Midterm Study Guide. Unit Using the numbers listed sequence the rock layers from youngest to oldest. 1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5. Law Description Diagram

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1 Midterm Study Guide Unit 1 1. Using the numbers listed sequence the rock layers from youngest to oldest. 1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. Complete the chart below. Law Description Diagram Law of Superposition Law of Cross Cutting Relationships The oldest rocks are found at the bottom and the youngest on top. A fault or dike which cuts through various layers is younger than the layers. 3. The trilobite is found in the most layers. What does this imply about the fossil? It was alive for the longest time period. 4. Which animal is closely related to the turtle? Leopard 5. How did you know? The only thing that separates them is hair. They share the most recent common ancestor on the cladogram. 6. Which feature(s) do the tuna and leopard have in common? Jaws and Vertebral column 7. Which organism(s) have a vertebral column? Lamprey, Tuna, Salamander, Turtle, Leopard

2 8. Use the pictures below to help you complete the chart. Which anatomical structure is depicted above? Analogous How did you know? They all have the same function but do not have similar bone structure. Do they have a common ancestor? No Which anatomical structure is depicted above? Homologous How did you know? They all have similar internal structure but do not all have the same function. Do they have a common ancestor? Yes 9. These organisms look similar in the beginning of their embryonic stages. What similarities do you see? Curved tail, eyeball forming, rounded head 10. What do all these similarities suggest about these organisms? They all evolved from a common ancestor

3 Unit Based off the picture, which trait is natural selection favoring? Long necked giraffes 12. Why was this trait favorable? The long necked giraffes were able to reach the leaves on the trees 13. If all of a sudden the tall trees disappeared and the grass started to grow more abundantly, how will the population shift? The tall giraffes wouldn t be able to reach the short grass and start to die off, the short necked giraffes will start to increase 14. Complete the chart below. Explanation GMO When scientists pinpoint the individual gene, remove it, copy it, and place it in a new organism. Advantage Foods have a longer shelf life, more nutrition, higher crop yield Disadvantage Possible allergies Unpredicted changes to the ecosystem Example Tomatoes with a longer shelf life; papayas that are virus resistant Selective Breeding When humans select which traits are favorable to pass to the next generation. Produce organism with desired outcomes Disease will spread faster. Organisms that are selectively breed may have health defects. Dogs breed for law enforcement have a good sense of smell. Animal Husbandry When humans alter livestock animals for our own beneficial purposes. Animals are now higher yielding (more food such as milk/eggs/meat) Animals are injected with hormones which can be bad for their health. Breeding larger cows with another larger cow to produce more beef. Gene Therapy Process of altering genes to correct genetic defects Could possibly cure deadly diseases Can cause other health problems Immune system may reject the new inserted gene Humans receiving gene therapy to cure Alzheimer s.

4 Unit Which natural disaster is caused due to flat lands and a mix of hot and cold air? Tornadoes 16. Which natural hazard is caused by extreme rain resulting in unstable soil? Landslides/Mudslides 17. Hurricanes originate in a warm body of water and move west in the Northern hemisphere. Why do most hurricanes hit the eastern coast of the United States. Use the map to help you. They start in the ocean and move westward. When they originate in the Atlantic Ocean they hit the Eastern coast. When hurricanes form in the Pacific Ocean, they move west and hit countries like Japan. 18. What technology could be used to predict a volcanos eruption? 1. Thermal Imaging Camera: Can detect the different temperatures and show magma rising. 2. Gas detection technology: When large amounts of Sulfur dioxide is released it can be assumed the volcano will erupt. 3. Seismograph: Volcanoes can be erupt after an earthquake 4. Tiltmeter: Can detect changes in the slope of the volcanoes 19. Complete the T chart below. Renewable Water (hydro) Wind (Air) Biomass (Plants/Fish) Solar Geothermal (heat from the earth) Soil Nonrenewable Fossil Fuels Coal Oil/Petroleum Natural Gas Propane Minerals Metals Nuclear (Uranium) 20. What qualifies something as being nonrenewable? The rate of consumption is MORE than the rate it can be replenished. It also exists in a limited supply. 21. How can an abundance of a resource allow a country to be wealthy? (Hint: If you have a lot of something and other people want this, what can you do.) Countries sell these resources to other countries who may need them and make money; trading business 22. Copper is primarily found around the Ring of Fire. Why is this so? The Ring of Fire has a lot of active volcanoes and copper is found in igneous rock. (Remember igneous rocks form when magma escapes from the Earth s crusts due to volcanic activity.)

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