PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMIC STANDARDS, SOCIAL STUDIES Academic Standards for Civics and Government

Transcription

1 Civics and Government, Economics, Geography, and History (Grade 9) Academic Standards for Civics and Government 5.1. Principles and Documents of Government GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Identify and explain the major arguments advanced for the necessity of government. SE: TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 ; Transparency 4 B. Describe historical examples of the importance of the rule of law. Sources SE: 17-18, 666, 670 TE: T26-T27, T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Purposes SE: TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 Functions SE: TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 C. Analyze the principles and ideals that shape government. 1

2 Constitutional government SE: , 670, 683 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Liberal democracy SE: 18, 645 TE: T26-T27, T234-T235 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10, 213, 214; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 49; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, ; Transparency 4 Classical republicanism SE: TE: T234-T235 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 213, 214; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 49; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, Federalism SE: TE: T197, T198 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 183, 184 ; Transparency 31 D. Interpret significant changes in the basic documents shaping the government of Pennsylvania. The Great Law of 1682 Constitution of 1776 Constitution of 1790 Constitution of 1838 Constitution of 1874 Constitution of

3 E. Analyze the basic documents shaping the government of the United States. Magna Carta SE: 666, 670 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 English Bill of Rights SE: 667, 670 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Mayflower Compact Articles of Confederation Declaration of Independence SE: TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Federalist papers Anti-federalist writings United States Constitution SE: 668, 670 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 F. Contrast the individual rights created by the Pennsylvania Constitution and those created by the Constitution of the United States. 3

4 G. Describe the procedures for proper uses, display and respect for the United States Flag as per the National Flag Code. H. Explain and interpret the roles of framers of basic documents of government from a national and Pennsylvania perspective. I. Explain the essential characteristics of limited and unlimited governments and explain the advantages and disadvantages of systems of government. Confederal TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Resource Pro CD-ROM Federal TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Resource Pro CD-ROM Unitary TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Resource Pro CD-ROM J. Explain how law protects individual rights and the common good. SE: TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 Resource Pro CD-ROM K. Explain why symbols and holidays were created and the ideals they commemorate. L. Interpret Pennsylvania and United States court decisions that have impacted the principles and ideals of government. M. Interpret the impact of famous speeches and writings on civic life (e.g., The Gospel of Wealth, Declaration of Sentiments). 4

5 5.2 Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Contrast the essential rights and responsibilities of citizens in systems of government. Autocracy SE: , 670 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Democracy SE: 18, 645, 650 TE: T26-T27, T234-T235 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10, 213, 214; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 49 ; Transparency 4 Oligarchy SE: , 478 TE: T176-T177 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 161, 162 ; Transparency 37 Republic SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 ; Transparency 4 B. Analyze citizens rights and responsibilities in local, state and national government. 5

6 C. Analyze skills used to resolve conflicts in society and government. SE: 42-45, 46, 151, 207, , 269, 312, , 554, , 613, , , 628, 629, 678, 682, , , 711, 739, 767 TE: T34-T35, T68, T125, T203-T204, T225-T226, T226-T227, T230, T248-T249, T256, T278 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 19, 20, 199, 200, 201, 202, 225, 226, 229, 230; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 34, 42; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 43; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet ; Transparency 13, 25, 27, 28, 43, 55, 57 D. Analyze political leadership and public service in a republican form of government. E. Explain the importance of the political process to competent and responsible participation in civic life. F. Analyze the consequences of violating laws of Pennsylvania compared to those of the United States. G. Analyze political and civic participation in government and society How Government Works GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the structure, organization and operation of the local, state, and national governments including domestic and national policy-making. B. Compare the responsibilities and powers of the three branches within the national government. C. Explain how a bill becomes a law on a federal, state, and local level. D. Explain how independent government agencies create, amend and enforce regulatory policies. Local (e.g., Zoning Board) 6

7 State (e.g., Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission) National (e.g., Federal Communications Commission) E. Explain how citizens participate in choosing their leaders through political parties, campaigns and elections. F. Explain the election process. Voter registration Primary Elections Caucuses Political party conventions General Elections Electoral College G. Explain how the government protects individual rights. Equal protection Habeas Corpus Right Against Self Incrimination Double Jeopardy Right of Appeal Due Process H. Analyze how interest groups provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process. I. Analyze how and why government raises money to pay for its operation and services. J. Analyze the importance of freedom of the press. K. Identify and explain systems of government. 7

