Core Inner and Outer zone:

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1 earths layers and plate techs.notebook Core Inner and Outer zone: Outer core is liquid Inner core is solid (because of intense pressure) Iron nickel mixture Discovery of earth's core: Bill Nye 2.3 min Apr 8 5:49 PM Mantle: Layer below the crust Solid sort of. Very top of the mantle is solid, but underneath that it is plastic and slowly flowing (in aesth. like PB); some minerals have diff melting points in bottom, solid and convection currents very slow Apr 8 5:54 PM 1

2 Crust: Outer, rocky layer of Earth (solid) 2 types oceanic (thin and dense) continental (thick and less dense) oceanic continental Apr 8 6:16 PM Oceanic ----> <---- Continental Apr 8 6:23 PM 2

3 Landforms: Large land feature defined by its height, steepness, and type of bedrock Mountain: Much higher than land around it Usually steep slopes, igneous /metamorphic rock. Formed by: Folding: Forces in Earth's crust squeeze and bend rock layers Faulting: Forces in the crust squeeze or pull it until it breaks. Mar 5 3:39 PM FOLDING FAULTING Mar 5 3:45 PM 3

4 Volcanoes (can also form mountains!): Opening in Earth's crust through which lava flows from underground. what is a mountain? 2 min Mar 5 3:48 PM Augustine Volcano: Cook Inlet, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska Mar 5 3:53 PM 4

5 earths layers and plate techs.notebook Plain: broad, flat region found at a relatively low elevation. Made up of sand, or sedimentary rock. Ex: Long Island Plateau: Horizontally layered rocks with higher elevation than the plains. Formed by acting or uplift or lava flows. ex: Allegheny Plateau in SW New York. Mar 5 4:01 PM Crust is broken up into plates like a broken egg shell on a hardboiled egg Plates slide atop the mantle Edges of the plates are where the sections of the crust get torn apart and grind past each other! creates mountains, volcanoes, trenches, etc. "crustal activity" Apr 8 6:19 PM 5

6 Draw and label: Mystery of core explained 3.2 min good min Layers of the earth song Apr 8 8:03 PM So what is SOIL? WHAT IS BEDROCK? Read and find out Mar 18 7:51 AM 6

7 Aim: How do internal forces change Earth's surface? Apr 8 5:43 PM Continental Drift THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT In 1912, Alfred Wegener theorized that Earth s continents were once part of a large super continent (Pangaea) and then separated and drifted to their current positions pangaea#p00fztwb I:20 Mar 8 9:25 PM 7

8 Evidence of Pangaea Wegener s Ideas: Matching Rocks & Minerals on edges of continents Wegener was able to show that continents that were joined shared unique rocks and minerals. Mar 9 4:10 PM Evidence of Pangaea Wegener s Ideas: Matching Fossils on edges of different continents Large land animals provided better evidence because they could not have crossed oceans. Mar 9 4:13 PM 8

9 earths layers and plate techs.notebook Evidence of Pangaea Wegener s Ideas: Matching Coastlines (like puzzles pieces) on different continents Mar 9 4:14 PM Seafloor Spreading In the 1960s, oceanographers discovered an underwater mountain ridge running north and south down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Apr 8 6:38 PM 9

10 earths layers and plate techs.notebook Apr 8 7:34 PM Matching magnetic bands are found on both sides of the mid ocean ridge Apr 8 6:42 PM 10

11 Mar 15 3:52 PM The continental crust is older than the oceanic crust (which is newly made from the ridge) age of sediments and fossils on each side of the ridge match up also explains how we used to be together in Pan but now separated Apr 8 6:40 PM 11

12 Apr 8 6:40 PM Plate Tectonics Seafloor evidence along with Wegener's clues and other evidence all support the Plate Tectonics theory This theory says the crust is broken into plates that move and interact with one another. (fossils, glacier patterns, coal in Antarctica, puzzle, see rock in mountains, folds and faults earthquake, volcano evidence as well) Apr 8 6:45 PM 12

13 The plates move because of convection currents in the mantle! Internal processes raise the land up. Apr 8 6:47 PM 13