Real-time Gravimetric Personal Monitoring of Respirable Dust QMIHS Conference 16 August 2016

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1 Real-time Gravimetric Personal Monitoring of Respirable Dust QMIHS Conference 16 August 2016

History Respirable Dust Sampling Sampling

standard for sampling today Technology has

2 History Respirable Dust Sampling Sampling methodology largely unchanged since the 1960s Use of pump, cyclone, and filter which is removed from site and weighed 1973 Still the standard for sampling today Technology has advanced all around us, but has lagged in this field 2008

3 Overview Technology Anglo s Approach Future Developments

Technology Gravimetric Sampling 1973 Principles of Operation Governed by AS2985-2009 (originated in 1987) Sample Acquisition and Treatment Condition the filter Pre-weigh filter with five-place

4 Technology Gravimetric Sampling 1973 Principles of Operation Governed by AS (originated in 1987) Sample Acquisition and Treatment Condition the filter Pre-weigh filter with five-place microbalance Collect sample at 2.2 L/min Place sampler or filter in a pre-labelled dust-free container Filters handled only by trained/competent/reliable person Condition the filter Post-weigh sample with five-place microbalance Pros Proven, and is the standard Cons Wait time for results can be days to weeks Potential for contamination of samples (e.g. transport/handling)

Technology Light Scattering Photometry 1973 Principles of Operation Illuminate aerosol passing through a defined volume

deposition Factory calibrated to specific particle properties Readings compared to the mass of the calibrated sample to

$Indicate relative or approximate concentrations Cons Accuracy varies significantly based on agglomeration, refractivity,$

5 Technology Light Scattering Photometry 1973 Principles of Operation Illuminate aerosol passing through a defined volume Detect total light scattered by the particles in the volume Sample Acquisition and Treatment Most sample passively dust deposition Factory calibrated to specific particle properties Readings compared to the mass of the calibrated sample to provide an inferred mass Must calibrate to site-specific coal properties Pros Lightweight, precise, fast, inexpensive Indicate relative or approximate concentrations Cons Accuracy varies significantly based on agglomeration, refractivity, humidity, etc. Not a gravimetric instrument Not compliant with any Australian standard for aerosol sampling golf ø 43 mm 45.9 g ping-pong ø 40 mm 2.7 g

Technology Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 1973 Principles of Operation Samples collected on filter positioned on the end of an oscillating hollow tube Direct relationship between

6 Technology Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 1973 Principles of Operation Samples collected on filter positioned on the end of an oscillating hollow tube Direct relationship between oscillation frequency and mass Sample Acquisition and Treatment Active sampling at 2.2 L/min Cyclone separates coarse particles Direct, gravimetric measurement of respirable dust Pros Precise, accurate, fast Indicate absolute dust concentrations Mandated means of monitoring by MSHA in USA Technology founded on principles within AS3580 Cons No units with AS/NZ Intrinsically Safe certification

decision-making Continuous monitoring for enhanced sampling detail

7 Technology ThermoScientific s PDM3700 TEOM Unit 1973 What Anglo Recognised in the PDM3700 Immediate exposure information for faster decision-making Continuous monitoring for enhanced sampling detail Improved data analysis capabilities Accuracy to give coal mine workers confidence

8 Technology ThermoScientific PDM3700 TEOM Unit 1973 Dust card available after download Output screen on unit

9 Overview Technology Anglo s Approach Future Developments

Anglo s Approach Integration of Units 1973 Introduction First and only units ever purchased in Australia Initially introduced at Moranbah North Mine to prove capability Units for Grasstree and

10 Anglo s Approach Integration of Units 1973 Introduction First and only units ever purchased in Australia Initially introduced at Moranbah North Mine to prove capability Units for Grasstree and Grosvenor purchased in quick succession Currently 12 units in service Implementation Supplement to legislated gravimetric personal sampling regime Launch of site-wide sampling roster Including Secondary Support, Ventilation, Conveyors, Shotcreting, etc. Involvement Coal Mine Workers Positive feedback, requests for data Inspectorate Obtaining buy-in Providing more information with the same accuracy, faster

11 10:37 10:43 10:49 10:55 11:01 11:07 11:13 11:19 11:25 11:31 11:37 11:43 11:49 11:55 12:01 12:07 12:13 12:19 12:25 12:31 12:37 12:43 12:49 12:55 13:01 13:07 13:13 13:19 13:25 13:31 13:37 13:43 13:49 13:55 14:01 14:07 14:13 14:19 14:25 14:31 14:37 14:43 14:49 14:55 15:01 15:07 Respirable Dust Concentration, mg/m3 5 PDM3700 Data vs Shearer Position (Grasstree Mine) Exposure Limit 15 Min Conc Shearer Position How do we Operator s position? benefit from the data? Roof Support Number Operator s role? Exceptional events?

12 Anglo s Approach Benefits /08/2016 Longwall Operator 1.1 mg/m 3 Which is more useful?

13 Anglo s Approach Benefits 1973 Coal Mine Workers Exposure information continuously available Operators have control over exposure; can modify positioning, instigate task-rotation, adjust ventilation No waiting for results to come back in days/weeks Exceedance interviews more meaningful Administration/Engineering Identification of dust contributions from activities (e.g. secondary support, hosing the face, maingate roof support advance, etc.) Creation of dust maps to indicate optimum operator positioning Supplementation to legislated gravimetric personal sampling regime Determination of dust source magnitudes (i.e. static monitoring) Modifications to equipment design Evaluation of dust mitigation controls Attention to integrity of all sampling methods

14 Overview Technology Anglo s Approach Future Developments

15 Future Developments For Anglo American 1973 Data Reliability Undertaking further data capture to align with current standard gravimetric sampling AS/NZ Intrinsically Safe Certification Vigorously requesting provisions be made for unrestricted usage Feedback to ThermoScientific for Next Generation Functionality and capability Continue to lead the industry in our approach to occupational health and dust monitoring

16 Thank You

17 References 1973 Media: Slide 2: Coal Miner ThermoFisher Scientific (2016). Respirable Coal Dust Monitoring [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from: . Slide 4: Mettler Toledo XS-105 DU Mettler-Toledo International Inc. (2016). Retrieved from: Slide 5: Principle of Nephelometer Grimm Technologies, Inc. Retrieved from: Slide 6: Video of TEOM Principle Lear Siegler Australasia (2015). Retrieved from: c/o Peter Phaedonos. Slide 7: PDM3700 ThermoFisher Scientific (2016). Respirable Coal Dust Monitoring [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from: . Slide 8: PDM3700 Screenshots MSHA Course of Instruction (2016). Retrieved from: Slide 10: PDM3700 on Hip ThermoFisher Scientific (2016). Respirable Coal Dust Monitoring [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from: . Content: Standards Australia. (2009). Workplace atmospheres Method for sampling and gravimetric determination of respirable dust (AS ). Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia Limited. Standards Australia. (2008). Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.8: Determination of suspended particulate matter PM 10 continuous direct mass method using a tapered element oscillating microbalance analyser (AS ). Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia Limited.

Direct reading aerosol monitors

Health and Safety Executive Direct reading aerosol monitors 27 th June 2018 Andrew Thorpe Introduction Direct reading Aerosol Monitors (DRAMs) are often used as a complementary approach to conventional