8 Autocracy SE: , 670 TE: T241-T243 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 219, 220; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48 Democracy SE: 18, 645, 650 TE: T26-T27, T234-T235 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10, 213, 214; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 49 ; Transparency 4 Oligarchy SE: , 478 TE: T176-T177 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 161, 162 ; Transparency 37 Republic SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10 ; Transparency How International Relationships Function GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain how the United States is affected by policies of nation-states, governmental and nongovernmental organizations. SE: 35-36, 37, 40, 42-46, 47, 54, , 139, 224, 227, 306, 310, , 366, 368, , 387, , , , 537, 612, , , 690, , 753 TE: T33-T36, T64-T65, T94, T95, T122, T133, T140-T141, T147-T148, T155, T190-T191, T225-T226, T244-T245, T273-T274 8

9 (Continued) A. Explain how the United States is affected by policies of nation-states, governmental and nongovernmental organizations. B. Explain the role of the United States in world affairs. C. Explain the effects United States political ideas have had on other nations. (Continued) TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 17, 18, 19, 20, 47, 48, 77, 78, 103, 123, 124, 131, 132, 139, 140, 175, 176, 223, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236; People and Geography, 9, 36-41, 52; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 49, 50 ; Transparency 13, 14, 25, 26, 55, 57, 64, 73 SE: 35-36, 37, 40, 42-45, 46, 47, 54, 94-95, , 139, 225, 227, , 309, 310, , 366, 368, , 387, , , , 415, 419, , , 514, 537, 612, , 617, 622, 634, , , 690, , TE: T33-T36, T48, T49, T64-T65, T94, T95, T121-T122, T133, T140-T141, T147-T148, T155, T158-T160, T189-T191, T225-T226, T244-T245, T273-T274 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 17, 18, 19, 20, 31, 32, 47, 48, 77, 78, 103, 104, 105, 106, 123, 124, 132, 133, 139, 140, , 199, 200, 223, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236; People and Geography, 9, 26, 28, 36-41, 47-52; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 49 ; Transparency 13, 14, 25, 26, 42, 55, 57, 64 SE: , 348, 384, 386, , , , , , , 755, TE: T133-T134, T147-T148, T154, T155, T158- T159, T175-T176, T189-T190, T241-T243, T272-T274 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 115, 116, 131, 132, , 159, 160, 173, 174, 219, 220, ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 28, 40, 46, 48, 49; People and Geography, 26 ; Transparency 13, 37, 73 D. Contrast how the three branches of federal government function in foreign policy. 9

10 E. Explain the development and the role of the United Nations and other international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental. SE: 42-43, 46, 47, 134, 136, 138, 366, , 537, 607, 612, 688, , 751, 758 TE: T34-T36, T64-T65, T190-T191, T229, T251 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 19, 20, 51, 52, 175, 176, 229, 230; People and Geography, 9, 36-41, ; Transparency 64 Academic Standards for Economics 6.1. Economic Systems GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Analyze the similarities and differences in economic systems. B. Explain how traditional, command and market economies answer the basic economic questions. SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 4 SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 4 C. Explain how economic indicators reflect changes in the economy. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Unemployment rate D. Describe historical examples of expansion, recession and depression in the United States. SE: TE: T189-T190 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 173, 174; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19 ; Transparency 13 10

11 6.2. Markets and the Functions of Governments GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the flow of goods, services and resources in a mixed economy. SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 4 Resource Pro CD-ROM B. Analyze how the number of consumers and producers affects the level of competition within a market. C. Explain the structure and purpose of the Federal Reserve System. D. Analyze the functions of economic institutions (e.g., corporations, not-for-profit institutions). E. Explain the laws of supply and demand and how these affect the prices of goods and services. F. Analyze how competition among producers and consumers affects price, costs, product quality, service, product design, variety and advertising. G. Contrast the largest sources of tax revenue with where most tax revenue is spent in Pennsylvania. H. Analyze the economic roles of governments in market economies. Economic growth and stability SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 4 Resource Pro CD-ROM Exam View Test Legal frameworks Other economic goals (e.g., environmental protection, competition) SE: 18 TE: T26-T27 TR: World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 4 11

