Figure 23-2 a. Highest strain in areas near grain contacts (hatch pattern). b. High-strain areas dissolve and material precipitates in adjacent

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Figure 23-2 a. Highest strain in areas near grain contacts (hatch pattern). b. High-strain areas dissolve and material precipitates in adjacent"

Kelley McCarthy
5 years ago
Views:

Textures Textures Reading: Winter, Chapter 23 Textures are small-scale scale penetrative features Relict Textures Inherited from original rock Blasto- = relict Any degree of preservation Pseudomorphs

1 Textures Textures Reading: Winter, Chapter 23 Textures are small-scale scale penetrative features Relict Textures Inherited from original rock Blasto- = relict Any degree of preservation Pseudomorphs of minerals or pre- metamorphic textures/structures Textures The Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization 1. Cataclastic Flow Mechanical fragmentation and sliding, rotation of fragments Crush, reak, end, grind, kink, def m twins, undulose extinction, shredding of micas, augen, mortar, etc. Technically not metamorphic Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization 2. Pressure Solution Figure 23-2 a. Highest strain in areas near grain contacts (hatch pattern).. High-strain areas dissolve and material precipitates in adjacent low-strain areas (shaded). The process is accompanied y vertical shortening. c.pressure solution of a quartz crystal in a deformed quartzite (s 1 is vertical). Pressure solution results in a serrated solution surface in highstrain areas (small arrows) and precipitation in low-strain areas (large arrow). ~ 0.5 mm across. The faint line within the grain is a hematite stain along the original clast surface. After Hiard (1995) Petrography to Petrogenesis. Prentice Hall. Textures 3.Plastic Intracrystalline Deformation No loss of cohesion Several processes may operate simultaneously Defect migration Slip planes Dislocation glide Deformation twinning Textures 4. Recovery Loss of stored strain energy y vacancy migration, dislocation migration and annihilation Polygonization- general term for formation of low-strain sugrains 1

(general term) Grain oundary sliding and area reduction Coalescence- recovery and recrystallization y which large grains form y

23-5. Illustration of a recovery process in which dislocations migrate to form a sugrain oundary.

Undulose extinction and () elongate sugrains in quartz due to dislocation formation and migration Winter (2001) Figure 23-6.

From Passchier and Trouw(1996) Microtectonics. Figure 23-7a.

(1982). High-Strain Textures (shear zones) Figure 22-2.

2 Textures 5. Recrystallization Grain oundary migration Sugrain rotation Solid-state diffusion creep at higher T Crystalplastic deformation (general term) Grain oundary sliding and area reduction Coalescence- recovery and recrystallization y which large grains form y the addition of smaller strained grains y grain oundary migration Dislocation migration forms two strain-free sugrains Figure Illustration of a recovery process in which dislocations migrate to form a sugrain oundary. Winter (2001) Recrystallization y grain oundary migration and su-grain rotation a Figure 23-4 a. Undulose extinction and () elongate sugrains in quartz due to dislocation formation and migration Winter (2001) Figure Recrystallization y (a) grain-oundary migration (including nucleation) and () sugrain rotation. From Passchier and Trouw(1996) Microtectonics. Figure 23-7a. Recrystallized quartz with irregular (sutured) oundaries, formed y grain oundary migration. Width 0.2 mm. From Borradaile et al. (1982). High-Strain Textures (shear zones) Figure Schematic cross section through a shear zone, showing the vert ical distriution of fault -related rock types, ranging from non-cohesive gouge and reccia near the surface through progressively more cohesive and foliated rocks. Note that the width of the shear zone increases with depth as the shear is distriuted over a larger area and ecomes more ductile. Circles on the right represent microscopic views or textures. From Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer -Verlag. Berlin. 2

High-Strain Textures Concentrate on cataclastic > ductile (shallower) Break, crack, end, crush, rotate Slip and shredding of phyllosilicates Clasts- roken remnants Porphyroclast- larger remnant in

c d Figure 23-15. Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966). Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy John Shelton.

