a. The virus that causes it i. It s scientific name b. How it s spread d. General facts e. Types of smallpox f. Symptoms & signs i.

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1 2017 Junior Academic Super Bowl FRENCH REVOLUTION I. Medicine of the time - 10% A. Diseases and Illnesses - causes, treatments, societal impact a. The most widespread illness: 1. Smallpox a. The virus that causes it i. It s scientific name b. How it s spread c. How long the virus can survive outside a host d. General facts e. Types of smallpox i. Mortality rates of different types f. Symptoms & signs i. What they are ii. How those differ from chickenpox iii. How quickly those symptoms appear g. How to prevent smallpox 2. Scarlet fever a. The cause of it i. It s scientific name b. How it s spread 1

2 c. Symptoms & signs i. What they are ii. How quickly those appear iii. How long they can last d. Which age group is affected most? e. Treatments & preventions f. What other disease it can develop into 3. Malaria a. How it s spread i. The microbes common and scientific name ii. Scientific name of the mosquito b. Types of malaria c. What malaria literally translates as d. Treatments and preventions i. If not treated, then 4. Tyhpoid a. What it is b. How it s spread c. Symptoms 5. Dysentery a. (Just a few basic facts) 6. Gangrene a. What it is b. Symptoms 2

3 c. Causes d. Prevention b. What they common commonly did when they became ill (their own remedies) 1. Why the poor when sick did not go to doctors 2. Why those in hospitals became more sick than when they arrived c. What bloodletting is: d. Available anesthetics: e. Physicians and surgeons during the Revolution 1. Which of the two was more distinguished? 2. Training to become 3. What tasks each commonly did B. Battlefield Maladies a. How battlefield amputations were performed: b. Triage procedures: Book- Daily Life During the French Revolution by James A. Anderson chapters in particular: 8 (health medicine, and charity), and 13 (military life) 3

4 II. Scientists - 40% A. Georges Cuvier a. Called The father of b. Catastrophism: 1. What it is: 2. What it explains: c. How his view on cat. conflicts with evolution: d. His thoughts on evolution: e. Interesting place his name is inscribed on: f. What animals he determined were actually separate species and not the same: g. How he proved extinction was a fact: h. Over view of his work on vertebrate paleontology: i. Year he was born and died: B. Georges-Louis Leclerc a. Known for being the earlier/first to recognize what? : b. What uniformitarianism is: c. His views on evolution: d. His views on extinction: e. His ideas on geologic time (which were very different from others): f. He authored what influential book?: g. Year he was born and died: h. His full name/also known as: i. He believed the Americas lacked what kind of animal?: j. What his theory of degeneracy stated: 4

5 k. Which book of his Thomas Jefferson debunked: 1. What animal Jefferson had shipped to Paris as proof: C. Jean-Baptist Lamarck a. What is term invertebrate means: b. What is Lamarckism? : 1. Giraffe necks: 2. What was correct & incorrect about it: c. His views on evolution: d. How he reformed the classification system for invertebrates: e. His theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics: f. Year he was born and died: g. What the complexifying force was: Biology For Dummies D. Rene Laennec a. Year he was born and died: b. His occupation/training: c. What device he invented: E. William Herschel (not French, but a contemporary) a. Is most known for discovering what? b. Year he was born and died: c. His nationality: d. His occupation/training: e. Planet he discovered: 5

6 1. How he discovered it: f. His thoughts about life on other planets: F. Surgeons, Physicians, Commoners a. What powered steam engines: b. What kinds of things at this time each did 1. Surgeons 2. Physicians c. Which of these 3 was most valued? d. Commoners did what kind of medicine (deliver babies? set bones? Pull teeth?.) e. How a theory contending that liquids contained an inner fire was disproven: G. Joseph Priestly a. What element Priestly discovered, and what he originally called it: b. His discovery about trees: c. Where he lived throughout his life: H. Henry Cavendish a. Great discoveries: b. His experiments with hydrogen: c. Chemical names 1. Do some very broad reading and list some: d. Early experiments dissolving metals in acids, and alkalis in bases: e. Year he was born and died: 6

