr to osrv rt vors orleach,wostrrprsttvvusort prtr P o t ort: P=5%, P=%, P=2% (P s t vr prt o ustr s t twork). T sus up t suto prtrs. Nos r p us rst ps ro strts o L (ur vrot) outry ros (rur vrot) ort o Fr to osrv t vor o orts t rt sts. Nos r p o strts xt to u rs us OpStrtMp t (ttp:// orr to t rst topoos. Fur6 sows t topoos w us to ru t sutos; r ots rprst os. I orr to us rst o or trstt rv osts ot pr-to-pr GPRS outos, w osr t Txs Istruts CC242 Z- B p (ttp://ous.t.o/t/s/syk/242.p)

9 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Nur o v os 6 4 Nur o v os T (ours) T (ours) () os 25 () 25 os 2 Nur o v os T (ours) DDR Dsty s BLAC- BLAC-s BLAC-r BLAC-rs LEACH 5% LEACH % LEACH 2% () 25 os rur vrot Fur 7: Ntwork t. Dvry rto os 25 os 25 os rur vrot DDR Dsty s BLAC- BLAC-s BLAC-r BLAC-rs LEACH 5% LEACH % LEACH 2% Fur 8: Dt vry rto. t LEON-G GSM/GPRS ou ro u-ox (ttp:// o-s-ou-y.t), rsptvy. T orr o osus.77 W w, W or rv (Rx), 3.32W or trstt (Tx). T ttr o osus 6.4Ww.25Worrv(Rx) ortrstt (Tx). A t tr s so sut. E o rts 6 kt o t proy (vry 5 sos) ss t to ts prt. W o s t o ro,tstorstuttstostsowt tsstrtttotsowprt.for st, Fur (), tro s rt ts ow 6 kt o t, t ss t to w w stor t ut t rts o ts tur 6 kt o t. T, ss 32 kt to wowtortsowttostrt48kt to s stto us t GPRS ro p.

10 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Nur o ustrs Nur o ustrs T (ours) T (ours) () os () 25 os Nur o ustrs T (ours) DDR Dsty s BLAC- BLAC-s BLAC-r BLAC-rs LEACH 5% LEACH % LEACH 2% () 25 os rur vrot Fur 9: Nur o ustrs. At ootstrp, o rs t s ry v st to 32 W o ry, w o ss or rvs pkt,t orrt out o ry(t )s rov ro t ttry p o t sz o t ss t-rtotpstus. 6.. Ntwork Lt. Fur 7 ustrts t ts o our orts rr t twork t. It sows t ur o os v rr t. W ot tt soutos tt o ot osr ttry v su s sty s DDR, ustr s quky. W ustr s r, otr os tk tr ro t ty s w, so o t tr s o r v o. LEACH prors u ttr, prov t t wt o o rty opr to DDR sty-s orts. Nvrtss, ts prors rty p o t ur o ustr s tt v st up. T or ustr s, t or os orwr t (tr s ustr or to ustr ) tus t sortr t. BLAC- ts t xu ur o v os up to 3% or t otr st orts s xpt (s Sto 2). BLAC- BLAC-r prst sty provt opr to BLAC-s BLAC-rs, rsptvy, rr t t s ty kp or os v ur t rs ps. Ts s u to t ovr ur o ustrs ut y vry s. I, BLAC BLAC-r u ss ustrs t tr orrspo vrt tus propos rt tw t ur t sz o ustr s tt pror tt t ttr.

11 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Nur o s (pr o).5..5 Nur o s (pr o) T (ours) T (ours) () os () 25 os.2 Nur o s (pr o) T (ours) DDR Dsty s BLAC- BLAC-s BLAC-r BLAC-rs LEACH 5% LEACH % LEACH 2% () 25 os rur vrot Fur : Ntwork stty. I to, ot tt w ot osr LEACH powr osupto t osts rtv to o syrozto Dvry Rto. Fur 8 spys t vry rto o vry ort wt rrs to t or os 25 os ur vrot 25 os rur vrot. Dvry rto s oput s t out o t rv v y t out o t rt o os. W osrv tt t rt vrts o LEACH os sty or t t BLAC orts rrss o t ur o ustr s. I, LEACH,os wtout ustr ot s t so tr t r ost. Ev w t ur o ustr s rss, so t r st ost us os to sr t u wt otr ostsustrtusyotvtto trst t o t. I to, s tr r or ustr s, os or quky (s Fur 7)s ty s or t, tus, or t r y ost. W t ur o os rss t twork, vry s oss or t xpt DDR sty s (or o ts tr). For BLAC vrts, sty s, DDR, w so trry os, t t ty wr o r ost. For LEACH, tr r or or os ustrtttosrtu,tus,soo ttotstot. W osrv tt DDR sty s oos u or t t otr ss sutos wt os. As pt Fur 9,tur oustr s s vry s t t s t, t os ostty (s Fur 7).

