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1 W E SP '.'.'." >Ui>i 1, "' ">»i"i»> II.T"' l"7, :..iv,'!;iil.. l li,l >ii»l'.,w».'!'...,.i.iiii.h,'λih>>. iü>iáúi*m»krfii iariii ' m" ' "">n 1 HH imu>iiiw/**u i m*? CDP ^ Multichannel seismic profile obtained by Gulf Seal over Mid-Atlantic Ridge Site 395, the location of crustal downhole measurements, Leg 78B.
2 Initial Reports of the A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of the JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES) VOLUME LXXVIIIB covering Leg 78B of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Las Palmas, Grand Canary Island March-April, 1981 PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS FOR LEG 78B Roy D. Hyndman, Matthew H. Salisbury, Alan Ballard, Keir Becker, Jerome Denis, Stephen H. Hickman, Randy S. Jacobson, Marcus Langseth, Mark A. Mathews, Douglas McGowan, Vladislav Nechoroshkov, Vladimir Ponomarev, Joseph Svitek, and Robert Wallerstedt SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE FOR LEG 78B Matthew H. Salisbury EDITOR Susan Orlofsky Prepared for the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION National Ocean Sediment Coring Program Under Contract C-482 By the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Prime Contractor for the Project
3 Participants aboard GLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Seventy-eight B Dr. Roy D. Hyndman Co-Chief Scientist Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Pacific Geoscience Centre Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2, Canada Dr. Matthew H. Salisbury Co-Chief Scientist Dr. Alan Ballard Geophysicist/Program Manager (DARPA) Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, Mississippi Dr. Keir Becker Geophysicist (large-scale resistivity experiment) Marine Physical Laboratory Dr. Jerome Denis Geochemist Laboratoire de Géochemie des Eaux Université de Paris Paris Cedex 5, France Mr. Stephen H. Hickman Hydrofracture Specialist U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California Dr. Randy S. Jacobson Geophysicist (U.S.N.S. Lynch) Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, Mississippi Dr. Marcus Langseth Geophysicist (hydrofracture and heat-flow experiments) Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Palisades, New York Dr. Douglas McGowan Geophysicist (U.S.N.S. Lynch) Marine Science Institute University of Texas, Austin Galveston, Texas Dr. Mark A. Mathews Log Analyst Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory University of California Los Alamos, New Mexico Dr. Vladislav Nechoroshkov Geophysicist (downhole magnetometer experiment) Institute of Geophysics Sverdlovsk , U.S.S.R. Dr. Vladimir Ponomarev Geophysicist (downhole magnetometer experiment) Institute of Geophysics Sverdlovsk , U.S.S.R. Mr. Joseph Svitek Televiewer Technician U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California Mr. Robert Wallerstedt Project Engineer (DARPA) Global Marine Development, Inc. Irvine, California Mr. V. Barry Robson Cruise Operations Manager Mr. Melvin Fields Weatherman Captain Loyd E. Dill Master of the Drilling Vessel Global Marine, Inc Vickers Street San Diego, California Mr. A. C. Wheeler, Jr. Drilling Superintendent Global Marine, Inc Vickers Street San Diego, California
4 Mr. Elmer Kiser Superintendent (DARPA) Global Marine Development, Inc. Irvine, California Mr. Ted Gustafson Laboratory Officer Mr. William Meyer Photographer/Chemist Mr. Bruce Cloyd Logging Engineer Open Hole Division Gearhart-Owen Wire Line Fort Worth, Texas Mr. Patrick Thompson Special Tools Technician Mr. Randy Current Electronics Technician Mr. Charles Coker Electronics Technician (DARPA) Teledyne Geotech Garland, Texas Mr. Paul Donahoe Electrical Engineer (U.S.N.S. Lynch) Marine Science Institute University of Texas, Austin Galveston, Texas Mr. Steven Dye Technician (DARPA) Global Marine Development, Inc. Irvine, California Mr. William Grosskopf Electronics Technician (DARPA) Teledyne Geotech Garland, Texas Mr. Carl Mulcahy Electrical Engineer (DARPA) Teledyne Geotech Garland, Texas Mr. Bruce Blumer Marine Technician Ms. Joanne Collins Yeoperson 628