3 High-Strain Textures Concentrate on cataclastic > ductile (shallower) Break, crack, end, crush, rotate Slip and shredding of phyllosilicates Clasts- roken remnants Porphyroclast- larger remnant in finer crush matrix Mortar texture Rions Pseudotachylite a Figure Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966). Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy John Shelton. c d Figure Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966). Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy John Shelton. Textures of Contact Metamorphism Typically shallow pluton aureoles (low-p) Crystallization/recrystallization is near-static Monomineralic with low D surface energy form granolastic polygonal Larger D S.E. form decussate Isotropic textures (hornfels, granofels) Relict textures are common Figure Terminology for high-strain shear-zone related rocks proposed y Wise et al. (1984) Fault-related rocks: Suggestions for terminology. Geology, 12,

4 Progressive diaase (coarse asalt). From Best Progressive diaase (coarse asalt). From Best Progressive diaase (coarse asalt). From Best (1982). Igneous and Petrology. W. H. Progressive diaase (coarse asalt). From Best Progressive metamorphism of slate. From Best Progressive metamorphism of slate. From Best 4

chlorite, dolomite, kyanite Calcite, vesuvianite, scapolite Feldspar, quartz, cordierite Least Euhedral Fig. 23-10 Grain oundary energy controls triple point angles c. Figure 23-9.

5 Progressive metamorphism of slate. From Best Differences in development of crystal form among some metamorphic minerals. From Best The Crystallolastic Series Most Euhedral Titanite, rutile, pyrite, spinel Garnet, sillimanite, staurolite, tourmaline Epidote, magnetite, ilmenite Andalusite, pyroxene, amphiole Mica, chlorite, dolomite, kyanite Calcite, vesuvianite, scapolite Feldspar, quartz, cordierite Least Euhedral Fig Grain oundary energy controls triple point angles c. Figure Typical textures of contact metamorphism. From Spry (1969) Textures. Pergamon. Oxford. Figure a. Dihedral angle etween two mineral types. When the A- A grain oundary energy is greater than for A-B, the angle q will decrease () so as to increase the relative area of A- B oundaries. Winter (2001) c. Sketch of a plagioclase (light)-clinopyroxene (dark) hornfels showing lower dihedral angles in clinopyroxene at most cpx-plag -plag oundaries. (c. from Vernon, 1976) Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen & Unwin, London. a Figure Quartz-mica schists. a. Closer spacing of micas in lower half causes quartz grains to passively elongate causing quartz-quartz oundaries to meet mica (001) faces at 90 o. From Shelley (1993).. Layered rock in which growth of quartz has een retarded y grain oundary pinning y finer micas in the upper layer. From Vernon, 1976) Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen & Unwin, London. Textures Contact overprint on earlier regional events are common Thermal maximum later than deformational Separate post-orogenic orogenic (collapse) event Nodular overprints Spotted slates and phyllites 5

a Depletion haloes Progressive development of a depletion halo aout a growing porphyrolast. From Best (1982).

d Petrology. W. H. Figure 23-14. Overprint of contact metamorphism on regional. a.

foliation in the opaques). Approx. 1.5 x 2 mm. From Bard (1986) Microtextures of d Rocks. Reidel. Dordrecht.

Winter (2001) Figure 23-13. Light colored depletion haloes around cm-sized garnets in amphiolite.

6 a Depletion haloes Progressive development of a depletion halo aout a growing porphyrolast. From Best (1982). Igneous and Petrology. W. H. Figure Overprint of contact metamorphism on regional. a. Nodular texture of cordierite porphyrolasts developed during a overprinting of previous regional metamorphism (note the foliation in the opaques). Approx. 1.5 x 2 mm. From Bard (1986) Microtextures of Igneous and Rocks. Reidel. Dordrecht.. Spotted phyllite in which small porphyrolasts of cordierite develop in a preexisting phyllite. Winter (2001) Figure Light colored depletion haloes around cm-sized garnets in amphiolite. Fe and Mg were less plentiful, so that hornlende was consumed to a greater extent than was plagioclase as the garnets grew, leaving hornlende-depleted zones. Sample courtesy of Peter Misch. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Depletion halo around garnet Igneous porphyrolast. and Petrology. Boehls Butte Prentice area, Hall. Idaho 6

5/1/2017. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks. Classification & Textures. Metamorphic Classification. Metamorphic Textures

5/1/2017. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks. Classification & Textures. Metamorphic Classification. Metamorphic Textures Classification & Textures Metamorphic Classification Foliated Rocks Non-foliated Rocks Etc. Metamorphic Textures Relict textures Contact metamorphism Deformation & Recrystallization Dynamic/Regional metamorphism