Checklist and annotated bibliography of Recent Foraminiferida from the German Baltic Sea coast

Transcription

1 STUDIA GEOLOGICA POLONICA Vol. 124, Kraków 2005, pp Methods and Applications in Micropalaeontology Edited by J. Tyszka, M. Oliwkiewicz-Miklasiñska, P. Gedl & M. A. Kaminski Peter FRENZEL 1, Thomas TECH 1 & Jan BARTHOLDY 2 Checklist and annotated bibliography of Recent Foraminiferida from the German Baltic Sea coast (Figs 1 6; Tables 2) Abstract. There are 96 Recent foraminiferal species reported from the German sector of the Baltic Sea. All are benthic taxa. Most species are agglutinated forms, reflecting the brackish water conditions of the southern Baltic Sea. Decreasing diversity is visible following the salinity gradient along the coast from the west to the east. The associations of the deeper water below the halocline and of shallow water above are very different with higher diversity in the deeper water. A complete species list and annotated bibliography for Recent foraminiferal species from the brackish water of the German Baltic Sea coast are presented. Key words: Baltic Sea, brackish water, benthic foraminifera, biogeography, biodiversity, checklist, bibliography. INTRODUCTION Foraminiferida (Granuloreticulosea) are an important, abundant and highly diverse taxon distributed from the abysses of the world s oceans up to the supralittoral of the sea coasts. Information on their distribution in the Baltic Sea is scarce because of weak research interest caused by the low abundance and low diversity of foraminifers in these brackish waters. To date there are only a few papers giving a general overview about the Baltic foraminiferal fauna (Brodniewicz, 1965; Lutze, 1965; Saidova, 1982; Hermelin, 1987). These papers concern almost exclusively the deep waters of the inner Baltic Sea. All other publications on foraminifers from the Baltic Sea are regional studies, scattered mostly in a broad range of regional journals or even unpublished theses and reports. 1 Marine Biology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D Rostock, Germany, Peter-Frenzel@t-online.de 2 Institute of Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, D Bonn, Germany

2 68 P. FRENZEL et al. The German coast is a region with a high number of publications and studies on foraminifers from the Baltic Sea (53 publications and 6 theses). Exceptionally well documented is the Kiel Bight, where especially in the 1960s and 70s, many studies were initiated by the research group of G. F. Lutze of Kiel University. A present project about the ostracods and foraminifers of the southern Baltic Sea and their use as bio-indicators sponsored by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) and housed at the University of Rostock enhances the collection of data on distribution and ecology of foraminifers in the study area. Hence, our knowledge about the associations at the eastern part of the German Baltic coast, where only two modern studies (Kreisel & Leipe, 1989; Frenzel, 1996) and three old ones (Schulze, 1874, 1875a, Stammer, 1928) existed before, is increasing remarkably (Frenzel & Oertel, 2002; Frenzel & Tech, 2004; Frenzel, in press; Bartholdy et al., this volume; present paper). The last checklist for the foraminifers of the German Baltic Sea coast was given by Rhumbler in 1940 who concluded (p. 21) that a detailed study of the Baltic Sea foraminifers would be highly appreciated. The present paper gives an overview about the foraminiferal taxa of the German part of the Baltic Sea coast (Fig. 1) and presents an annotated bibliography for this group and area. This could be a base for further studies as well as a data file for biogeographic comparisons with other regions. STUDY AREA The Baltic Sea is a giant estuary bound to the marine influence of the North Sea through narrow and shallow straits (Belts and Sund) in the south-western part only (Fig. 1). The inner Baltic Sea is subdivided into several basins separated by shallower sills. The salinity of the brackish water sea depends mainly on the direction and intensity of prevailing winds, causing the temporary influx of saltier water into the basins of the inner Baltic Sea. The salinity is very variable in small time scales and decreases in general towards the north-east (Matthäus, 1996a; see below). The tidal influence is not remarkable with a maximum of 15 cm (Lass & Magaard, 1996). The water column shows a vertical thermohaline layering, with a homohaline upper layer of lower salinity, a transition layer with downward rapidly increasing salinity and decreasing temperature and a deeper water body with higher salinity and relatively stable low temperature. A repeated layering by successive intrusions of water of different temperature and salinity is also possible in the central Baltic Sea (Matthäus, 1996a). The surface layer is strongly influenced by seasonal temperature changes. Its thickness increases in general from west to east, with about 10 m in the eastern Kiel Bight, 15 to 20 m in the outer Mecklenburg Bight and 30 to 35 m in the Arkona Basin (estimation from monitoring data for the years ; personal communication by H. U. Lass, Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde). The bottom water body suffers often from oxygen deficiency through low exchange rates and a high input of nutrients causing algal and cyano-

3 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 69 Fig. 1. The study area in the Baltic Sea. Salt water input from the North Sea comes through the Belt Sea (Great Belt mainly) and in a lesser degree through the Sund (Øresund) bacterial blooms in the surface layer and an export of organic matter into the deeper water (Matthäus, 1996b). The German coast is situated in the south-western part of the Baltic Sea, close to the saltwater pathway of the Belt Sea. The westernmost part is the Kiel Bight (Fig. 1) with direct connection to the Belts, where the main saltwater input into the inner Baltic Sea comes through. It shows a surface water salinity of (psu) and deep water salinity of (psu) in its southern part (Lutze, 1965). The Mecklenburg Bight is separated from the Kiel Bight by the Fehmarn Belt and from the Arkona Sea by the Darss Sill. Here the salinity is (psu) in the surface water and (psu) in the deeper water (Niedermeyer et al., 1995). The Pomeranian Bight has contact to the Arkona Basin in the north and is a part of the Arkona Sea. The salinity of the surface water in the Arkona Basin and the Pomeranian Bight is about 8 (psu) (Niedermeyer et al., 1995). The deeper water of the Arkona Basin has

