Contents of Lecture. Basic Backgrounds. GIS Definition. Basic Backgrounds: GIS Role

Transcription

1 Introduction to Geographic Information ystems Lecture 1: hat is GI? Instructor: unhee ang Department of Geography Minnesota tate University, Mankato Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Geography 373 Fall, 2006 Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Contents of Lecture Backgrounds Definitions & Overviews of GI Implementations of GI Applications of GI GI Job Markets GI Future Basic Backgrounds ince mid-1970s, specialized computer system developed to process geographical data Technologies to input data, converting data to digital form, for storing data Methods for automated analysis of data to search patterns, to make measurements, find optimal sites or routes The collective name for such system is called GI Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Basic Backgrounds: GI Role To distinguish one place from another To track what is happening at any place To make decisions for one place that are appropriate for that location To provide essential tools for effective planning in the modern society GI Definition GI:Geographic Information ystems (ciences) A computer system for storing, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced data patial data: has spatial component Almost everything on the arth can be referenced by latitude and longitude (x, y coordinates) A digital representation of the earth s surface (a site, region or country) that can be used to describe landscape features (roads, boundaries, mountains, rivers) and can support analysisof these features A special case of information systems Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

2 Geographic Information ystems GI Power Geographic arth + Geographic pace arth: all data in the system are pertinent to arth s features and resources including human activities Geographic space: the commonality of both the data and the problems is geography (location, distribution, pattern, and relationship within a specific geographic reference) Information Knowledge of geographic space Data -> information-> knowledge ystems oftware + Hardware component Linking software, hardware, data Changjoo Kim 8/28/ For example, GI combines layers of information about a place to give a better understanding of that place. A bridge between real world and computer Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Components GI Components GI Data Technology People Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Data ords, charts, graphs, tables, maps, images, GP 2. Technology Hardware & oftware 3. People GI Users Data Creators and Managers (GI technicians): Data Input/Data Modeling, Database Management Data Users (GI analyst, patial data users): Data analysis, manipulation, visualization Therefore data, technology, people itself is not GI Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Data GI combines data from many sources GI Functions Data Input : patial, Attribute data scanner, digitizer, GP, keyboard Data torage database Data Analysis Data Output printer, plotter Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

3 GI Operations GI Applications patial data input Attribute data management Data display Data exploration Data analysis GI analysis GI modeling Visualization Overlay (Figure 1) Mapping (Figure 6, 5) 3D Mapping (Figure 13) Analysis hortest path (Figure 4) Buffering (Figure 7) Query (Figure 12) Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Applications: Transportation GI Applications: nvironment Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Applications: Geology GI Applications: atural cience Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

4 GI Applications: nvironmental Monitor GI Applications: Business Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Applications: Demographic Model GI Applications: GP Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI Applications: imulation GI Uniqueness The ability of GI to handle and process geographically referenced data distinguishes GI from other information systems and established GI as a technology important to a wide variety of applications patial data analysis Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

5 ho studies and utilizes GI? Geography arth and environmental sciences atural resource management Business administration Urban and regional planning (Figure10) Computer cience Geomatics Civil engineering Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI xplosion of Implementation herever spatial data analysis is needed! Both Private and Public sectors Public ectors Governments; Demographic profiles Local, tate, Federal Law enforcement agencies Hot spots mergency services Fire station Militaries Terrain analysis Battlefield information Political campaigns (Figure 11); Potential voters Hazard, disaster mapping ducation Research, Teaching, Administration Changjoo Kim 8/28/ GI xplosion of Implementation Both Private and Public sectors Private ectors Business ite location Delivery systems Logistics: warehouse, trucking Market shares Industry Transportation Communication hat GI provides us? Interdisciplinary bridge GI provides important tool to almost all areas patial decision support systems to planning and decision procedure Visualization and analysis Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ hat they ask for GI jobs? GI concepts GI techniques GI software packages ArcGI: ARCVI and ARCIFO MAPIFO MAPTITUD TRACAD RDA IMAGI Practical GI! asy to learn asy to implement GI classes make students ready to find a job in real world throughout lecture (concepts) and lab (techniques) Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

6 .-,9 0.-,3 5 GI Link to conomy From , GI jobs grew at 30% Furthermore, the outlook for GI jobs appears promising ource: Digital conomy 2003, conomics and tatistics Administration, U.. Department of Commerce Homework Read Chapter 1 & 2 Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Figure 1 airports Transportation Infrastructure Figure 4 Best Route MP to Mankato bus & train roads Mi les ortsz_minn eso ta.s hp Airp Tra nterm_minn eso ta.s hp Mjrrd s_minn eso ta.sh p Pr imary roa d with limited acc ess Pr imary roa d e con da ry a nd co nn ectin g road Acces s ra mp Fe rry c ro ssing ta te _minne sota.sh p.-,9 4 þ Msp_airport.shp þ Mankato.shp Msp_mankat o.shp Highways_minnesota.shp Urban Interstate Other Freeway Urban P rincipal Arterial Urban Minor Arterial Rural Interstate Rural Pr incipal Arterial Rural Minor Arterial Unclassified tate_minnesota.shp Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Miles Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Figure 5 Year 2000 Population þ þ Mankato.shp Bl kg rp_mi nnesota.shp tate_mi nnesota.shp Figure 6 DM MAPPIG þ þ Mankato.shp Blockpop_minnesota.shp Over Less Than 25 Counties_m innesota.shp Mjrrds_minnesota.shp Prim ary road with lim ited access Prim ary road econdary and connecting road Access r amp Ferry crossing 1ea08bee o Data tate_m innesota.shp 0 5 Miles Mile s Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Changjoo Kim 8/28/

7 þ Figure 7 RIVR BUFFRIG 5 miles Query (Figure 12) Condition 2: 191/353 Female >= Male þ Miles þ Mississipp i_r.shp Bu ff_5m il e.shp Mankato.shp Co unt ie s_ minneso ta.shp ta te_minn esota.sh p Changjoo Kim 8/28/ þ Condition 1: 353/4,080 Population (year 2000) >= 2,000 Condition 3: 19/191 Age 65 up >= 500 Changjoo Kim 8/28/ þ 3D Visualization (Figure 13) Figure 11 Political Campaign þ Mankato.shp Cd108_m innesota.shp Democrat Republican Independent one TBD tate_minnesota.shp þ Hispanic Population Population Density Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Mi les Changjoo Kim 8/28/ POT87 (Figure 8) POT92 (Figure 9) Urbanized areasurban_areas_ga.shp tate_ga.shp Urbanized areas Urban_areas_ga.shp tate_ga.shp Mile s Changjoo Kim 8/28/ Miles Changjoo Kim 8/28/

8 POT (Figure 10) Urbanized areas Urban_areas_ga.shp tate_ga.shp Miles Changjoo Kim 8/28/