7 f. What the Cavendish experiment was: g. His occupation/training: h. How he measured Earth s density: I. Jean-Baptiste Joseph Baron Fourier a. What his field, Mathematical Physics, includes: b. What Fourier s Law states: c. Year he was born and died: d. His relationship with Napoleon: J. Lavoisier a. Some life/professional accomplishments: b. Re-defined the term combustion from what to what?: c. Year he was born and died: d. The scientific law he discovered, and how: e. His work with gunpowder: f. His nickname, and why: g. How his life ended: h. His views on the Doctrine of Phlogiston: ᆳ try2017 7

8 K. Andre-Marie Ampere a. Write the equation for Ampere s Law: b. The 2 variables in the equation: c. How he discovered electromagnetism: d. Year he was born and died: e. What he studied in life: L. Joseph Black a. His greatest discovery: b. What he originally called it: c. How that discovery happened: 8

9 III. Paleontology - 15% A. Fossil formation and means of preservation a. Definition of a fossil: b. What natural forces cause fossils to be hard to find, and disappear: c. Index fossils: 1. Characteristics/what they are: 2. type of rock they form in: 3. what they identify: 4. a few examples of common ones: d. What trace fossils are: e. What relative dating is: f. Which part of an animal is most likely to be fossilized: g. Over time, what the shell and bone in a fossil become: h. Why fossils are heavier than the bone they used to be: i. Conditions that lead to organism becoming a fossil: 1. Best environment for them to form in: j. Why fossils are valuable: k. Why every plant and animal doesn t become one: l. What petrification is: m. What lithification is: n. What fossil imprints are: o. How amber preservation works: p. How Volcanic eruptions lead to fossilization: q. What carbonization is (in the context of fossils): 9

10 r. What sedimentation is: s. What permineralization is: t. What dessication is: u. How asphalt is useful in the formation of fossils: 1. Famous tar pit in the U.S.: v. What the term extinct means: B. Fossil and rock types a. Fossil type that best preserves the specimen: b. Rock types, and which fossils only form in: c. What lithology is: d. Law of superposition: e. What a paleontologist is: f. What a mold fossil is: g. What a fossil cast is: h. Fossils formed in shale formed how? i. General overview of the rock cycle: j. What all rocks are made of: k. Name of a scientist who studies rocks: l. Processes of weathering erosion deposition cementation: 10

11 IV. Physics - 25% A. Kelvin a. What the triple point of water is/means: b. General, how the Kelvin scale works: c. Converting between Kelvin & Celsius: B. Inventions a. Hot air balloon 1. Who invented, how it first worked: a. Montgolfier brothers: b. Year invented: c. Who first subjects sent up were: d. Science- why hot air balloons rise: e. How it works: i. State Charles Law and apply to this: ii. How density factors in: b. Guillotine 1. Reason for its creation: 2. Name of the parts that make it up: 3. Who invented it: 4. Year invented: 5. Benefits of it: 6. Original name it was called: 11

12 7. Year of last public guillotining in France: 8. Types of simple machines: 9. Who operated it?: c. Communication methods 1. Early history of Braille: a. Year invented: b. What it s precursor, night writing, was: c. Number of dots used in cells: d. Louis Braille s life story: 12

13 V. Chemistry - 10% A. Balancing basic equations a. Process 1. What happens to atoms during a chemical change: 2. Law Of Conservation Of Mass: b. Terms: 1. Coefficients: 2. Subscripts: 3. Reactants: 4. Products: 5. Suffixes a. ate (ex. sulfate): 6. Types of reactions (define, and give example) a. Synthesis: b. Decomposition: c. Single displacement: d. Double displacement: c. Equations (not terribly complex) 1. 3H2+ N2-> 2. HgO Hg + O 2 3. Al + O 2 Al 2 O 3 4. Mg(OH) 2 + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 O 5. Fe + H₂O Fe 3 O 4 + H₂ 6. FeS + O₂ Fe₂O₃ + SO₂ 13

14 7. C₂H₆O + O₂ CO₂ + H₂O 8. SnO₂ + H₂ Sn + H₂O Other General Sources: Encyclopedia Brittanica Any high school Earth Science text Kahn academy 14