12 2 ISRN Ssor Ntworks Dst to ustr Dst to ustr T (ours) T (ours) () os () 25 os Dst to ustr T (ours) DDR Dsty s BLAC- BLAC-s BLAC-r BLAC-rs LEACH 5% LEACH % LEACH 2% () 25 os rur vrot Fur : Avr trty. As t ur o ustr s s ow, t pt to ustr s s or, o to os sppr; ts rss tprotyorttoostotwysxp prvousy Ntwork Proprts. T ur o ustrs t wo twork o t s ustrt Fur 9. E urv stops w vry o s. It sows tt our ustr ort rts rtvy os ur o ustrs to DDR sty s. LEACH orts prou ur o ustrs os to t prtr st. T ur o ustrs rss wt t ur o v os s xpt. Ts ts t o o- tu o t ur o ustrs, opx tsk osr ppto to poy o troous y twork topoos. Fur oprs t twork stty tw orts y pt t ur o prt s or rou. Prsy, w sur t ur o ts s o s ts prt rr t prvous rou. W s tt orts wt tr ot s o r ttry (DDR, sty s) v or tvty proy. Wt su orts, prt ours t prt o s. W t pps, r or sty t oroo o t o s rstrutur pprs. For BLAC- vrts tt trt ttry v (Sto 5..), s t ttry v s ovr t t, rstrutur ppr v tr r o