4 70 P. FRENZEL et al. a salinity of (psu) and shows a temperature of less than 10 C (Lutze, 1965). The sediments in the Kiel Bight area varied but are dominated by mud in the deeper parts of the Mecklenburg Bight and Arkona Basin (Lutze, 1965). Sands prevail in the shallower regions, with the exception of semi-enclosed lagoons and some estuaries where mud builds up the ground. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following list is based on papers given in the bibliography as well as our own observations (as yet unpublished) in and around the Mecklenburg and Pomeranian Bight. All documented foraminifers derive from superficial sediment (uppermost 1 2 cm in most cases) and were stained with Rose Bengal in general to distinguish between living individuals and empty tests. They were picked from dried residues mainly. Our own data set comprises about 160 stations checked for foraminifers between 1990 and 2004 and situated along the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. This material is still in investigation. The literature data give information for more than 1000 stations sampled mainly between the middle of the 1960s and 1990s. Hence, our picture of foraminiferal distribution is puzzled from different times and regions and gives a more general picture of the whole study area because of the temporal variability of environmental factors causing changing distribution patterns. Most information on allogromiids is from the second half of the 19th century and is urgently in need of revision. Our placement of the old taxa into a modern classification is an attempt only, based on descriptions and pictures from the literature. The naturalists of the 19th century used a different method of sampling than we did: They put glass plates into the coastal water or into aquaria filled with Baltic Sea water and then watched these plates for foraminifers and other protists attached to the surfaces. Calcium carbonate is highly soluble in the cold brackish water. Therefore, the fossilisation potential for calcareous foraminifers is limited. It depends strongly on sedimentation rates, bioturbation and the circulation and characteristics of the pore waters within the sediment (Jarke, 1961). Another problem is the redeposition of fossil and subfossil foraminiferal tests of mainly Late Cretaceous, Pleistocene and Holocene age. Whereas Late Cretaceous forms are easily recognizable, it is more difficult for Quaternary forms, especially those from the Holocene age. It may be that some of the very rare and less documented species are not living in the area today. CHECKLIST The abbreviations behind the species show their distribution along the German Baltic Sea coast: KB = Kiel Bight including Fehmarn Belt and part of Belt Sea, MB = Mecklenburg Bight up to the Darss Sill, PB = Pomeranian Bight up to the Darss Sill including southern Arkona Basin; dw = deep water (below the halocline), sw = shallow water (above the halocline), e = estuarine and semi-enclosed lagoons with

5 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 71 lowered salinity or salt marshes. Subfamilies are given only where species of different subfamilies within a family are present. Main taxa are figured in Figs 2 4. Order Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1830 Suborder Allogromiina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Family Lagynidae Schultze, 1854 Lagynis baltica Schultze, 1854 KB, sw? (locality not stated) Lagynis parvum Schulze, 1875a KB, MB, sw Lagynis truncata Schulze, 1875a KB, MB, sw Myxotheca arenilega Schaudinn, 1893 KB, dw Pilalla exigua Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw Schultzella stercomifera Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw Family Allogromiidae Rhumbler, 1904 Subfamily Allogromiinae Rhumbler, 1904 Lieberkuehnia gracilis (Möbius, 1889) KB, sw Allogromia ovoidea Rhumbler, 1904 KB, sw, dw Lithocolla globosa Schulze, 1874 KB, MB, sw? (locality not stated) Pleurophrys? lageniformis Schulze, 1875a KB, MB, sw Subfamily Shepheardellinae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 Shepheardella encommatophila Krumbiegel, 1928 KB, dw Subfamily Argillotubinae Avnimelech, 1952 Micatuba flexilis (Höglund, 1947) KB, e Suborder Astrorhizina Jivorec, 1953 Superfamily Astrorhizacea Brady, 1881 Family Astrorhizidae Brady, 1881 Subfamily Astrorhizinae Brady, 1881 Saccodendron heronalleni Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw Subfamily Vanhoeffenellinae Saidova, 1981 Amphifenestrella wiesneri Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw Vanhoeffenella gaussi Rhumbler, 1905 KB, dw Family Rhabdamminidae Brady, 1884 Rhizammina algaeformis nuda Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw Family Hippocrepinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 Hippocrepinella hirudinea Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932 KB, dw Family Psammoshaeridae Haeckel, 1894 Psammosphaera frankei (Rhumbler, 1935) KB, sw, e Psammosphaera fusca Schulze, 1875b KB, dw Psammosphaera sp. sensu Lehmann 2000 KB, e Family Saccamminidae Brady, 1884 Subfamily Saccammininae Brady, 1884 Ovammina opaca Dahlgren, 1962 KB, e Ovammina sp. sensu Lehmann 2000 KB, e Saccammina decorata (Earland, 1933) KB, dw Subfamily Thurammininae Miklukho-Maklay, 1963 Astrammina sphaerica (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932) KB, MB, PB, dw Leptodermella turbanica Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw (one specimen only!) Leptodermella sp. sensu Rottgardt 1952 KB, e Hippocrepinella virgulata Rhumbler, 1935 KB, dw (single specimen only!) Family Polysaccamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 Polysaccammina ipohalina Scott, 1976 KB, e Family Hemisphaeramminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 Subfamily Hemisphaerammininae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 Hemisphaerammina earlandi (Rhumbler, 1935) KB, dw

6 72 P. FRENZEL et al. Hemisphaerammina hemisphaerica (Jones, Parker & Brady) KB, dw (two specimens only!) Tholosina bulla (Brady, 1881) KB, sw, dw Tholosina protea Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932 KB, sw, e Tholosina vesicularis (Brady, 1879) KB, dw Subfamily Crithionininae Hofker, 1972 Crithionina heinckei Rhumbler; 1928 KB, dw Superfamily Hippocrepinacea Rhumbler, 1895 Family Hippocrepinidae Rhumbler, 1895 Subfamily Hyperammininae Eimer & Fickert, 1899 Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady, 1879) KB, dw Subfamily Hippocrepininae Rhumbler, 1895 Hippocrepina flexibilis (Wiesner, 1931) KB, MB, PB, dw Hippocrepina indivisa Parker, 1870 KB, dw (one specimen only!) Superfamily Ammodiscacea Reuss, 1862 Family Ammodiscidae Reuss, 1862 Ammodiscus rhumbleri Rottgardt, 1952 KB, sw, dw Ammodiscus slesvicus Rottgardt, 1952 KB, e Suborder Haplophragmiina Wedekind, 1937 Superfamily Rzehakinacea Cushman, 1933 Family Rzehakinidae Cushman, 1933 Miliammina fusca (Brady, 1870) KB, MB, PB, e, sw, (dw) Superfamily Hormosinacea Haeckel, 1894 Family Hormosinidae Nodulina dentaliniformis (Brady, 1881) KB, MB, PB, dw Reophax fusiformis (Williamson, 1858) KB, dw Reophax longicollis Wiesner, 1931 KB, dw (three specimens only!) Subreophax aduncus (Brady, 1882) KB, MB, dw Superfamily Lituolacea de Blainville, 1827 Family Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952 Haplophragmoides manilaensis Andersen, 1953 KB, MB, e Haplophragmoides wilberti Andersen, 1953 KB, MB, e Haplophragmoides bonplandi Todd & Brönnimann, 1957 KB, e Labrospira jeffreysii (Williamson, 1858) KB, e and PB, dw Trochamminita irregularis Cushman & Brönnimann, 1948 KB, e (rare) Family Discamminidae Mikhalevich, 1980 Ammoscalaria runiana (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1916) KB, MB, sw Family Lituolidae de Blainville, 1827 Ammotium cassis (Parker, 1870) KB, MB, dw Ammotium salsum (Cushman & Brönnimann, 1948) KB, MB, PB, e Superfamily Spiroplectamminidae Cushman, 1927 Family Spiroplectamminidae Cushman, 1927 Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker & Jones, 1865) KB, dw (a few specimens only) Suborder Trochamminina Schwager, 1877 Family Trochamminidae Schwager, 1877 Subfamily Trochammininae Schwager, 1877 Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808) KB, MB, e Trochammina nitida Brady, 1884 KB, e Subfamily Rotaliammininae Saidova, 1981 Rotaliammina ochracea (Williamson, 1858) KB, e, sw Tiphotrocha comprimata (Cushman & Brönnimann, 1948) KB, e