12 I. Explain how government provides public goods. J. Contrast the taxation policies of the local, state and national governments in the economy. K. Interpret how media reports can influence perceptions of the costs and benefits of decisions. L. Explain how the price of one currency is related to the price of another currency (e.g., Japanese yen in American dollar, Canadian dollar in Mexican nuevo peso) Scarcity and Choice GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Describe ways to deal with scarcity. Community Pennsylvania United States B. Analyze how unlimited wants and limited resources affect decision- making. C. Explain how resources can be used in different ways to produce different goods and services. SE: 63-64, 169, 252, 308, 377, 391, , , 555, 641, , TE: T40, T72-T73, T102, T145, T167, T195, T203, T233, T256 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 21, 83, 127, 149, 179, 185, 211, 233; People and Geography, 3; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 22, 42, 49, 55, 71; DK World Atlas D. Explain marginal analysis and decision-making. E. Explain the opportunity cost of a public choice from different perspectives. 12

13 F. Explain how incentives affect the behaviors of workers, savers, consumers and producers Economic Interdependence GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain why specialization may lead to increased production and consumption. B. Explain how trade may improve a society's standard of living. C. Explain why governments sometimes restrict or subsidize trade. SE: TE: T33-T34 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 19, 20; People and Geography, 9; DK World Atlas D. Explain how the locations of resources, transportation and communication networks and technology have affected United States economic patterns. Labor markets (e.g., migrant workers) Interstate highway system and sea and inland ports (e.g., movement of goods) Communication technologies (e.g., facsimile transmission, satellite-based communications) E. Analyze how Pennsylvania consumers and producers participate in the global production and consumption of goods or services. F. Explain how opportunity cost can be used to determine the product for which a nation has a comparative advantage. G. Describe geographic patterns of economic activities in the United States. 13

14 Primary extractive industries (i.e., farming, fishing, forestry, mining) Secondary materials processing industries (i.e., manufacturing) Tertiary service industries (e.g., retailing, wholesaling, finance, real estate, travel and tourism, transportation) SE: 785 Resource Pro CD-ROM SE: 785 Resource Pro CD-ROM SE: 785 Resource Pro CD-ROM 6.5. Work and Earnings GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Define wages and explain how wages are determined by the supply of and demand for workers. B. Describe how productivity is measured and identify ways in which a person can improve his or her productivity. C. Identify and explain the characteristics of the three types of businesses. Sole proprietorship Partnership Corporation D. Analyze how risks influence business decisionmaking. E. Define wealth and describe its distribution within and among the political divisions of the United States. F. Identify leading entrepreneurs in Pennsylvania and the United States and describe the risks they took and the rewards they received. G. Explain the differences among stocks, bonds and mutual funds. 14

15 H. Explain the impact of higher or lower interest rates for savers, borrowers, consumers and producers. Academic Standards for Geography 7.1. Basic Geographic Literacy GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Explain geographic tools and their uses. Development and use of geographic tools SE: 8-10, 24, 25, 306 TE: T24-T25 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 10; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 2 Geographic information systems [GIS] Resource Pro CD-ROM; World Geography Map and Photo Population pyramids Cartograms Satellite-produced images SE: 46 TE: T35 TR: Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM; World Geography Map and Photo Climate graphs SE: 238 TE: T99 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 65, 66 Resource Pro CD-ROM 15

16 Access to computer-based geographic data (e.g., Internet, CD-ROMs) SE: 55, 157, 245, 319, 435, 547, 635, 773 Resource Pro CD-ROM; World Geography Map and Photo Construction of maps SE: 8-10, 55, 157, 245, 319, 435, 546, 635, 773 TE: T25-T26, T37-T38, T68-T69, T99-T100, T125-T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T230- T231, T278-T280 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 7, 8; Social Studies Skills Handbook,, 31, 33, 39, 48, 55; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Projections SE: 8-9, 13, 25, 48 TE: T24-T25, T29, T37 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 4, 6-7; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 11, 48; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Scale SE: 48, 313 TE: T37, T125 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 4, 6-7; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 6, 48; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Symbol systems SE: 48, 313 TE: T37, T125 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 4, 6-7; 48; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Level of generalization SE: 49 TE: T37 16

17 Level of generalization (Continued) (Continued) TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook; Social Studies Skills Handbook; Brief Review of Global History and Geography Types and sources of data SE: 1, 9, 40, 49, 48, 54, 57, 61, 62, 96, 159, 182, 183, 204, 238, 244, 313, 546, 567, 627, 651, 681, 683, 687, 705, 708, 709, 741, 766, , TE: TR: T37, T99, T125, T278, T280 World Cultures Skills Workbook; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 31, 33, 39, 55, 62; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo Geographic representations to track spatial patterns SE: 40, 76, 95, 99, 116, 183, 188, 194, 229, 450, 459, 530, 782, 783 TE: T34, T43, T49, T50, T57, T79, T81, T95-T96, T170, T173, T196, TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography Weather SE: 12, 66, , 444 TE: T72-T73, T168 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 55, 56; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 65, 66; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency

