dualism General Problem: What are these two substances and how do they relate?

Transcription

1 Benjamin Stucky

2 dualism matter mind General Problem: What are these two substances and how do they relate?

3 substance dualism interactionism matter mind

4 substance dualism interactionism René Descartes cogito ergo sum Intuition that mind can also affect the body

5 substance dualism interactionism Princess Elisabeth: How do the substances interact?

6 substance dualism occasionalism matter GOD matter mind mind

7 substance dualism occasionalism Al-Ghazali Causality is not observed, only succession of events Laws are gods will

8 substance dualism occasionalism Why does god need two worlds? David Hume: Deus ex Machina Of what substance is god?

9 substance dualism parallelism matter harmony matter mind mind

10 substance dualism parallelism Gottfried Leibniz solve the interaction problem with pre-established harmony

11 substance dualism parallelism Interaction problem shifted to a mysterious harmony needs same causal graphs and complete determinism in order not to diverge -> not parsimonious

12 property dualism epiphenomenalism matter matter mind

13 property dualism epiphenomenalism mental has no causal effect Thomas Henry Huxley matter is causally closed and mind delayed user illusion Tor Nørretranders

14 property dualism epiphenomenalism evolution: no purpose for mind to exists then counter intuitive: pain leads to behaviour we should have no knowledge about mind, because mind should not influence the physical

15 property dualism panpsychism all matter has a first person perspective

16 property dualism Integrated Information Theory Giulio Tononi panpsychism Animism in shamanic traditions predates agricultural revolution consciousness as a property of matter

17 property dualism panpsychism Combination problem William Seager, William James Why atoms should be conscious is as hard of a question as why humans are conscious.

18 physicalism matter General Problems: What is matter and how does consciousness arise from it?

19 physicalism philosophical behaviorism describing observable behaviour Is enough

20 physicalism philosophical behaviorism mental states are tendencies pain = disposition to do something behaviors are phsyical events Ludwig Wittgenstein beetle in a box

21 physicalism philosophical behaviorism Hilary Putman superstoics feeling pain but in a state of paralysis qualia not adressed moorean Shift

22 physicalism token identity token of matter configuration = token of mental state

23 physicalism type identity type matter event = type mental event

24 physicalism token vs type identity bigger and bigger 2 word types : bigger, and 3 word tokens: bigger, and, bigger

25 physicalism identity injury, disease, substances -> alteration of mental function no interaction problem -> simpler

26 physicalism identity K. T. Maslin no one identified an exact location of a thought qualia not accounted for Neuronal chauvinism: silicon based consciousness might be possible

27 physicalism functionalism characterizing mental states in terms of their function

28 physicalism functionalism multiple realizability: it is not important if a fan is made out of plastic or wood only its functional role

29 physicalism functionalism Chinese brain Ned Block each citizen takes the functional role of a neuron, then this nation would have qualia Chinese room John Searle Causal relations are not enough. qualia is not adressed to a degree functionality is always interpretive

30 physicalism eliminative materialism mind is an illusion

31 physicalism eliminative materialism

32 physicalism eliminative materialism Paul Boghossian self-refuting: eliminativists believe that beliefs do not exists claiming to be a zombie is absurd folk psychology (in particular qualia) is not a theory

33 non-reductive physicalism all is matter but mind cannot be reductively explained

34 non-reductive physicalism emergentism mind biology chemistry particles quantum field

35 non-reductive physicalism emergentism Wetness of water emerges emerges emerges emerges emerges emerges emerges emerges emerges Water molecules

36 non-reductive physicalism emergentism are there any true emergent properties, or do we just not understand certain things yet, or do we just have chaotic systems which are highly dependend on initial conditions? comparable to genie arising out of the lamp

37 idealism micro microscopic mental entities form bigger mental organism possibly up to the universe

38 idealism macro macroscoptic mental organism

39 idealism universal only one cosmic mind

40 idealism macro/universal All is in consciousness but not necessarily conscious. Alters are formed in a cosmic mind, where the boundary of this dissociated process gives perceptions. Bernardo Kastrup

41 idealism macro/universal How are there so persistent observations? Why can t we change certain things?

42 neutral monism one substance neither matter nor mind General Problems: What is this substance then? How can matter and mind be explained with this other substance? No proof yet for such a thing.

43 new mysterianism subjective vs objective gap is unsolvable

44 what are your views?

45 my view if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail - Abraham Maslow consciousness is primary Michel Bitbol descriptions are secondary never complete but usefull nontheless