7 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 73 Fig. 2. Calcareous foraminifers from the German Baltic Sea coast. 1 Cribroelphidium incertum (Williamson, 1858), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 2 Cribroelphidium gunteri (Cole, 1931), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 3 Cribroelphidium excavatum (Terquem, 1875), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 4 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus, 1758), central Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 5 Ammonia batavus Hofker, 1951, southern Mecklenburg Bight, umbilical view; 6 Ophthalmina kilianensis Rhumbler, 1936, central Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 7 Cribroelphidium albiumbilicatum (Weiss, 1954), Wismar Bight, side view; 8 Cribroelphidium williamsoni (Haynes, 1973), Wismar Bight, side view; 9 Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg, 1840), Wismar Bight, side view; 10 C. albiumbilicatum, Wismar Bight, side view

8 74 P. FRENZEL et al. Fig. 3. Agglutinated foraminifers from the German Baltic Sea coast (part 1). 1, 2 Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808), 1: Salzhaff, spiral view; 2: Strelasund, umbilical view; 3 Jadammina polystoma (Bartenstein & Brand, 1938), Salzhaff, umbilical view; 4 Ammoscalaria runiana (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1916), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 5 Eggerelloides scabrus (Williamson, 1858), southern Arkona Basin, side view; 6 Haplophragmoides manilaensis Andersen, 1953, Salzhaff, side view; 7, 8 Balticammina pseudomacrescens Brönnimann, Lutze & Whittaker, 1989, 7: Strelasund, spiral view; 8: Warnow estuary at Rostock, umbilical view; 9 Haplophragmoides wilberti Andersen, 1953, oblique apertural view, Strelasund

9 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 75 Fig. 4. Agglutinated foraminifers from the German Baltic Sea coast (part 2). 1 Miliammina fusca (Brady, 1870), Strelasund, side view; 2 Astrammina sphaerica (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 3 Ammotium cassis (Parker, 1870), central Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 4 Nodulina dentaliniformis (Brady, 1881), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 5 Subreophax aduncus (Brady, 1882), southern Mecklenburg Bight, side view; 6, 7 Ammotium salsum (Cushman & Brönnimann, 1948), Strelasund, side view Subfamily Jadammininae Saidova, 1981 Balticammina pseudomacrescens Brönnimann, Lutze & Whittaker, 1989 KB, MB, PB, e Jadammina polystoma Bartenstein & Brand, 1938 KB, MB, e Subfamily Arenoparrellinae Saidova, 1981 Arenoparrella mexicana (Kornfeld, 1931) KB, e Suborder Textulariina Delage et Hérouard, 1986 Superfamily Textulariacea Ehrenberg, 1838 Family Eggerellidae Cushman, 1937 Eggerelloides scabrus (Williamson, 1858) KB, MB, dw Martinottiella gracilis (Cushman & Brönnimann, 1948) KB (without location) Suborder Spirillinina Hohenegger & Piller, 1975 Family Spirillinidae Reuss & Fritsch, 1861 Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg, 1843 KB, sw Suborder Miliolina Delage & Hérouard, 1896 Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854

10 76 P. FRENZEL et al. Family Cornuspiridae Schultze, 1854 Cornuspira involvens (Reuss, 1850) KB, sw (single specimen only) Family Fischerinidae Millett, 1898 Glomulina fistulescens Rhumbler, 1936 KB, dw (a few specimens only) Family Ophthalmidiidae Wiesner, 1920 Ophthalmina kilianensis Rhumbler, 1936 KB, dw, sw; MB, dw Superfamily Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839 Family Spiroloculinidae Spiroluculina hyalina Schulze, 1875a KB, e, sw; MB, e Family Hauerinidae Schwager, 1876 Subfamily Hauerininae Schwager, 1876 Pateoris hauerinoides (Rhumbler, 1936) KB, dw Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus, 1758) KB, MB, dw Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu, 1803) KB, dw Subfamily Miliolinellinae Vella, 1957 Miliolinella labiosa (d Orbigny, 1839) KB, sw Triloculina circularis Rhumbler, 1936 KB, dw Triloculina oblonga (Montagu, 1803) KB, e Subfamily Sigmoilinitinae Luczkowska, 1974 Sigmoilina sigmoidea (Brady, 1884) KB, dw (rare) Suborder Lagenina Delage & Hérouard, 1896 Superfamily Nodosariacea Ehrenber, 1838 Family Polymorphinidae d Orbigny, 1839 Globulina gibba d Orbigny, 1825 KB, dw Guttulina lactea (Walker& Jacob, 1798) KB, dw Guttulina spicaeformis? (Roemer, 1838) KB, dw (a few specimens only) Pyrulina thouini (d Orbigny) KB, dw (one specimen only!) Family Glandulinidae Reuss, 1860 Subfamily Glandulininae Reuss, 1860 Laryngosigma hyalascidea Loeblich & Tappan, 1953 KB, MB, dw Subfamily Entolingulininae Saidova, 1981 Entolingulina sp. KB, sw Suborder Rotaliina Delage & Hérouard, 1896 Superfamily Buliminacea Jones, 1875 Family Buliminellidae Hofker, 1951 Buliminella elegantissima (d Orbigny, 1838) KB, dw (one mention only) Superfamily Discorbacea Ehrenberg, 1838 Family Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963 Rosalina sp. A sensu Lutze 1974 KB, sw Superfamily Planorbulinacea Schwager, 1877 Family Cibicididae Cushman, 1927 Lobatula vulgaris Fleming, 1828 KB, dw Superfamily Asterigerinacea d Orbigny, 1839 Family Asterigerinatidae Reiss, 1963 Eoeponidella pulchella (Parker, 1952) KB, sw Superfamily Nonionacea Schultze, 1854 Family Nonionidae Schultze, 1854 Haynesina depressula (Walker & Jakob, 1798) KB, MB, PB, e (determination uncertain!) Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg, 1840) MB, sw Superfamily Rotaliacea Ehrenberg, 1839 Family Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1839 Ammonia batavus Hofker, 1951 KB, MB, sw, e; PB, sw

