Recent updates from the world s hottest geothermal energy drilling

Transcription

1 Recent updates from the world s hottest geothermal energy drilling Guðmundur Ómar Friðleifsson IDDP PI DEEPEGS Coordinator HS Orka Chief Geologist Forsíða með eigin ljósmynd Skref til innsetningar myndar: 1. Smelltu á íkon og settu inn mynd 2. Klipptu (cut) myndina út 3. Farðu á þessa þessa síðu í slide master og límdu (paste) myndinni inn 4. Hægri smelltu og veldu send to back 5. Eyddu út þessum athugasemdum og lokaðu slide master Key note at GeoEnergi2017, Bergen

2 IDDP-2 - Well Objective - the DEEPEGS demonstrator in Iceland Supercritical conditions reached below 4.6 km depth? Mission accomplished? Source: ISOR Egill Hauksson

3 Geothermal Resource Park

4 IDDP - Main objectives Drill 4-5 km deep drillholes into the roots of known high-t fields in Iceland Find geothermal fluid at supercritical condition CP for pure water is 374,15 C at 221,2 bar - CP for seawater is about 406 C at 298 bar Investigate the energy potential of C hot geothermal fluid

5 Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Consortium and main funders of IDDP wells: Additional funds for coring: Additional funding contribution for various EGS research: Coring for science Consultants: Deployment of Deep Enhanced Geothermal Systems for Sustainable Energy Business

6 DEEPEGS EU Horizon-2020 supported project Objective: to develope Deep Enhanced Geothermal Systems Deployment of Deep Enhanced Geothermal Systems for Sustainable Energy Business

7 IDDP/DEEPEGS - Combined Objectives Investigate the energy potential of C hot geothermal fluid Core for Science and understand natural supercritical systems Create EGS and sustainable Energy Business

8 From the beginning the IDDP intention has been to drill three deep wells

9 IDDP is a R&D project on deep roots of high temperature systems 2000 IDDP established by Icelandic energy consortium 2003 a Feasibility Report completed ( ) Supported by ICDP (since 2001) and US NSF (since 2005) for science coring & science. PI s responsible well RN-17 at Reykjanes well of opportunity for IDDP. Collapsed during flow test, only 3 km deep well IDDP-1 drilled at KRAFLA hit magma at 2.1 km (>900 C) got hottest production well in the world. Superheated steam at 452 C at 140 bar. Enthalpy 3200 KJ/Kg. Power capacity up to 36 MW e Deepened a 2.5 km deep well of opportunity (RN-15) to m as IDDP-2. Drilling began 11 th August 2016 and was completed at 4650 m depth 25 th January Funded by HS Orka, Statoil and IDDP consortium, with additional support from DEEPEGS EU supported 4 year project. Coring funds from ICDP and NSF used for all IDDP coring. Supercritical conditions measured at ~4500m depth 3d January 2017, during drilling, 426 C at 340 bar.

10 Induced mirco-seismicity during drilling of IDDP-1 in Krafla Micro seismicity during drilling Schematic - off scale Heating up after drilling

11 IDDP 1 Flow Test

12 Container for the wet scrubbing test The wet scrubbing unit. Pilot studies Heat exchanger in the testing container Acid corrosion test

13 Apparently IDDP created a magmatic EGS system Sequence of events: Thermally cracked the metamorphic contact aureole rocks by cold water drilling- and injection fluid Attracted 350 C two phase reservoir fluid from above downwards - heating it up to 450 C Flowing the 450 C hot superheated steam - needing chemical mitigation for production By wet scrubbing Cl, S and SiO 2 were driven into the fluid phase leaving pure steam for power production CO 2 proved to be lower than in atmosphere

14 Geothermal Resource Park

15 RN-15/IDDP-2 at Reykjanes 5 km target tracers 34 wells have been dilled at Reykjanes 24 by HS Orka

16 RN-15/IDDP-2 Feed points: Total loss of circulation almost all the time during drilling Loss zone Not curable in 12 plug cementing jobs => blind drilling to for the rest of the hole. : fracture zone T-log drillers report T-log T-log T-log T-log

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18 RN-15/IDDP-2 Geological map of the Reykjanes geothermal field showing the location of the wellhead of RN-15/IDDP-2 (map from ISOR based on Sæmundsson et al., 2016)

19 Earthquakes during drilling of RN-15/IDDP-2 Source: ISOR Egill Hauksson

20 New technique Petrospec thermocouples behind 3 km casing Deepest reverse cementing to high-t well Prototype high-t downhole motors from Baker Hughes (<300 C) Prototype high-t drill bits LWD (LWT) tools from Weatherford use for the 1 time in Iceland Highest T = 426 C at m at 340 bar pressure (supercritical) More than m blind drilling Core drilling attempted 13 times Best success with BH 6 coring tools at the very bottom of the well

21 RN-15/IDDP-2 First time in Iceland Loaded with monitoring devices during drilling: conductivity and ph in the flow line; and continuous head space gas monitoring with ICDP suplied tools. Thermocouples and cables by Petrospec cemented in, and a fiber optic cable from IMAGE and Geowell

22 Why was the RN-15/IDDP-2 so permeable? Total ciculation loss below 2,500-3,000 m which was cased off and then endless loss zones below the casing end (2,941 m) Retrieved some drill cuttings between 3,000-3,200 m but loss problems could not be cured cured wih cement or blockers Explanations: 1. Drilled into fracture zone(s) at least in some instances - like 3,350-3,380 m 2. Hydrostatic pressure of cold water column high enough to open existing fractures? 3. Holy Barbara?

