A Preliminary Home-Range Analysis of Loggerhead Sea Turtles Released in Virginia & North Carolina
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1 A Preliminary Home-Range Analysis of Loggerhead Sea Turtles Released in Virginia & North Carolina Gwen G. Lockhart GIS Research Specialist Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center & Susan G. Barco Research Coordinator Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center 2 nd Southeast Regional Sea Turtle Meeting February 4-7, 2015 on Jekyll Island, GA (USA) Activities conducted under NMFS Research Permit No
2 Acknowledgements NMFS Species Recovery Grants to State Virginia Aquarium Staff and Volunteers SeaTurtle.org Movebank.org
3 Primary Study Area Virginia Virginia coastal and estuarine waters are an important foraging habitat for juvenile loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtle (Musick and Limpus 1997; Mansfield et al. 2009; Shoop and Kenney 1992; Epperly et al. 1995; Keinath 1993; Keinath et al. 1996; Mansfield 2006; TEWG 2009; NMFS 2011; NMFSa 2012; Virginia Aquarium 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b)
4 Loggerhead Critical Habitat Determination 50 CFR Part CFR Part 226
5 Home-Range Project Goals Collect location data Create GIS features, representing intensive use areas, to inform management decisions Develop a GIS analysis
6 Methods
7 Species Released Days at Large SCL-NT 6/27/11 11: /27/11 15: /29/11 14: /1/11 14: /18/11 14: /21/11 9: /27/12 14: /7/12 13: /5/12 13: /22/13 13: /22/13 15: /22/13 15: /5/13 15: /5/13 15: /6/13 11: /12/13 9: /13/13 15: /26/13 10: /5/13 17: /21/13 15: /27/13 16: /7/13 10: /20/13 12: loggerhead sea turtles Released from Release SCL-NT cm min=55.0; max=99.0; mean= days tracked (mean=195)
8 Tag Types 17 Sea Mammal Research Unit 9000x SDRL tags 6 Wildlife Computers SPLASH tags
9 Capture Methods (n=23) 2 dip net 1 swimming enclosure 3 pound net Activities conducted under NMFS Research Permit No rehabilitated
10 Home-range: What is Home-Range? Area traversed by an animal during its normal activities of foraging, mating, and migrating (Burt 1943) Utilization distribution (UD): Quantifies the area traversed and the normal activity of an animal s home-range (Van Winkle 1975) Relative density function that reports the probability that an animal will relocate at any place according to the coordinate (x, y) of the place (Silverman 1986; Wand and Jones 1995) Isopleths (contour lines): Based on the summed values of each grid intersection in the UD 95% isopleth = home-range (Worton 1989) Cumulative home-range: Intersection of 95% isopleths Identify relative cumulative use (RCU) classes
11 Methods Point Filtering Combined all GPS and ARGOS points Calculated proxy ARGOS attributes to for GPS data Used Douglas filter identify the best point per day (Douglas et al. 2012; TEWG 2009)
12 Methods UD Calculation UDs are calculated using the reference bandwidth input (Wortan 1995) h ref = n 1 6 var x + var y 2 h ref is based on the standard deviation (Silverman 1986) To compare variances the ratio between Std(x) and Std(y) for each dataset data set was calculated Spatial variance was too great between each turtle s dataset to create one UD for all turtles Calculated UD and 95% isopleth for each animal - in each season (Seaman and Powell 1996) Spring: April-June Summer: July-September Fall: October-December
13 Methods Isopleth Intersection Merge and intersect all isopleths for each season Spring Sum all home-ranges in each intersection for each season Summer Fall
14 Number of Occurrences Methods Relative Cumulative Use (RCU) Reclassify sums into three RCU classes for each season moderate high intensive ArcGIS10 quantile classification Summed Intersections
15 Methods %RCU by Geographic Zone 4,400 46,407 = 9. 5% RCU 4, 400 sq km 46, 407 sq km Separated all RCU layer into geographic zones for each season Calculated the area of total home-range in each zone Calculate the area of each RCU class in all seasons and in all zones Calculated %RCU area for each class in each geographic zone area of seasonal use class area of total home range = %RCU
16 Results
17 Geographic Zone Results - Spring RCU (10 turtles) Spring Intensive Use South NC Ocean NC Ocean/Sound Ches Bay VA Ocean North VA Ocean 0.00% 6.42% 0.00% 0.00% 20.91% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent Use
18 Geographic Zone Results - Summer RCU (18 turtles) Summer Intensive Use South NC Ocean NC Ocean/Sound Ches Bay VA Ocean North VA Ocean 0.00% 0.00% 3.04% 0.00% 23.19% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent Use
19 Geographic Zone Results - Fall RCU (15 turtles) Fall Intensive Use South NC Ocean NC Ocean/Sound Chesapeake Bay VA Ocean North VA Ocean 0.32% 0.82% 9.27% 0.00% 31.86% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent Use
20 What About Moderate & High RCU Areas? Intensive RCU Areas High RCU Areas Moderate RCU Areas
21 Four Overwintering Categories 17 loggerheads VA to Onslow Bay, NC (n=9) VA to Offshore, NC (n=4) VA to Florida (n=2) VA to Gulf Stream (n=2) *Overwintering data was defined as data from tags that transmitted at least 45 days past the date a turtle left Virginia waters in the fall.
22 Conclusions Cumulative Home-Range Geographic zone with highest percent of intensive relative use shifted seasonally Chesapeake Bay had moderate use in all three seasons Cumulative home-range analysis is a practical tool that identifies intensive use areas using telemetry data Cumulative home-range analysis a dynamic tool for leveraging telemetry data RCU areas can be used to predict times and places of intensive use RCU can inform managers who regulate actions that pose significant risk to sea turtles
23 Next Steps Fine tune and update the model Compare rehabilitated and wild-caught RCU areas Conduct state-space modeling to identify foraging and migration behavior (Jonson et al. 2005) Identify RCU areas for foraging behavior using statespace modeling results Develop a resource selection model Submit geospatial data to NMFS & VDGIF
24 Works Cited Douglas, D. C., R. Weinzierl, S. C. Davidson, R. Kays, M. Wikelski, and G. Bohrer Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(6): doi: /j X x Jonsen,I.D., Flemming, J.M., Myers, Ransom Robust State-Spaced modeling of Animal Movement Data. Ecology. 86(11), pp Mansfield, K.L., Saba, V.S., Keinath, J.A., Musick, J.A., Satellite tracking reveals a dichotomy in migration strategies among juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Atlantic. Marine Biology. 156, Millspaugh, J.J., and J.M. Marzluff Radio-tracking and animal populations: past trends and future needs. Pages in J.J. Millspaugh and J.M.Marzluff, editors, Radio-tracking and animal populations. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Musick, J.A. and Limpus, C.J Habitat utilization and migration in juvenile sea turtles. The Biology of Sea Turtles (eds P.L. Lutz & J.A. Musick), pp CRC Press, Boca Raton. Powell, R.A Animal home-ranges and territories and home-range estimators. Research Techniques in AnimalEcology: Controversies and Consequences (eds L.Boitani & T.K.Fuller), pp Columbia University, New York. Seaman, D.E. and R.A. Powell An evaluation of accuracy or kernel density estimators for homerang analysis. Ecology 77: Turtle Expert Working Group An assessment of the loggerhead: Turtle population in the western North Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-575, 131p. Van Winkle, W Comparison of several probabilistic home-range models. Journal of Wildlife Management 39: Worton, B.J. (1989). Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies. Ecology 70:
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