11 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 77 Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus, 1758) KB, MB, dw Family Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933 Cribroelphidium albiumbilicatum (Weiss, 1954) KB, MB, dw, sw, e; PB, dw, sw Cribroelphidium asklundi (Brotzen, 1946) KB, MB, PB, sw, (dw) Cribroelphidium excavatum (Terquem, 1875) KB, MB, PB, sw (f. selseyensis), dw (f. clavatum) Cribroelphidium gerthi (Voorthuysen, 1957) KB, MB, sw Cribroelphidium gunteri (Cole, 1931) MB, PB, sw, e Cribroelphidium incertum (Williamson, 1858) KB, dw, sw; MB, PB, dw Cribroelphidium williamsoni (Haynes, 1973) KB, MB, PB, sw, e DIVERSITY There are 96 reported species of foraminifers in the German sector of the Baltic Sea. A slight decrease in the total number of species could be noted after a critical evaluation of older taxa, especially those reported and described by Rhumbler (1935, 1936). The diversity (Fisher index) of single stations lies mostly below 1 and does not exceed 2. The salinity gradient running from the west to the east in the southern Baltic Sea causes a similar diversity and abundance trend within the foraminiferal fauna (see Table 1 and Fig. 5). There are 94 species living in shallow and deeper water along the coast of Schleswig-Holstein in the west and only 33 species at the coast of Mecklenburg Bight and even fewer (15 species) in the Arkona basin and Pomeranian Bight in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in the east. The highest number of species can be found in the deeper water, where higher salinity values and relatively stable environmental conditions occur (Table 1). The shallow water of the open sea and Table 1 Number of known foraminiferal species from the three different regions as well as different environments within the study area (given as: agglutinated species + calcareous species = total number of species) Environment Kiel Bight and Fehmarn Belt Mecklenburg Bight Pomeranian Bight and Arkona basin Total Deep water = =15 5+4= =52 Shallow water = =14 1+6= =31 Estuaries 23 +6=29 7+6=13 3+3=6 24+6=30 Total = = = =96 The calculation is based on the presented bibliography and, in addition to this, on our as yet unpublished distribution data on the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Deep water means habitats below the halocline in the open Baltic Sea and its straits. Shallow water describes localities above the halocline, normally nearshore. The class Estuaries includes localities within the estuaries and in semi-enclosed lagoons along the coast. We regard the Darss sill as the border between the Mecklenburg Bight and the region of the Arkona Basin and Pomeranian Bight, the Fehmarn Belt as the border between the Kiel and the Mecklenburg Bight

12 78 P. FRENZEL et al. Fig. 5. Mean abundance and species number of total (living + dead) foraminiferal associations from the shallow water (<2 m) of the Mecklenburg Bight (our own observations). Only stations with foraminifera are considered (except salinity class 0 3). N shows the number of stations. The salinity classes are given in psu. The range class is represented by samples close to 18 only the estuaries, lagoons and salt marshes shows a similar number of species. There are only a few species common to both deep and shallow water, pointing to distinctly different environmental conditions related to the strong salinity gradient. The agglutinated species are in general dominant in abundance as already reported by Lutze (1965) and Brodniewicz (1965). However, they show a decreasing proportion of species with decreasing salinity. On the other hand, the estuaries and salt marshes are characterized by a higher proportion of agglutinated taxa (Fig. 6). This is probably caused by high carbonate dissolution rates in those sediments very rich in organic matter. Two species were found at the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in the east only: Haynesina germanica and Cribroelphidium gunteri which are missing in the Kiel Bight area. We suppose that both species were misinterpreted in the west so far. There are several published reports of Haynesina depressula, which could be H. germanica instead. C. gunteri is rare in our samples and may have been misinterpreted in the Kiel Bight area as C. williamsoni, which is much more abundant and is normally associated with C. gunteri. We can state a general decrease of foraminiferal species number along the salinity gradient to the east and without species restricted to these eastern regions. Associations Main taxa in the oligohaline to lower mesohaline salinity range of the German coast are Miliammina fusca, Cribroelphidium williamsoni and trochamminids. The principal factor affecting their distribution is the character of the substrate. Trochamminids are typically found in phytal habitats and in sediment with plant detri-

13 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 79 Fig. 6. Proportion of agglutinated species within all foraminiferal species of the distinguished habitats respectively regions within the German sector of the Baltic Sea. The upper classes (broken line with squares) show the different habitats, the lower classes (solid line with circles) show the three regions. The salinity for both graphs is characterized by decreasing salinity values tus cover. M. fusca lives on sediment stations and is the most abundant foraminiferal species of the shallow water in general. The lowermost documented salinity limit for the foraminifers is about 5 (psu) in the study area we found living (stained) trochamminids and C. williamsoni in the Barther Bodden in a reed fringe. In detail Lehmann (2000) described the foraminifers of a salt marsh in the Bottsand lagoon, Schleswig-Holstein. He found a special fauna, with Trochammina inflata, Haplophragmoides manilaensis, M. fusca and Tiphotrocha comprimata as the most abundant species. The shallow water above the halocline in the open Baltic Sea is dominated by Cribroelphidium excavatum f. selseyensis in the Kiel and Mecklenburg Bight. Other abundant taxa are C. albiumbilicatum/asklundi, M. fusca and Haynesina germanica, the latter at least in the Mecklenburg Bight. The substrate of the open Baltic Sea below the halocline is settled mainly by Ammotium cassis and Cribroelphidium excavatum f. clavatum. Other important species are Cribroelphidium incertum and Nodulina dentaliniformis. Under higher salinity conditions, Eggerelloides scabrus plays an important role, too. Murray (1991) distinguishes eight principal associations typical for lagoons and estuaries and five marsh associations at the European Atlantic coast based on literature data. Five of these associations are also found in the Baltic Sea (Table 2). Two additional associations are documented by Lutze (1965) and are listed by Murray (1991) as minor associations (Table 2). The lower salinity limit of the E. williamsoni and M. fusca associations does not seem to apply to the inner Baltic Sea. They could not be found below 5 (psu). This may be because the higher salinity levels necessary for reproduction are not reached in this microtidal environment during hydrographical variation.