18 Migration SE: 6-7, 20, 30-32, 33-34, 100, , 307, , 453, , , 662, 665 TE: T24-T25, T27-T28, T32, T173-T174 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 15, 155, 156; People and Geography, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo Environmental change (e.g., tropical forest reduction, sea-level changes) Mental maps to organize and understand the human and physical features SE: 44-45, 66-68, , , 711 TE: T34-T35, T41-T42, T95-T96, T251-T252 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 19, 20, 23, 24, 79, 80, 229, 230, 233, 234; People and Geography, 36-41; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42, 49; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; ; World Geography Map and Photo SE: 55, 157, 245, 319, 435, 546, 635, 773 TE: T37-T38, T68-T69, T99-T100, T125-T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T230-T231, T278- T280 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 31, 33, 39, 55; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo B. Explain and locate places and regions. How regions are created to interpret Earth's complexity (i.e., the differences among formal regions, functional regions, perceptual regions) SE: 7, , 439, 441, TE: T9, T24, T128, T167, T203-T204 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 107, 149, 185; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 6-7; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography 18

19 How characteristics contribute to regional changes (e.g., economic development, accessibility, demographic change) How culture and experience influence perceptions of places and regions SE: 7, 50-51, TE: T9, T24, T95-T96 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 79, 80; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 6-7; Social Studies Skills Handbook,31, 42 ; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 68, 122, 123, 124 SE: 7, 13-18, 20-23, 25, 28-30, 50-51, 52-53, , , , , 312, , , , , , , , , , , 767, , TE: T24-T25, T26-T27, T28-T29, T31-T32, T37, T68, T99, T125, T164, T200, T230, T278 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 9-14; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; Transparency 1, 2, 4 How structures and alliances impact regions SE: 7, 37, 42-44, 291, 306, 310, , , , 689, 691, , 695, , 766 TE: T32-T33,T34-T35, T189-T191, T244-T246, T249-T250, T372-T273, T278 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 16, 16, 19, 20, , 223, 224, 227, 228; People and Geography, 9, 47-26, 28, 52; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 47; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 28, 40, 49, 50, 58; DK World Atlas; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 75; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; Transparency13, 45, 96 Development (e.g., First vs. Third World, North vs. South) SE: 37-42, 47 TE: T33-T34, T36 19

20 (Continued) Development (e.g., First vs. Third World, North vs. South) (Continued) TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 17, 18; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 55; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; Transparency 14 Trade (e.g., NAFTA, the European Union) SE: 134, 291, , 513, 537, 607, , , , 758, 766 TE: T64-T65, T163-T164, T190-T191, T197- T198, T249-T252, T278 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 47, 48, 167, 168, 175, 176, 183, 184; ; People and Geography, 9; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; Transparency 13, 14, 27, 31, 45, 96 International treaties (e.g., NATO, OAS) SE: 42-43, 45, , 537, 607, 612, 688, , 751, 758 TE: T34-T35, T190-T191, T197-T198, T248- T249, T251-T252 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 19, 20, 175, 176, 183, 184, 225, 226, 229, 230; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 42; Brief Review of Global History and Geography : Transparency 13, 31, 27, 43 How regions are connected (e.g., watersheds and river systems, patterns of world trade, cultural ties, migration) SE: 7 TE: T24-T25 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 2 20

21 7.2 The Physical Characteristics of Places and Regions GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Explain the physical characteristics of places and regions including spatial patterns of Earth s physical systems. Climate regions SE: 12, 13, 64-69, 71, 778 TE: T25-T26, T41-T42 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook,7, 8, 23, 24; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 26, 65, 66; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; Transparency 7, 114 Landform regions SE: 1, 10-12, 376, 391, 437, 440, , 524, 552, 641, , 723 TE: T24-T26, T167-T168 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 7, 8, 149, 150; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 5, 21, 22, 69; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 2, 7, 40 B. Explain the dynamics of the fundamental processes that underlie the operation of Earth s physical systems. Wind systems SE: 166 TE: T72 TR: Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM Water cycle TR: Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM 21