5 CONTENTS Chapter Page Chapter Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 631 PART I: OBJECTIVES AND OPERATIONS 1. LEG 78B: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES, AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING 633 M. H. Salisbury and R. D. Hyndman PART III: BOREHOLE SEISMOMETER STUDIES 10. THE BOREHOLE SEISMIC EXPERI- MENT IN HOLE 395A: ENGINEERING AND INSTALLATION 743 J. A. Ballard, C. C. Mulcahy, R. L. Wallerstedt, and E. L. Kiser 2. MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE SITE 395 REVIS- ITED: OPERATIONS AND EXPLANA- TORY NOTES 653 Shipboard Scientific Parties 3. UNDERWAY GEOPHYSICS, GLOMAR CHALLENGER, LEG 78B 663 M. H. Salisbury, R. D. Hyndman, and B. Long 4. UNDERWAY GEOPHYSICAL MEASURE- MENTS ON THE USNS LYNCH IN SUP- PORT OF LEG 78B 675 R. S. Jacobson PART II: DOWNHOLE EXPERIMENTS AND LOGGING TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN HOLE 395A, LEG 78B K. Becker, M. G. Langseth, and R. D. Hyndman IN SITU PERMEABILITY AND PORE- PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS NEAR THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT HOLE 395A S. H. Hickman, M. G. Langseth, and J. F. Svitek BOREHOLE TELEVIEWER LOG OF HOLE 395A S. H. Hickman, J. F. Svitek, and M. G. Langseth BASEMENT LOGGING ON THE MID- ATLANTIC RIDGE, DEEP SEA DRILL- ING PROJECT HOLE 395A M. Mathews, M. H. Salisbury, and R. Hyndman DOWNHOLE MAGNETIC MEASURE- MENTS IN OCEANIC CRUSTAL HOLE 395A ON THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE V. N. Ponomarev and V. L. Nechoroshkov CURRENTS NEAR DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT HOLE 395A AND EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS OF THE MARINE SEIS- MIC SYSTEM PROJECT 759 J. D. Boyd 12. ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE RECORDED BY DOWNHOLE AND OCEAN-BOTTOM SEISMOMETERS ON DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 78B R. G. Adair, J. A. Orcutt, and T. H. Jordan 13. PRELIMINARY SEISMIC REFRACTION RESULTS USING A BOREHOLE SEIS- MOMETER IN DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT HOLE 395A 783 R. S. Jacobson, R. Adair, and J. Orcutt PART IV: LABORATORY STUDIES 14. THE CHEMISTRY OF INTERSTITIAL WATERS FROM THE UPPER OCEAN CRUST, SITE 395, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 78B R. E. McDuff 15. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BA- SALT CORE SAMPLES FROM DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 78B HOLE 395A R. D. Hyndman, N. I. Christensen, and M. J. Drury PART V: SYNTHESIS 16. A REVIEW OF DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT GEOTHERMAL MEASURE- MENTS THROUGH LEG R. D. Hyndman, M. G. Langseth, and R. P. Von Herzen
6 Chapter Page Chapter Pag 17. THE HYDROGEOLOGICAL REGIME OF 18. THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF YOUNG ISOLATED SEDIMENT PONDS IN MID- UPPER OCEANIC CRUST ON THE MID- OCEANIC RIDGES 825 ATLANTIC RIDGE, DEEP SEA DRILL- M. G. Langseth, R. D. Hyndman, K. Becker, ING PROJECT HOLE 395A 83 S. H. Hickman, and M. H. Salisbury R. D. Hyndman and M. H. Salisbury 630
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LEG 78B Leg 78B was the first leg of the devoted entirely to downhole experiments. Because many of the experiments were unusually complicated, and the most sophisticated and demanding of them, the DARPA seismometer deployment, had never been previously attempted, we owe the success of the leg to the patience, skill, and ingenuity of Captain Clarke and the Global Marine crew and drilling personnel, the DSDP shipboard technical staff, and the engineering staffs at Global Marine Development, Incorporated, and at DSDP. We also wish to express our appreciation to Captain Maier and the crew of the Lynch for their cooperation and support during the seismic refraction experiment in the vicinity of Site 395 and to the publications staff at DSDP for their able assistance in the preparation of this volume. 631
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