14 80 P. FRENZEL et al. Table 2 Foraminiferal associations of the inner Baltic Sea arranged in order of increasing continental character of habitats. The values and habitat descriptions are from Murray (1991) and Lutze (1965) respectively. The associated species are from Lutze (1965) and own observations Salinity Water Temperature No. Association Associated species Described by range depth range [ C] (psu) [m] 1 Ammotium cassis Eggerelloides scabrus Cribroelphidium albiumbilicatum " Reophax " (Nodulina dentaliniformis) Cribroelphidium excavatum Cribroelphidium williamsoni Miliammina fusca Balticammina pseudomacrescens 9 Trochammina inflata Cribroelphidium excavatum f. clavata, Cribroelphidium incertum, Nodulina dentaliniformis, Ammoscalaria runiana, Egerella scabra, Haynesina germanica Cribroelphidium excavatum f. clavata, Ammotium cassis, Ammoscalaria runiana, Cribroelphidium incertum, Haynesina germanica Cribroelphidium excavatum f. clavata, Nodulina dentaliniformis Ammotium cassis, Cribroelphidium excavatum f. clavata, Cribroelphdium albiumbilicatum Cribroelphidium incertum, Ammonia batavus, Haynesina germanica Miliammina fusca, Ammonia batavus, Jadammina polystoma, Trochammina inflata, Cribroelphidium excavatum f. selseyensis Cribroelphidium excavatum f. selseyensis, C. williamsoni, Ammotium salsum, Ammonia batavus, Trochammina inflata Cribroelphidum williamsoni, Trochammina inflata Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Cribroelphidium williamsoni, Miliammina fusca Murray, 1991 Lutze, 1965(minor associations in Murray, 1991) Murray, Substrat sediments rich in organic matter sand and mud sediment >15 mud < <2 sediments and algae silty to sandy sediment and phytal silt brackish muddy silts salt rich in marsh plants debris

15 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 81 Some associations from Murray s (1991) compilation and missing from our study area need higher salinities as given in the southern Baltic Sea, which explains their absence. Exceptions are his Ammonia beccarii association and his Haynesina germanica association. Both species occur in the study area but are not dominating. Subfossil associations of Holocene Litorina stage sediments from the Isle of Usedom (Pomeranian Bight), the Strelasund (a strait between the Isle of Rügen and the mainland of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) and Rosenhof (close to the Fehmarn Belt) show assemblages with dominating A. beccarii and H. germanica. The accompanying fauna reflects higher salinity conditions than today. We suppose that both species are not dominating today because of the low salinity, which is relatively stable in comparison with macrotidal environments (cf. higher salinity minimum for E. williamsoni and M. fusca as given above). The pattern of foraminiferal distribution in the inner Baltic Sea is not found within the general models of foraminiferal distribution in estuaries and lagoons given by Debenay et al. (2000) because they did not incorporate temperate microtidal brackish water environments. Concluding, we state that the foraminiferal associations of the Baltic Sea are representative for marginal marine brackish water environments and comparable with associations from such environments but show a special situation caused by the microtidal reaction of a large restricted water body. Outlook The distribution of foraminifers in the Baltic Sea is better known in the west. Concerning the east, our knowledge is scarce. We need more data about their distribution in the study area, especially in the Pomeranian Bight. A look into the older literature confirms the occurrence of species of Allogromiina in our region. However, the taxonomy is confused and based on only a few localities. This is due to the fact that most earlier studies were carried out by palaeontologists, more interested in hard tests than soft parts. Most allogromiids collapse when dried. A taxonomic review and further studies are necessary. Taxonomical work is also needed on Rotaliidae. This includes the discrimination between morphologically similar species as well as the higher systematics of this group with classical and molecular phylogenetic work. Acknowledgements We thank G. F. Lutze (Kiel) for unpublished taxonomic notes on the foraminifers from the Kiel Bight and P. Derrick (University of Waikato) for correcting our manuscript. We warmly appreciate helpful comments by the reviewers Emanuelle Geslin (Angers), Jaros³aw Tyszka (Kraków), and Michael A. Kaminski (London). The first author was supported with a sponsorship by the DBU (German Federal Environmental Foundation) within the focus The southern Baltic Sea and its coasts in change.

