Governance from megalopolis to the megaregion

Transcription

1 Governance from megalopolis to the megaregion A world of cities or planetary urbanization? David Wachsmuth School of Urban Planning, McGill University July 26, 2016

2 Urban thinking (and governance) beyond the city

3 Megalopolis as governance thinking

4 NEW YORK.i EW JER;SEY PERGNNSLANAA ~~~MEALOOI NW.ESTY DE O OUAIN,15 E~~~B conte (idpnetcte.xldd VIRKGINIA tha 60', -----O7~~~~~~~~~~~~Ls VIRGINIA if. t to 100 ~~~~~~~61 > ~~~~~101 to ~~~~~~~~More than,0 NORTH CAROLINA. 0,, MI100 Gottmann (1957)

5 Regional Plan Association (2008)

6

7 A shift from redistribution to competitiveness in megaurban governance thinking

8 A shift from redistribution to competitiveness in megaurban governance thinking The development of a city-centric imaginary of the mega-urban

9 A shift from redistribution to competitiveness in megaurban governance thinking The development of a city-centric imaginary of the mega-urban Megalopolitan governance challenges are more than territorial

10 NEW YORK.i EW JER;SEY PERGNNSLANAA ~~~MEALOOI NW.ESTY DE O OUAIN,15 E~~~B conte (idpnetcte.xldd VIRKGINIA tha 60', -----O7~~~~~~~~~~~~Ls VIRGINIA if. t to 100 ~~~~~~~61 > ~~~~~101 to ~~~~~~~~More than,0 NORTH CAROLINA. 0,, MI Gottmann (1957)

11 Not in fact a new sort of city, but an anti-city Mumford (1961) NEW YORK.i A completely new pattern of living and of regional interdependence between communities. Gottmann (1957) EW JER;SEY It seems that a necessary condition of a megalopolis is a hinge articulating two or more networks, one of them a national internal network, and another an international and overseas network. Gottmann (1976) PERGNNSLANAA VIRKGINIA ~~~MEALOOI NW.ESTY DE O OUAIN,15 E~~~B VIRGINIA if. t. - conte (idpnetcte.xldd tha 60', -----O7~~~~~~~~~~~~Ls to 100 ~~~~~~~61 > ~~~~~101 to 250 ~~~~~~~~More than,0 NORTH CAROLINA. 0,, MI Gottmann (1957)

12 Key features A polycentric urban area of 25 million people or more NEW YORK.i Integration of dense (urban) areas and less dense (rural) areas Connects national and international economic space PERGNNSLANAA VIRKGINIA EW JER;SEY ~~~MEALOOI NW.ESTY DE O OUAIN,15 E~~~B conte (idpnetcte.xldd tha 60', -----O7~~~~~~~~~~~~Ls Qualitatively different from the city? VIRGINIA if. t. - to 100 ~~~~~~~61 > ~~~~~101 to 250 ~~~~~~~~More than,0 NORTH CAROLINA. 0,, MI Gottmann (1957)

13 Governance challenges Infrastructure NEW YORK.i Territorial redistribution and service provision Globalization EW JER;SEY (National Fordism- Keynesianism) PERGNNSLANAA ~~~MEALOOI NW.ESTY DE O OUAIN,15 E~~~B conte (idpnetcte.xldd VIRKGINIA tha 60', -----O7~~~~~~~~~~~~Ls VIRGINIA if. t to 100 ~~~~~~~61 > ~~~~~101 to ~~~~~~~~More than,0 NORTH CAROLINA. 0,, MI Gottmann (1957)

14 Doxiadis plan for Detroit

15 Urban Detroit Area Doxiadis (1967)

16 Doxiadis (1967)

17 Great Lakes Megalopolis Doxiadis (1967)

18 Land-use projections

19 Doxiadis and Papaioannou (1974) A world of megalopolises?

20 Ecumenopolis Doxiadis and Papaioannou (1974)

21 Contemporary megaregions Regional Plan Association (2008)

22 Regional Plan Association (2008)

23

24 Urban mega-regions are coming to relate to the global economy in much the same way that metropolitan regions relate to national economies Florida et al. (2008) The mega-city region is the spatial expression of a new form of economic development on a transnational scale Hall (1999)

25 Governance challenges Infrastructure Economic competitiveness Globalization Sustainability (Global urban neoliberalism) EU macro-regions and macro-regional strategies A scoping study Alexandre Dubois, Sigrid Hedin, Peter Schmitt and José Sterling NORDREGIO ELECTRONIC WORKING PAPER 2009:4

26

27

28 Megalopolis Megaregion Substantive Relationship to economy Globalization Globalization Territorial politics Mode of regulation Redistribution, service provision National Fordism- Keynesianism Economic competitiveness Global urban neoliberalism

29 Megalopolis Megaregion Substantive Relationship to economy Globalization Globalization Territorial politics Mode of regulation Redistribution, service provision National Fordism- Keynesianism Economic competitiveness Global urban neoliberalism Epistemological Theoretical signficance Prototypical Stereotypical Relationship to city Territorial (upscaled city) Territorial (upscaled city) or networked (system of cities) Relationship to world The world as a city A world of cities

30 Planetary urbanization

31 Brenner and Schmid (2015, 2016) Urbanization has three moments Concentrated urbanization (agglomeration) Extended urbanization (hinterlands) Differential urbanization (creative destruction)

32 Wachsmuth (2014); Angelo and Wachsmuth (2015) The city (or any bounded settlement space) is an increasingly inadequate tool for grappling with the complexity of the urban

33 Territorial megaregion (upscaled city)

34 Networked megaregion (system of cities)

35 The megaregion is a city-centric imaginary of the urban

36 The megalopolis of planetary urbanization Not (just) an upscaled city, Not (just) a network of cities but A proliferation of internal and external urban relations at multiple scales Defined as much by what is outside it as what is inside it

37 Governance challenges 1. Managing territorial competition 2. Local and regional democracy 3. International relations and geopolitics 4. Global environmental crisis

38 Thank you! Research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Killam Trusts