22 Erosion/deposition cycle TR: Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM Plate tectonics SE: 61 TE: T40 TR: Ocean currents SE: 444 TE: T168 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 49; Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM Social Studies Skills Handbook, 41; Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM Natural hazards SE: , 443, 444, , 391 TE: T72-T73 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 55, 56; People and Geography, ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, ; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo 7.3 The Human Characteristics of Places and Regions GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to.. A. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their population characteristics. Spatial distribution, size, density and demographic characteristics of population at the state and National level Demographic structure of a population (e.g., life expectancy, fertility rate, mortality rate, infant mortality rate, population growth rate, the demographic transition model) SE: 49, 783, 785 TE: T37 TR: Brief Review of Global History and Geography Resource Pro CD-ROM 22

23 Effects of different types and patterns of human movement SE: 6-7, 20-22, 23, 30-32, 33-34, 50-51, 52-53, 100, , , 307, , 338, 453, , , 662, 665 TE: T24-T25, T27-T28, T37, T32, T132, T173- T174 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 155, 156; People and Geography, 15; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 6-7; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo Mobility (e.g., travel for business) SE: 20, 21-22, , 338, 392 TE: T27-T28, T191, T132 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 11, 12; DK World Atlas Migration (e.g., rural to urban, short term vs. long term, critical distance) SE: 6-7, 20, 30-32, 33-34, 100, , 307, , 338, 392, 453, , , 662, 665 TE: T24-T25, T27-T28, T32, T132, T173-T174 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 15, 155, 156; People and Geography, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography B. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their cultural characteristics. Ethnicity of people at national levels (e.g., customs, celebrations, languages, religions) SE: 13-17, 18, 25, 52-53, 122, , 446, 618, TE: T26-T27, T28-T29, T226, T227, T256 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9, 10, 201, 233; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo 23

24 Culture distribution (e.g., ethnic enclaves and neighborhoods) Cultural diffusion (e.g., acculturation and assimilation, cultural revivals of language) SE: 21-23, 618, 621, TE: T27-T28, T226, T227, T256 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 11, 12, 201, 233; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo SE: 19-21, 23, 25, 50-51, 52-53, TE: T27-T29, T37, T57-T58 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 11, 12, 41, 42; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography C. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their settlement characteristics. Current and past settlement patterns in Pennsylvania and the United States Forces that have re-shaped modern settlement patterns (e.g., central city decline, suburbanization, the development of transport systems) Internal structure of cities (e.g., manufacturing zones, inner and outer suburbs, the location of infrastructure) SE: 6, 34, 40-42, , 392, 672 TE: T24, T32, T33-T34, T57-T58, T151, T243- T244 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 17, 18, 41, 42, 133, 221; People and Geography, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 33; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo SE: 392, 672 TE: T151, T243-T244 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 133, 221, 222; People and Geography, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo 24

25 D. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their economic activities. * Spatial distribution of economic activities in Pennsylvania and the United States (e.g., patterns of agriculture, forestry, mining, retailing, manufacturing, services) Factors that shape spatial patterns of economic activity both Nationally and internationally (e.g., comparative advantage in location of economic activities; changes in resource trade; disruption of trade flows) Technological changes that affect the definitions of, access to, and use of natural resources (e.g., the role of exploration, extraction, use and depletion of resources) SE: 34-35, 45, 47, , 416, 418, 672, TE: T32-T35, T114-T115, T159-T160, T249, T271-T272 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 15, 17, 19, 20, 95, 96, 143, 144, 233; People and Geography, 9; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 49, 50, 51, 62; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 75, 130, 131 SE: 34-35, 45, 120, 172, 228, 229, 256, 284, , 417, 512, 613, 618, , 675, , 711 TE: T32-T33, T95-T96, T103, T114-T115, T243- T244, T251 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 15, 16, 79, 95, 96, 221, 222; People and Geography, ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 62; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 91, 130 E. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their political activities. Spatial pattern of political units in the United States Geographic factors that affect decisions made in the United States (e.g., territorial expansion, boundary delineation, allocation of natural resources) 25