16 82 P. FRENZEL et al. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES The following bibliography includes the selected annotated references from our text as well as all papers published on Recent Foraminiferida from the German sector of the Baltic Sea. Bartholdy, J., Leipe, T., Frenzel, P., Tauber, F. & Bahlo, R., High resolution Single Partcile Analysis: A new tool to investigate the mineral composition of agglutinated foraminifera. Studia Geologica Polonica, 124: 53 65, 1 fig., 5 tabs, 1 pl; Kraków. [N. dentaliniformis from the Mecklenburg Bight, wall analysis] Brodniewicz, I., Recent and some Holocene Foraminifera of the southern Baltic Sea. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 10 (2): , 34 figs, 2 tabs, 11 pls; Warszawa. [monographic work on foraminifers from the Polish coast and adjacent areas, about ten stations at the eastern margin of our study area; Reophax hoeglundi n. sp., Reophax mankowskii n. sp., Elphidium kozlowskii n. sp.] Brönnimann, P., Lutze, G. F. & Whittaker, J. E., Balticammina pseudomacrescens, a new brackish water trochamminid from the western Baltic Sea, with remarks on the wall structure. Meyniana, 41: , 3 pls; Kiel. [describes Balticammina pseudomacrescens n. sp. from a lagoon of the Kiel Bight] Debenay, J.-P., Guillou, J.-J., Redois, F. & Geslin, E., Distribution trends of foraminiferal assemblages in paralic environments : A Base for Using Foraminifera as Bioindicators. In: Martin, R. E. (ed.), Environmental Micropaleontology, Kluwer Academics/Plenum Publishers, New York etc.: 40 67, 8 figs, 2 tabs. [no Baltic Sea] Frenzel, P., Faunenverteilung in den Oberflächensedimenten des Greifswalder Boddens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ostrakoden. In: Niedermeyer, R.-O. (ed.), Holozäne Sedimentationsgeschichte und rezente Sedimentdynamik im Bereich der südlichen Arkonasee und benachbarter Boddengewässer. Unpublished research report: 34 41, 4 figs; Greifswald. [short list of foraminifers from surface sediments of a lagoon, later published in Frenzel, 1996] Frenzel, P., Rezente Faunenverteilung in den Oberflächensedimenten des Greifswalder Boddens (südliche Ostsee) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ostrakoden. Senckenbergiana maritima, 27 (1/2): 11 31, 9 figs, 3 tabs, 2 pls; Frankfurt am Main. [total associations from surface sediments of a lagoon, distribution] Frenzel, P., in press: Ostrakoden und Foraminiferen im Strelasund und Kubitzer Bodden. Meer und Museum, pp., 4 figs, 4 pls; Stralsund. [based on Frenzel & Oertel 2002 and two additional stations as well as subfossil material] Frenzel, P. & Oertel, P., Die rezenten Ostrakoden und Foraminiferen des Strelasundes. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge, 11: 23 37, 4 figs, 2 tabs, 1 pl.; Rostock. [total associations from surface sediments, distribution] Frenzel, P. & Tech, T., Foraminifers at the autecological limit: A marine group of protists in low salinity brackish water of the northeastern coast of Germany. 97. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, Abstractband: 130; Rostock. [abstract for a poster] Gerlach, S. A., Checkliste der Fauna der Kieler Bucht und eine Bibliographie zur Biologie und Ökologie der Kieler Bucht. In: Die Biodiversität in der deutschen Nord- und Ostsee, Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde Koblenz: 376 pp., 2 tabs. [checklist for the Kiel Bight] Grabert, B., Zur Eignung von Foraminiferen als Indikatoren für Sandwanderung. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 24: 1 14, 8 figs, 2 tables; Hamburg. [redeposition of trochamminids and E. scabra in a lagoon of the Kiel Bight] Grobe, H. & Fütterer, D., Zur Fragmentierung benthischer Foraminiferen in der Kieler Bucht (westliche Ostsee). Meyniana, 33: 85 99, 2 figs, 2 pls; Kiel. [test destruction of Cribroelphidium spp. and O. kilianensis from an area in the Kiel Bight] Haake, F. W., Zum Jahresgang von Populationen einer Foraminiferen-Art in der westlichen Ostsee. Meyniana, 17: 13 27, 20 figs, 2 pls; Kiel. [population dynamics of C. excavatum from three stations in the Kiel Bight] Heeger, T., Virus-like particles and cytopathological effects in Elphidium excavatum clavatum,

17 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 83 a benthic foraminiferan. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 4: ; Oldendorf/Luhe. [pathology of a foraminifer from the Kiel Bight] Heeger, T., Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Ernährungsbiologie benthischer Foraminiferen. Berichte Sonderforschungsbereich 313 Universität Kiel, 21: 139 pp.; Kiel. [Histological studies on C. excavatum from the Kiel Bight] Hermelin, J. O., Distribution of Holocene benthic foraminifera in the Baltic Sea. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 17 (1): 62 73, 7 figs, 2 tabs, 1 plt.; Washington, DC. [Swedish coast only] Hiltermann, H., Zur Methodik, Brackwasser-Sedimente zu erkennen und zu unterscheiden. Facies, 12: , 1 fig., 3 tables; Erlangen. [restudy of results by Rottgardt, 1952, on foraminiferal distribution in estuaries and bays in eastern Schleswig-Holstein] Jaeckel, S. G. A., Die Tierwelt der Schlei. Übersicht einer Brackwasserfauna. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein, 33: 11 32; Kiel. [lists thecamoebians and one foraminifer] Jarke, J., Beobachtungen über Kalkauflösung an Schalen von Mikrofossilien in Sedimenten der südlichen Ostsee. Deutsche hydrographische Zeitschrift, 14: 6 11, 1 plt.; Hamburg. [destruction of foraminiferal tests within sediments of the Kiel Bight] Kreisel, K. & Leipe, T., Zum Vorkommen rezenter benthischer Foraminiferen im Greifswalder Bodden. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 38 (1-2): , 1 fig., 1 tab., 3 pls; Greifswald. [total associations from surface sediments of a lagoon, distribution] Krumbiegel, I., Notiz über Shepheardella encommatophila, ein neues Foraminifer der Kieler Bucht. Archiv für Protistenkunde, 60: , 4 figs; Jena. [Shepheardella encommatophila n. sp. from a locality in the Kiel Bight] Lass, H. U. & Margaard, L., Wasserstandsschwankungen und Seegang. In: Rheinheimer, G. (ed.). Meereskunde der Ostsee (2nd edition). Springer Berlin etc.: 68 74, 2 figs [no foraminifers] Lehmann, G., Vorkommen, Populationsentwicklung, Ursache fleckenhafter Besiedlung und Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Foraminiferen in Salzwiesen und Flachwasser der Nord- und Ostseeküste Schleswig-Holsteins. PhD thesis, University of Kiel: 220 pp., 87 figs, 13 tables, 6 pls; Kiel. [ecology, distribution patterns, population dynamics and reproduction of salt marsh foraminifers from a locality in the Kiel Bight] Linke, P., Biomasse und Stoffwechsel-Leistungen benthischer Foraminiferen. Unpublished Diploma thesis, University of Kiel: 110 pp.; Kiel. [physiology of foraminifers from Kiel Bight] Linke, P., Lebendbeobachtungen und Untersuchungen des Energiestoffwechsels benthischer Foraminiferen aus dem Europäischen Nordmeer. Berichte aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 313, Universität Kiel, 18: 123 pp., 18 figs, 17 tabs, 2 pls; Kiel. [physiology and behavour studies on foraminifers from one station in the Kiel Bight] Linke, P. & Lutze, G. F., Microhabitat preferences of benthic foraminifera a static concept or a dynamic adaptation to optimize food acquisition? Marine Micropaleontology, 20: , 1 fig., 4 plts; Amsterdam. [microhabitats of elphidiids from Kiel Bight] Lukashina, N., Stratigraphy of sediments of the Baltic Sea and Kattegat by foraminifers and paleoceanography. Baltica, 13: 3 7, 5 figs; Vilnius. [mentions planktic foraminifers in surface sediments of a core from the Arkona basin] Lutze, G. F., Zum Färben rezenter Foraminiferen. Meyniana, 14: 43 47, 1 fig.; Kiel. [staining method for foraminifers with examples from the Kiel Bight] Lutze, G. F., Zur Foraminiferen-Fauna in der Ostsee. Meyniana, 15: , 32 figs, 15 pls [gives an exhaustive overview about foraminifers from the Kiel Bight area and the basins of the central Baltic Sea, dead and living fauna, quantitative data on distribution, taxonomy, ecology] Lutze, G. F., 1968a. Jahresgang der Foraminiferen-Fauna in der Bottsand-Lagune (westliche Ostsee). Meyniana, 18: 13 31, 21 figs, 1 table, 1 plt.; Kiel. [associations and populations dynamics of foraminifers from a lagoon in the Kiel Bight area] Lutze, G. F. 1968b. Siedlungs-Strukturen rezenter Foraminiferen. Meyniana, 18: 31 34, 8 figs, 1 table; Kiel. [patchiness of foraminiferal distribution in two areas of the Kiel Bight]