23 WELL DESIGN and completion RN-15 Casings: 22 ½ # lb/ft, 0-87 meters 18 5/8 #87.50 lb/ft, meters 13 3/8 #68.00 lb/ft, meters IDDP-2 Casings: 9 7/ # T95 W/GEOCONN, 0-500m 9 5/ # L80 W/GEOCONN, m # L80 W BTC, m 7 #26.00 lb/ft, TN 80HS TSH W/HYDRILL BLUE m 10 Coring runs with 8 ½ coring bits below 3 km depth 6 rotary bit deepened from 4626m to 4634m 3 Coring runs with 6 core bit to 4659m (length from rig floor)

24 Schedule and progress Core run 1 Core run 2 5 km of 3 ½ drilstring for stimulation Core runs 3 and 4 Core runs 5 and 6 Core run 7 Core runs 8 and 9 Core run 10 Core runs 11, 12, 13

25 Core bits

26 RN-15/IDDP-2 IDDP coring tools

27 Modifying core barrel

28 IDDP - Core Drilling

29 IDDP Core drilling - lesson learned

30 CORE RECOVERY IN RN-15/IDDP-2 Core run Start Coring interval Cored length [m] Drilling time [h] ROP [m/h] Core recoverd [m] ,7-3074,1 5,4 7,12 0, ,6-3179,0 1,4 2 0, ,0-3648,9 0,9 5 0,2 0, ,9-3650,7 1,8 10,25 0, ,5-3869,8 4,3 8,5 0,6 3, ,8-3870,2 0,4 2,5 0,2 0, ,5-4090,6 1,1 2,25 0,5 0, ,6-4255,3 0,7 5,5 0,1 0, ,7-4309,9 1,2 3 0, ,9-4311,2 1,3 8,25 0,2 0, ,2-4642,8 8,6 1,25 6,9 7, ,8-4652,0 9,2 1 9, ,0-4659,0 7 0,75 9,3 5,58 Total 43,3 27,31 Core recovery about 63 % m

31 Drill cores mostly showing sheeted dikes Core 5 Core 11 Core 12

32 Drill cores now under petrological and geophysical research Quartz coated by hematite Biotite coated by hematite Mixed cold drilling water and supercritical geothermal fluid and coated open mineralizing fractures with hematite

33 Drill cores now under petrological and geophysical research

34 IDDP-2 Main surprises and achievements High permeability all the time during drilling. Total loss >50 l/s all the time No drill cuttings were retrieved below 2.5 km (except for km after casing) Without drill cores we would not have known anything about the rock types below 3.2 km and their hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism The ICDP and NSF funds for coring proved to be of paramount importance for understanding the black smoker analog rocks at Reykjanes down to the bottom of the well. Geophysical logging below 3.4 km was impossible because of temperature limitation while LWD tools from Weatherford solved the problem High permeability at great depths opens new dimensions for re-injection and/or production Power potential of the deep fluid remains to be studied and evaluated

35 RN-15/IDDP-2 LWT downholle tools from Weatherford

36 RN-15/IDDP-2 LWT downholle tools from Weatherford Lithology log Conventional geophysical log LWT log with Weatherford tools

37 Numerous workshops with partner Statoil before and during drilling

38 Supercritical conditions logged during drilling 426 C measured at 340 bar pressure after 6 days heating

39 Reykjanes and ocean floor black smokers

40 DEEP DRILLHOLES INTO OCEANIC CRUST all IDDP cores funded by ICDP and NSF Which we greatly acknowledge (Diagrams from Andrew Fowler UC Davis)

41 Petrological and petrophysical characterization just begun Initial core report will be ready by June 2017 science workshop planned and further studies

42 RN-15/IDDP-2 Reinjection and Stimulation Began 15. March 2017 lasts for several months Tracer test run parallel Then heating-up period and flow testing

43 Schematic conceptual model for the Reykjanes system Seawater orign of the geothermal fluid Lavas, hyaloclastites, sediments and pillow basalts down to 2-3 km Sheeted dyke complex 3-5 km From 6-7 km ductile rocks Gabbroic lower crust

44 RN-15/IDDP-2 Schematic flow test design 1 2 3

45 Next steps for IDDP-2 and DEEPEGS Stimulation Flow testing Pilot Plant Using cold water and thermal cycling Production testing and chemical sampling Pilot study for production 3 1/2 drill string to m Specially designed surface equipment to withstand corrosion, erosion and scaling Design based on production tests and chemistry of fluid Tracer test EGS system - up or down? Science and engineering Science and engineering Science and engineering

46 Thank you Forsíða með eigin ljósmynd Skref til innsetningar myndar: 1. Smelltu á íkon og settu inn mynd 2. Klipptu (cut) myndina út 3. Farðu á þessa þessa síðu í slide master og límdu (paste) myndinni inn 4. Hægri smelltu og veldu send to back 5. Eyddu út þessum athugasemdum og lokaðu slide master Kvars húðað hematíti Pretty exiting time ahead in flow testing and pilot studies

47 Flexible couplings Reminder for next well Designed and tested in GEOWELL and DEEPEGS

48 IDDP-3 team on site visit to IDDP-2 Preparing for IDDP-3 Thank you