26 Political and public policies that affect geography (e.g., open space, urban development) SE: , 121, 123, , 512, 544, 693 TE: T57-T58, T60-T61, T191, T250 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 41, 42, 45, 46; People and Geography, ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo 7.4 The Interactions Between People and Places GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the impacts of physical systems on people. How people depend on, adjust to and modify physical systems on a National scale (e.g., soil conservation programs, projects of The Corps of Engineers) Ways in which people in hazard-prone areas adjust their ways of life (e.g., building design in earthquake areas, dry-farming techniques in drought-prone areas) SE: 120, , 137, 138, , 228, 229, 512, 597, 613, 693 TE: T57, T60-T61, T64-T65, T87-T88, T95, T191, T250 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 71, 79; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 27, 42; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo SE: , 170, TE: T72-T73, T102-T103 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 55, 56, 83; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 21; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; World Geography Map and Photo B. Explain the impacts of people on physical systems. 26

27 Forces by which people modify the physical environment (e.g., increasing population; new agricultural techniques; industrial processes and pollution) Spatial effects of activities in one region on another region (e.g., scrubbers on power plants to clean air, transportation systems such as Trans-Siberian Railroad, potential effects of fallout from nuclear power plant accidents) SE: 34-35, 40-42, , 120, 121, , , 512, 613, 693 TE: T32-T33, T33-T34, T56, T59, T95-T96, T225, T243, T249-T250 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 15, 16, 17, 18, 41, 42, 43, 79, 80, 199, 221, 227; People and Geography, 15, 31; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42, 55; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; ; World Geography Map and Photo SE: 228, 229, 554, TE: T95-T96, T203-T204, T251-T252 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 79, 185, 186, 229, 230; People and Geography, 3; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42; DK World Atlas; Brief Review of Global History and Geography ; ; World Geography Map and Photo ; Transparency 13, 27 Academic Standards for History 8.1. Historical Analysis and Skills Development GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Analyze chronological thinking. Difference between past, present and future SE: 27-32, 33-37, 37-42, 42-46, 47, 77, 149, 227, 228, 229, 386, 546, 567, , 634, 693, TE: T31-T36, T95-T96, T220-T221, T271-T272 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 13-20, 79, 80, 203, 204, 233, 234; People and Geography, 9, 15; World Cultures Skills Workbook Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 33, 51, 55; DK World Atlas 27

28 (Continued) Difference between past, present and future (Continued) ; Transparency 1, 14, 68, 122, 123, 124 Sequential order of historical narrative SE: 34-35, 35-37, 71-76, 79-84, 93-96, , 105, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , ; , , ; TE: T31-T33, T42-T43, T129-T135, T137-T139, T140-T141, T168-T170, T173-T174, T176- T178, T196-T198, T257-T262, T265-T268, TR: T Guided Reading and Review Workbook; People and Geography, Activities; Social Studies Skills Handbook; DK World Atlas Data presented in time lines SE: xx-1, 56-57, 131, 150*, , , 281, , , , 627, TE: T51, T79, T85, T108, T183, T196, T245, T257 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 9, 24 Continuity and change SE: 14-15, 19-22, 23, 25, 55, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

29 Continuity and change (Continued) (Continued) TE: T26-T28, T57-T58, T89-T90, T139-T140, T146-T147, T158-T159, T182-T183, T196- T197, T129-T130, T243-T244, T249-T250, T259-T260, T267-T268, T271-T272 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 9-12, 41, 73, 121, 129, 149, 165, 181, 201, 221, 227, 239, 247, 251; People and Geography, 9, 11, 31-35, 42-46, 48; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 42, 49, 51, 52, 58; DK World Atlas ; Transparency 4, 18, 23, 33, 45, 68, 74, 91, 96, 98, 104, 123, 124 Context for events SE: 2-3, 26-27, 58-59, 78-79, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , TE: T24, T31, T40, T46, T55, T64, T71, T77, T85, T94, T102, T108, T114, T120, T128, T137, T145, T151, T158, T167, T173, T181, T189, T195, T203, T210, T218, T225, T233, T240, T248, T256, T265, T271 B. Analyze and interpret historical sources. TR: People and Geography Activities; Social Studies Skills Handbook; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet; DK World Atlas Resource Pro CD-ROM Literal meaning of historical passages SE: 743, 765, 769, TE: T269, T277, T278 Data in historical and contemporary maps, graphs, and tables SE: 9, 48, 96, 159, 182, 183, 204, 238, 313, 546, 567, 627, 651, 681, 687, 708, 709, 741, 766, , TE: T37, T99, T125, T278, T280 29