18 84 P. FRENZEL et al. Lutze, G. F., Foraminiferen der Kieler Bucht (westliche Ostsee): 1. Hausgartengebiet des Sonderforschungsbereiches 95 der Universität Kiel. Meyniana, 26: 9 22, 14 figs; Kiel. [foraminiferal associations and production in an area of the Kiel Bight] Lutze, G. F., Mackensen, A. & Wefer, G., Foraminiferen der Kieler Bucht. 2. Salinitätsansprüche von Eggerella scabra (Williamson). Meyniana, 35: 55 65, 6 figs; Kiel. [salinity dependent distribution of E. scabra within the Kiel Bight] Matthäus, W., 1996a. Temperatur, Salzgehalt und Dichte. In: Rheinheimer, G. (ed.), Meereskunde der Ostsee (2nd edition). Springer Berlin etc.: 75 81, 3 figs [no foraminifers] Matthäus, W., 1996b. Ozeanographische Besonderheiten. In: Lozán, J. E., Lampe, R., Matthäus, W., Rachor, E., Rumohr, H. & Westernhagen, H. von (eds), Warnsignale aus der Ostsee. Wissenschaftliche Fakten. Parey, Berlin: 17 24, 6 figs [no foraminifers] Möbius, Bruchstücke einer Rhizopodenfauna der Kieler Bucht. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1888: 1 31, pl. 5 9; Berlin. [describes foraminifera from Kiel harbour and Kiel Bight; Gromia gracilis n. sp.] Murray, J. W., Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Foraminifera. Longman Scientific & Technical, John Wiley & Sons Essex, New York: 379 pp., 124 figs, 121 tables, 4 plts [overview on foraminifer associations from the Baltic Sea based on literature data] Niedermeyer, R.-O., Werner, F. & Janke, W., Die heutige Ostsee und ihre südwestliche Küste. In: Duphorn, K., Kliewe, H., Niedermeyer, R.-O., Janke, W. & Werner, F. (eds), Die deutsche Ostseeküste. Sammlung Geologischer Führer, 88, Gebr. Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart: 51 90, 21 figs, 1 table. [refer to some data of Lutze 1965 and 1974] Otto, G., Die Fauna der Enteromorphazone der Kieler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 1: 1 48, 19 figs; Kiel. [mentions three foraminiferal species from Entoromorpha of a locality in the Kiel Bight] Remane, A., Ökologie des Brackwassers. In: Remane, A. & Schlieper, C., Die Biologie des Brackwassers. Die Binnengewässer, 22, E. Schweizerbart sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart: 1 216, 81 figs [refers to data from Rottgardt 1952 on salinity dependent distribution of foraminifers] Remane, A. & Schlieper, C., Biology of Brackish Water. Die Binnengewässer, 25, Schweizerbart sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart: 372 pp., 139 figs, 43 tables. [general remarks on distribtion of foraminifers in the western Baltic Sea] Resig, J. M., Untersuchungen zur Kalkauflösung an rezenten Foraminiferen der Ostsee. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Kiel; 72 pp.; Kiel. [test dissolution] Rhumbler, L., Amoebozoa et Reticulosa (Foraminifera). Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 2 (1). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig: 26 pp. [lists all foraminifers known from the Baltic, describes Crithionina heinckei sp. nov.] Rhumbler, L., Rhizopoden der Kieler Bucht, gesammelt durch A. Remane, I. Teil. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein, 21: , 1 fig., 9 plts; Kiel. [describes foraminifers from the Kiel Bight area and its estuaries, incl. new taxa: Pilalla exigua gen. et sp. nov., Hippocrepinella remanei sp. nov. with some new forms, H. virgulata sp. nov., H. ampullacea sp. nov., Webbinella earlandi sp. nov., Tholosina marginiforata sp. nov., T. centroforata sp. nov., T. bulla appressa f. nov., Psamella frankei gen. et sp. nov. with two new forms, Amphifenestrella wiesneri gen. et sp. nov., Vanhoeffenella gaussi imperfecta forma nov., five new forms of Armorella sphaerica, Saccodendron heronalleni gen. et sp. nov. with two new forms, three new forms of Psammosphaera fusca Schulze, 1875b, Leptodermella nom. nov., Leptodermella turbanica sp. nov., Proteonina longicollis minor f. nov., Rhizammina algaeformis nuda f. nov.] Rhumbler, L., Foraminiferen der Kieler Bucht, gesammelt durch A. Remane, II. Teil. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 1: , 120 figs; Kiel. [describes many foraminiferal taxa from the Kiel Bight, new are three forms of Reophax dentaliniformis, Guttulina spicaeformis baltica forma nov., Parrina bradyi fistulata nom. nov., Glomulina fistulescens sp. nov., Miliammina oblonga sabulosa f. nov., Miliammina fusca subterranea f. nov., Ophthalmina kilianensis gen. et sp. nov. including three new forms, Quinqueloculina subrotunda var. hauerinoides var. nov., Triloculina

