Volcanology and geophysical investigations at Vesuvius
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1 Volcanology and geophysical investigations at Vesuvius Giovanni Macedonio (on behalf of the MURAVES Collaboration) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy Tokyo, 12 November 2014 G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
2 Summary 1 Active volcanoes in Italy 2 The knowledge of the internal structure of Vesuvius 3 The MURAVES Project 4 Conclusion G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
3 Active volcanoes in Italy and Vesuvius The principal active volcanoes (10) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
4 Active volcanoes in Italy and Vesuvius The principal active volcanoes (10) Vesuvius - Last eruption occurred in Now the conduit is closed - Monitored 24/24 G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
5 Vesuvius has the highest risk More than 550,000 people live in the Red Zone of Vesuvius Vesuvius today G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
6 Knowledge of the internal structure of Vesuvius What we know about the volcano structure? Previous knowledge (Kircher, 1638) Active seismic tomography (TOMOVES-1996/MAREVES-1997) Passive seismic tomography (based on natural earthquakes) Gravimetric field inversion Direct observations of the interior of the crater Muon radiography G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
7 Knowledge of the internal structure of Vesuvius The first studies of Kircher in 1638 G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
8 Knowledge of the internal structure of Vesuvius Seismic active tomography (TOMOVES-1996 and MAREVES-1997 experiments) Active seismic tomography Spatial resolution km (modified from Di Stefano and Chiarabba, JGR, 2002) (from Auger et al., Science, 2001) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
9 The internal structure of Vesuvius Study of the natural seismicity Vesuvius earthquakes/year Earthquakes locations Typical magnitude M L < 2.0 Largest earthquake M L = 3.6 (from D Auria et al., Annals of Geophysics, 2013) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
10 The internal structure of Vesuvius High resolution passive seismic tomography ( m) (from Scarpa et al., GRL, 2002) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
11 The internal structure of Vesuvius Gravimetric field inversion (spatial resolution m) (from Cella et al., JVGR, 2007) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
12 Observations of the upper part of Vesuvius The Vesuvius crater between 1906 and 1944 Vesuvius crater in 1944 (from Imbò, 1949) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
13 Observations of the upper part of Vesuvius The Vesuvius crater between 1906 and 1944 Vesuvius crater in 1944 Vesuvius crater today (from Imbò, 1949) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
14 The MURAVES Project Muon radiography of Vesuvius Investigation of the internal structure of Vesuvius by using cosmic muons Map of the rock thickness of Vesuvius (possible radiography) G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
15 Objectives of the MURAVES Project Objectives To develop a synergy between geophysics and particle physics Achieve an integrated model of the Vesuvius structure based on muon radiography, gravimetric and seismological data Method Build of new telescopes for volcano radiography using cosmic muons with better resolution and background suppression than previous experiments Development of an innovative model for the integration of data from muon radiography, gravimetry and seismology G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
16 Muon radiography of Vesuvius The MURAVES Project Previous projects MU-RAY Project (INFN, INGV, UNINA) MURAY2 Project (INFN, in collaboration with INGV) MURAVES Project Funded by MIUR (Project Premiale 2012 ) INGV (host institution) + INFN (main partner) Budget 860 keuro Project duration: 3 years First year: Laboratory setup on Vesuvius, beginning of data acquisition Following years: Data acquisition and analysis G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
17 The MURAVES Project structure G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
18 The MURAVES Project Gantt G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
19 The MURAVES Project Gantt Implementation G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
20 The MURAVES Project Gantt Implementation Data acquisition and analysis G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
21 Conclusion The challenge The investigation of the internal structure of Vesuvius using cosmic muons is a challenge The integration between seismic, gravimetric and muon radiography data is completely innovative The cooperation between INGV, INFN and ERI is an important step to begin this challenge G.Macedonio (MURAVES) Muon Radiography of Vesuvius Tokyo, 12 November / 17
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