30 (Continued) Data in historical and contemporary maps, graphs, and tables (Continued) TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 31, 33, 39, 55, 62; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Different historical perspectives SE: 151, 428, 540, 541, 547, 629, 634, 767, TE: T68, T164, T200, T201, T230, T231, T278 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47 Data from maps, graphs and tables SE: 9, 48, 96, 159, 182, 183, 204, 238, 244, 313, 546, 567, 627, 651, 681, 683, 687, 705, 708, 709, 741, 766, , TE: TR: T37, T99, T125, T278, T280 World Cultures Skills Workbook; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 31, 33, 39, 55, 62; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Map and Photo Visual data presented in historical evidence SE: 21, 38, 41, 68, 588, 682, 689, 697, 741, 742, 743, 744, 747, 749, 765 TE: T28, T34, T266-T269, T271-T272, T277 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 247, 248, 249, 250; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42, 58 ; World Geography Map and Photo C. Analyze the fundamentals of historical interpretation. Fact versus opinion SE: 151, 767 TE: T68, T184, T278 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47; World Cultures Skills Workbook 30

31 Reasons/causes for multiple points of view SE: 131, 311, 387, 540, 609, 629, 634, 767 TE: T62, T124, T149, T185, T200, T222-T223, T230, T231, T278 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47; World Cultures Skills Workbook Illustrations in historical documents and stories SE: 51, 72, 153, 241, 315, 423, 428, 431, 522, 543, 631, 743, 761, 763, 769, TE: T37, T42, T68, T99, T125, T161, T164, T200, T230, T275, T278 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 58; Humanities Pack Causes and results SE: 54, 77, , 232, 281, 387, 409, 434, 567, 628, 657, 664, 727 TE: T38, T44, T96, T112, T148, T156, T165, T208, T230, T233, T238, T241, T263 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 33, 34; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 47, 49; DK World Atlas; World Cultures Skills Workbook Author or source used to develop historical narratives SE: 50, 152, 240, 314, 430, 541, 542, 630, 768, TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47 Resource Pro CD-ROM Central issue SE: 156, 244, 318, 434, 546, 609, 634, 650, 657, 683, 772 TE: T68-T69, T99-T100, T125-T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T222, T230-T231, T235, T237, T246, T278-T279 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 16; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42 D. Analyze and interpret historical research. 31

32 Historical event (time and place) SE: , 635, , , TE: T65-T66, T231, T240-T245 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 49, 50, ; People and Geography 26, 28, 48; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 11, 47; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 75; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28, 41, 48, 49, 50, 58; DK World Atlas Resource Pro CD-ROM; World Geography Videos; Exam View Test ; Transparency 91 Facts, folklore and fiction SE: 50-51, , 239, 393, 409, , 541, 765, TE: T37, T66, T99, T152, T153, T164, T200 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 51, 135, 137; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 48; DK World Atlas Historical questions SE: 27, 33, 37, 42, 71, 79, 93, 97, 102, 107, 111, 133 TE: Bell Ringer Activities Primary sources SE: 55, 157, 244, 245, 312, 318, 319, 428, 434, 435, 540, 547, 522, 539, 547, 589, 629, 634, 635, 739, 767, 772, 773 TE: T37-T38, T68-T69, T99-T100, T125-T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T230-T231, T278- T280 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47, 58, 60 Secondary sources SE: 55, 157, 245, 319, 435, 541, 547, 635, 773 TE: T37-T38, T68-T69, T99-T100, T125-T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T230-T231, T278- T280 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47 32

33 Conclusions (e.g., History Day projects, mock trials, speeches) SE: 55, 157, 245, 319, 435, 547, 627, 635, 695, 773 TE: T37-T38, T68-T69, T99-T100, T122, T125- T126, T164-T165, T200-T201, T230-T231, T278-T280 TR: World Cultures Skills Workbook, 12-13, 54-58; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet; People and Geography Activity booklet; DK World Atlas Credibility of evidence SE: 151, 629, 767 TE: T68, T230, T278 TR: Social Studies Skills Handbook, 47 Resource Pro CD-ROM 8.4. World History GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to analyze cultural, economic, geographic, political and social relations to... A. Analyze the significance of individuals and groups who made major political and cultural contributions to world history before Political and Military Leaders (e.g., King Asoka, Montezuma I, Ghenghis Khan, William the Conqueror) Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., Mansa Musa, Yak Pac, Cheng Ho, Marco Polo) SE: , 337, 341, 396, , , 577, 579, 647, 648, 714 TE: T78-T79, T132, T152-T153, T204-T205, T211-T212, T234-T235 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 61, 62, 113, 135, 136, 187, 188, 193, 194, 213, 214; People and Geography, 6; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 28, 39, 49; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 105, 112 SE: 78, 80-82, 187, 337, , 571, 574, 660, 661 TE: T46-T47, T78-T79, T131-T132, T210-T211, T240-T241 33