13 ISRN Ssor Ntworks 3 os. W t ttry v o ustr rss, o o ts ors t or trst vu o ts tr t t or os ustr v t or ustr s ot. Ts s so t wy to v or t tsk tw os. A t sows tt RNG vrts r os to o-rng vrts o BLAC ow t ty to oos t st o rr ppto s. Fur sows ow r t os r ro tr ustr ur o ops. W osrv orrto tw trty t ur o ustrs. Rr Fur 9, w s tt t pr t ustrs r, t r ty r. Dpr ustrs rsut or ZB outos to r t ustr, ut ty or ttr tr-o trs o o t. 7. Dsusso W v s trou t rsuts yss tt t our vrsos o BLAC r os v BLAC-rs ss to or t st prors trs o quty o srv (vry rto vrsus twork t). T o o t BLAC vrso ust rr t s o t ppto or ustr sz, stty, quty o srv. For st, os r o, BLAC-s s t st o s t ors ttr stty st oty s prov [7]. I t sz o ustrs s ot t ssu o t ppto, k t s o stt os, BLAC-r s t st o or t vry rto. 8. Cousos I ts ppr, w v trou w y o ustr tqus. Two vrts o t ttry v wt t r or t sty s tr or ustr rto. T two otrs ppy ttry v-s RNG ostruto. By opty trt t ttry v t tr us to t ustr s, BLAC s ry osupto ovr os xzs t twork t. T ort s strut otos u to twork ys r oy, ow sty. Rsuts sow tt our proposto provs twork t wt o os up to 3% w s usu or pptos k ours. For utur work, w w xt t oprso o BLAC wt otr orts k WCA [6]. Otr ry os sou so us. W w so ru xprttos r wor us or st SsLAB (ttp:// Ws (ttp:// ptors. Aotr o vstto s r justt. Akowts Ts work s prty support y CPER Nor-Ps-- Cs/FEDER Cpus It At ANR ECOTECH BTtTks. Rrs [] N. Mtto, B. Sro, S. Txu, E. Fury, I. Guér Lssous, S-stzto s-orz wrss utop tworks, A-Ho Ssor Wrss Ntworks,vo.,o.-2, pp. 34, 2. [2] Y. Yo G. B. Gks, Ery-t su or wrss ssor tworks, IEEE Trstos o Coutos,vo.53,o.8,pp ,25. [3] A. A. As M. Yous, A survy o ustr orts or wrss ssor tworks, Coputr Coutos, vo. 3, o. 4-5, pp , 27. [4] D. J. Bkr A. Eprs, T rttur orzto o o ro twork v strut ort, IEEE Trstos o Coutos,vo.29,o.,pp.694 7, 98. [5] M.GrJ.Tzu-CTs, Mutustr,o,ut ro twork, Wrss Ntworks,vo.,o.3,pp , 995. [6]M.Cttrj,S.K.Ds,D.Turut, WCA:wt ustr ort or o o tworks, Custr Coput,vo.5,22. [7] C. P. Low, C. F, J. M. N, Y. H. A, Et Lo- B Custr Aorts or wrss ssor tworks, Coputr Coutos,vo.3,o.4,pp ,28. [8]W.DH.A.C, Custrortto to ru powr osuptos or ooous ssor tworks, Pros o t Itrto Cor o Wrss Coutos, Ntwork Mo Coput (WCOM 7), pp , Sptr 27. [9] T.Su,M.Kruz,S.Vruu, Powrovrt optzto or ustr wrss ssor tworks, Pros o t 6t ACM Itrto Syposu o Mo A Ho Ntwork Coput (MOBIHOC 5), pp. 2, My 25. [] T. Kur J. Bk, A strt poyt ustr-r sto or wrss ssor tworks, IEEE Trstos o Cosur Etros,vo.55,o.4,pp ,29. [] X. M, S. W-r, J. C-j, Z. Y, Ery t ustr ort or xz t o wrss ssor tworks, Itrto Jour o Etros Coutos, vo. 64, o. 4, pp , 2. [2] N. Doks, D. Ktsros, Y. Moopouos, Eryt strut ustr wrss ssor tworks, Jour o Pr Dstrut Coput,vo.7,o.4,pp , 2. [3] O. Yous, M. Kruz, S. Rsur, No ustr wrss ssor tworks: rt vopts poyt s, IEEE Ntwork, vo.2,o.3,pp.2 25, 26. [4] T. Akr, D. Bkso, D. Dov, B. Ho, Et ustr or prov twork pror wrss ssor tworks, Wrss Ssor Ntworks, R. Vro, E., vo. 493 o Ltur Nots Coputr S,pp ,Sprr, Br, Gry, 28. [5] O. Buyjr Y. Kwo, AEEC-Aptv Ery Et Custr ort or ott s wrss ssor tworks, Pros o t 2 Itrto Cor o Coputr S Its Apptos (CSA 9), Dr 29. [6] K. Doyu, W. Yw, L. Ysu, Z. F, D. D- Zu, Costrut u ot ot sts wt

14 4 ISRN Ssor Ntworks ou trs wrss tworks, IEEE Trstos o Pr Dstrut Systs,vo.2,o.2,pp.47 57,29. [7] W. R. Hz, A. Crks, H. Bkrs, Ery-t outo protoo or wrss rossor tworks, Hw Itrto Cor o Syst Ss (HICSS ), 2. [8] N. Nk, H. Lo, C. Bot, DDR-strut y rout ort or o o tworks, Worksop o Mo A Ho Ntwork Coput, 2. [9] N. Mtto, Auto-orsto s résux ss ut-suts à r [P.D. tss], INSA, Lyo, Fr, 26. [2] G. T. Tousst, T rtv ouroo rp o t pr st, Pttr Roto, vo. 2, o. 4, pp , 98.

15 Itrto Jour o Rott Mry Er Jour o T St Wor Jour Itrto Jour o Dstrut Ssor Ntworks Jour o Ssors Jour o Cotro S Er Avs Cv Er Sut your usrpts t Jour o Jour o Etr Coputr Er Roots VLSI Ds Avs OptoEtros Itrto Jour o Nvto Osrvto C Er Atv Pssv Etro Copots Ats Propto Arosp Er Itrto Jour o Itrto Jour o Itrto Jour o Mo & Suto Er Sok Vrto Avs Aousts Vrto