19 BALTIC FORAMINIFERA 85 circularis var. elinguis nom. nov., Triloculina circularis var. linguata nov., Verneuilina scabra inornata f. nov.] Rhumbler, L., Amoebozoa et Reticulosa (Foraminifera). In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (eds), Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 2 (1). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Becker & Erler Leipzig: 1 25, 39 figs [reviewed reedition of Rhumbler 1928, lists all foraminifers known from the Baltic] Richter, W., Besiedlungsexperimente zur benthischen Karbonatproduktion vor Bokniseck (westliche Ostsee). Unpublished Diploma thesis, University of Kiel: 93 pp.; Kiel. [colonization of substrates by foraminifers in a Kiel Bight locality] Rottgardt, D., Mikropaläontologisch wichtige Bestandteile recenter brackischer Sedimente an den Küsten Schleswig-Holsteins. Meyniana, 1: , 21 figs, 3 pls; Kiel. [foraminiferal distribution in the Kiel Bight and its estuaries, description of associations and foraminiferal species, new taxa are Ammodiscus slesvicus n. sp. and A. rhumbleri n. sp.] Röttger, R., Benthische Foraminiferen (Nord- und Ostsee). In: Röttger, R. (ed.), Praktikum der Protozoologie. Gustav Fischer Stuttgart: , 2 pls [general remarks on foraminiferal species from the western Baltic Sea and methods to study those] Sahrhage, H., Über Bodenprotozoen der Kieler Bucht. PhD thesis, University of Kiel: 115 pp., 5 plts; Kiel. [list of foraminifers from the Kiel Bight based on Möbius 1889] [Saidova, Kh. M.] Ñàèäîâà, Õ. Ì., Ñîâðåìåííûå áèîöåíîçû áåíòîñíûõ ôîðàìèíèôåð, ñòðàòèãðàôèÿ è ïàëåîãåîãðàôèÿ ãîëîöåíà Áàëòèéñêîãî ìîpÿ ïî ôîðàìèíèôåðàì [Recent biocenoses of benthic foraminifers, stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Holocene in the Baltic Sea by foraminifers]. In: [Lisitsyn, A. P. & Emelyanov, E. M.] Ëèñèöûí, À. Ï. & Åìåëüÿíîâ Å. Ì. (eds), Îñàäêîîáðàçîâàíèå â Áàëòèéñêîì ìîðå [Sediment formation in the Baltic Sea]. Nauka, Moskva: , 9 figs [overview on distribution of foraminifers and their associations based on Lutze 1965 and stations from the Pomeranian Bight and the Arkona Basin at the German coast; in Russian] [Saidova, Kh. M.] Ñàèäîâà, Õ. Ì., Áèîöåíîçû áåíòîñíûõ ôîðàìèíèôåð Áàëòèéñêîãî ìîðÿ è óñëîâèÿ èõ çàõîðîíåíèÿ [Biocenoses of benthic foraminifers from the Baltic Sea and their fossilisation]. In: [Zhuze, A.] Æóçå, À. (ed.), Ìîðñêàÿ Ìèêðîïàëåîíòîëîãèÿ [Marine Micropalaeontology]. Nauka, Moskva: , 4 figs. [overview on distribution of foraminifers and their associations based on Lutze (1965) and Saidova (1981)] Schulze, F. E., Rhizopodenstudien II. Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie, 10: , plt ; Bonn. [describes new foraminifers from an estuary at Mecklenburg Bight, Lithocolla globosa nov. gen. et spec. and Actinolophus pedunculatus gen. et sp. n.] Schulze, F. E., 1875a. Rhizopodenstudien III. Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie, 11: , plt. 5 7; Bonn. [describes new foraminifers from water sampled probably at and from the Mecklenburg Bight directly: Platoum parvum gen. et sp. n., Pleurophrys compressa nov. spec., P. lageniformis nov. spec., Spiroloculina hyalina nov. spec.] Schulze, F. E., 1875b. Rhizopoden. Jahresbericht der Commission zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der deutschen Meere in Kiel für die Jahre 1872, 1873: ; Berlin. [describes a new foraminifer from the Baltic Sea, Psammosphaera fusca nov. spec.] Schultze, M. S., Über den Organismus der Polythalamien (Foraminiferen), nebst Bemerkungen über die Rhizopoden im Allgemeinen. Leipzig Wilhelm Engelmann. [describes Lagynis baltica gen. et sp. n. from the Baltic Sea] Sick, F., Die Fauna der Meeresstrandtümpel des Bottsandes (Kieler Bucht). Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Abteilung B, 2: 54 96, 5 figs, 14 tabs; Leipzig. [short list of foraminifers from small brackish water bodies] Stammer, H. J., Die Fauna der Ryckmündung, eine Brackwasserstudie. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 11 (1/2): , 15 figs; Berlin. [occurrence of Nonionia depressula (probably C. albiumbilicatum) within a small estuary and the lagoon Greifswalder Bodden] Stuck, S., Faunistisch-ökologische Untersuchung an zwei Vibrokern-Profilen aus dem Seegebiet der prärezenten Oder-Rinne vor Ost-Rügen (Pommersche Bucht). Unpublished students report, University of Greifswald: 32 pp., 1 fig., 23 tabs, 3 pls; Greifswald. [foraminiferal tests from

20 86 P. FRENZEL et al. surface sediments of two stations in the Pomeranian Bight] Wefer, G., 1976a. Umwelt, Produktion und Sedimentation benthischer Foraminiferen in der westlichen Ostsee. Reports Sonderforschungsbereich 95, 14: 103 pp., 31 figs, 26 tabs, 1 pl.; Kiel. [detailed investigation of foraminiferal associations in an area in the Kiel Bight, distribution, microhabitats, ecology, production, preservation] Wefer, G., 1976b. Environmental effects on growth rates of benthic foraminifera (shallow water, Baltic Sea). Maritime Sediments, special publication, 1(Ist International symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera of Continental Margins, Part A, Ecology and Biology): 39 50, 7 figs; [data on distribution, reproduction, growth and mortality of foraminifers from a locality in the Kiel Bight] Wefer, G. & Lutze, G. F., Benthic Foraminifera biomass production in the Western Baltic. Kieler Meeresforschungen, Sonderheft, 3: 76 82, 3 figs, 3 tabs; Kiel. [biomass and production data for foraminifers from an area in the Kiel Bight, differentiated for several species] Wefer, G. & Lutze, G. F., Carbonate production by benthic Foraminifera and accumulation in the western Baltic. Limnology and Oceanography, 23: , 1 fig., 2 tabs; Lawrence, Kansas. [production data for foraminifers from an area in the Kiel Bight] Wefer, G. & Richter, W., Colonization of artificial substrates by Foraminifera. Kieler Meeresforschungen, Sonderheft, 3: 72 75, 2 figs; Kiel. [colonization experiment with foraminifers in the Kiel Bight] Weinholz, P., Auswertung mikropaläontologischer Datensätze aus der Kieler Bucht. Teil 2. Unpublished diploma thesis, University of Kiel: 99 pp., 32 figs, 2 tabs; Kiel. [overview of foraminiferal distribution in the Kiel Bight area]