34 (Continued) Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., Mansa Musa, Yak Pac, Cheng Ho, Marco Polo) Innovators and Reformers (e.g., Erastostenes, Tupac Inka Yupenqui, Johannes Gutenberg) (Continued) TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 27, 28, 61, 62, 113, 114, 191, 192, 217, 218; People and Geography booklet; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 39, 41, 48, 49; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos SE: , TE: T234-T235, T240-T241 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 213, 214, 217, 218; People and Geography booklet; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 41, 49; DK World Atlas B. Analyze historical documents, material artifacts and historic sites important to world history before Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Rosetta Stone, Aztec glyph writing, Dead Sea Scrolls, Magna Carta) Artifacts, Architecture and Historic Places (e.g., Ethiopian rock churches, Mayan pyramids, Nok terra cotta figures, megaliths at Stonehenge) Historic districts (e.g., Memphis and its Necropolis, Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, Centre of Rome and the Holy See) SE: 72, 78, 184, , 393, 398, , 435, , 558, 666 TE: T103, T164, T204-T205, T206 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook,85 187, 188, 189; People and Geography booklet; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos SE: 73, 81, 83, 184, 185, 379, 410, 423, 436, 451, 449, 454, 548, 568, 571, 573, 636, 638, 713 TR: People and Geography booklet; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos SE: 338, 342, 452, 563, 568, 571 TE: T132, T169, T206, T210 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 113, 151, 153, 191; People and Geography booklet; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas 34

35 (Continued) Historic districts (e.g., Memphis and its Necropolis, Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, Centre of Rome and the Holy See) (Continued) ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 4, 84 C. Analyze how continuity and change throughout history has impacted belief systems and religions, commerce and industry, innovations, settlement patterns, social organization, transportation and roles of women before Africa SE: 71-76, 79-84, 85-92, 572 TE: T42-T43, T46-T47, T47-T48 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30; People and Geography,; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 39, 41, 49; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 4, 112 Americas SE: 446, , 455, 528 TE: T168-T170 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 41 DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 4, 84, 86 Asia SE: , 175, , , , 193, 199, , , 263, , , , , , , , , , , 567, , , , TE: T73-T75, T77-T81, T103-T106, T125, T129- T132, T146-T147, T152-T154, T164, T204- T208, T211-T213, T230 35

36 Asia (Continued) (Continued) TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook,57-58, 59-64, 85-88, , , , , ; People and Geography, 5, 6, 45, 48; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 3, 28, 42, 48, 52, 55, 59; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 15, 20, 24-25, 26, 31-32, 41, 44-45, 54-58; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 23, 36-37, 38-39, 40-41, 42, 47-48, 49-50, 51-52, 64, 68-69, 70-71; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 4, 74, 105, 121, 127 Europe SE: 565, 572, , , 657, , , 724 TE: T210, T234-T238, T240-T241, T257-T258 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, , , ; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 19, 41, 49, 52, 56; World Cultures Skills Workbook, 38-39, 54-58; World Cultures Enrichment Booklet, 80-81, 82-83; DK World Atlas ; World Geography Videos; Transparency 98 D. Analyze how conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations impacted world history through 1500 in Africa, Americas, Asia and Europe. Domestic Instability SE: TE: T236 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 215; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 52; DK World Atlas Ethnic and Racial Relations SE: , 578 TE: T151, T211-T212 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 133, 134, 193, 194; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 33, 48; DK World Atlas ; Transparency 71, 74, 105,

37 Labor Relations SE: , 578 TE: T89-T90, T211-T213 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 73, 193, 195; People and Geography, 48; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 42; DK World Atlas Immigration and Migration SE: 6-7, 20, 30-32, 33-34, 100, , 307, , 453, , , 662, 665 TE: T24-T25, T27-T28, T32, T173-T174 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 5, 6, 15, 155, 156; People and Geography, 15; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 28; DK World Atlas Military Conflicts SE: , 652, 655 TE: T211-T212, T235-T236 TR: Guided Reading and Review Workbook, 193, 194, 215, 216; People and Geography, 26, 28; Social Studies Skills Handbook, 49, 52, 56; DK World Atlas ; Transparency 105 Reference: &social_studies Nav= 37