5/15/ Use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Grazing Management Muhammad Farooq Hussain Faisal 12-Arid-604 (M.

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1 5/15/218 1 Use of Geographic Information ystem (GI) in Grazing Management Muhammad Farooq Hussain Faisal 12-Arid-64 (M.phill LM) 1

2 Contents History Back Ground Information Introduction of GI Who use GI? & what can we do with GI How does GI work? Geography database & types of data Features of GI Grazing ystem Use of Grazing ystem In GI History GI began in 195 s GI demonstrated by Howard Fisher ERI founded. 197 s satellites aid GP GI project used a layering system to display data Odessy developed. 2

3 Contd s maps moved from military and tax use to commercial use GI masters in third level Edinburgh College began in the mid 198s Map Info developed POT satellite was launched the Lebanon used GI to rebuild electrivity network. Back Ground Information Responsible and successful environmental management is necessary for protecting and restoring the natural environment. The interdependency of the earth s ecosystems and the human impact on the environment present complex challenges to governments and businesses as well as scientists and environmentalists in every discipline. 3

4 Contd.. Geographic information system (GI) technology is used to support and deliver information to environmental managers and the public. GI allows the combination and analysis of multiple layers of location-based data including environmental measurements.. Contd.. The environmental application areas of GI are varied in terms of potential users, environmental spheres, and the specific environmental issue being investigated. 4

5 Contd.. GI environmental management solutions enable organizations to: Ensure accurate reporting with improved data collection. Improve decision making. Increase productivity with streamlined work processes. Provide better data analysis and presentation options. Contd.. Model dynamic environmental phenomena. Create predictive scenarios for environmental impact studies. Automate regulatory compliance processes. Disseminate maps and share map data across the Internet. 5

6 Introduction GI????? Geographic Information ystem (GI) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information A GI can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer Geographic Information ystem Geographic 8% of government data collected is associated with some location in space Information - attributes, or the characteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given location 6

7 Continued... ystem a seamless operation linking the information to the geography which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures not just software! not just for making maps! Who uses GI? International organizations UN HABITAT, The World Bank, UNEP, FAO, WHO, etc. Private industry Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, etc. Government Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, etc. Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc. Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc. 7

8 Continued Non-profit organizations/ngo s World Resources Institute, ICMA, etc. Academic and Research Institutions mithsonian Institution, CIEIN, etc. What can you do with a GI? The possibilities are unlimited Environmental impact assessment Resource management Land use planning Tax Mapping Water and anitation Mapping Transportation routing and more... 8

9 How does a GI work? GI data has a spatial/geographic reference This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using: a latitude & longitude a national coordinate system an address a district a wetland identifier a road name Geography and Databases A GI stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography Polygon 3 crub 17 Very high Clay 9

10 GI provides Data Integration Roads Land Parcels Population Utilities Land Mines Hospitals Refugee Camps Wells anitation Networks Topology Images 27 Main t. 3D Objects Addresses Vectors Terrain urveys CAD Drawings 17 Dimensions ABC Annotatio Attributes Two fundamental types of data Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons Raster Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces 1

11 GI Vector Data Model House Road Archaeological ite GI Vector Data Model (contd) House Road Archaeological ite 11

12 GI Raster Data Model ROW Grid Cell COLUMN GI Raster Data Model (contd) House Archaeological ite 12

13 13 GI Raster Data Model (contd) GI Raster Data Model (contd) R R R R R R R H

14 World ummit on ustainable Development 22 Promote the development and wider use of earth observation technologies, including satellite remote sensing, global mapping and geographic information systems, to collect quality data on environmental impacts, land use and land use changes. Grazing ystem A grazing system is a particular way of managing the interactions between plants, soils, and grazing animals 14

15 Contd.. A GI provides an environment where collected information and data can be used in a spatial framework to predict the behavior of animals over several periods of time. Contd.. Using GI to analyze grazing capability at a landscape scale is not a new concept. A GI was used to assist in the development of suitable areas for grazing,as an attempt to identify how efficiently land managers were utilizing the land. 15

16 How do we collect spatial data? Radio collars How do we collect spatial data? Direct observation and paper maps Museum records of collection locations 16

17 What is GP? GP stands for Global Positioning ystem GP is a satellite navigation system designed to provide accurate position, velocity, and time information almost anywhere in the world the present system is known as NAVTAR - NAVigation atellite Timing And Ranging How do we collect spatial data? GP Collars/patches that upload Handheld records of indicators scat, tracks Remotely sensed data atellite imagery Vegetation, landcover, climate Aerial photgraphy Radar etc. 17

18 How do we use spatial data? Home ranges Habitat selection Biogeography questions Future Applications Use model for a Decision upport ystem New water sources Additional fencing Monitoring plans Other factors to include in model Vegetation Conflicting land uses 5/15/

19 Thank You! 19