GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA

Transcription

1 GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA New Frontiers and Emerging Challenges Editors Swapan Kumar Pramanick Ramanuj Ganguly

2 Center of Associates for Sociological Studies and Action (Kolkata) Endeavour GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA New Frontiers and Emerging Challenges Edited by SWAPAN KUMAR PRAMANICK Vice Chancellor Vidyasagar University Midnapore, West Bengal RAMANUJ GANGULY Reader and Head Department of Sociology West Bengal State University New Delhi

3 GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA: New Frontiers and Emerging Challenges Edited by Swapan Kumar Pramanick and Ramanuj Ganguly 2010 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi and Printed by Mohan Makhijani at Rekha Printers Private Limited, New Delhi

4 Contents Preface... xi Acknowledgements... xiii List of Contributors... xv Introduction Globalization... 1 Capitalism and Globalization... 3 Economic Globalization in the Developing Countries... 9 Enhancement in Trading Activities... 9 Free-movement of Capital Enhanced Financial Flows Enhanced Inequality in Distribution of Income Widening Rich-Poor Divide Loss of State Autonomy Insecurity and Volatility Globalization and India India in the Globalized World The Inception Positive Aspects Negative Aspects Current Trend The Book Chapter 1: Economic Globalization: Understanding the Process beyond the Polemics Sangeeta Mahapatra Abstract The Tri-band of Globalization: Transference, Transformation and Transcendence Clash in Characterization Defects in Strong Economic Globalization Theses Understanding Economic Globalization in the Present iii

5 iv Contents The Polemics of Growth, Poverty and Inequality Global Financial Crisis Economic Globalization: Overlapping Communities of Fates References Chapter 2: Globalization and Sustainable Development: Contextualising a Sociological Discourse R.N. Mohanty Abstract Globalization Making Sense Globalization Some Misgivings Globalization is a New Phenomenon Globalization is Synonymous with Westernization Globalization Weakens State Sovereignty Globalization is Internationalization Globalization is Same as Modernization Globalization is Linear Globalization Impedes Localization Globalization and Globalism Globalization Means Homogenization Globalization and Sustainable Development Effects of Globalization on Sustainability The Neo-liberal Cornucopian Reform Minded Skepticism Global Justice Three Competing Perspectives on Sustainable Development Skeptics: Beyond Growth Ecological Justice Conclusion References Chapter 3: Globalization, Crony Capitalism and the Indian Context of SEZ Purba Chattopadhyay Abstract The Contemporary Process of Globalization India in the Globalized World Preconditions of Inception of Globalization in India Present Status Crony Capitalism Emergence of Crony Capitalism Crony Capitalism in India... 78

6 Contents v SEZ the Indian Scenario Is There a Way Out? References Chapter 4: Impact of Globalization on the Food Consumption of Urban India Swarna Sadasivam Vepa Abstract Introduction Backdrop of Indian Globalization and Urbanization Globalization, Processed Food Imports and Domestic Expansion Patterns of Urban Consumption Trends in Average Consumption Consumption Across the Expenditure Classes Processed and Ready to Eat Foods Consumption and Production Average Consumption Across the States Food Intake of the Urban Lower-income Classes Nutritional Status of the Urban Population Nutritional Disorders in Children Problem of Obesity Among Non-poor Conclusion Notes References Chapter 5: The Impact of Economic Liberalization on Employment and Wages in India Sonia Bhalotra Abstract Introduction Introducing Economic Liberalization What is Economic Liberalization? Overview of Liberalization in India Is Liberalization Good? Approaches to Evaluation The Nature of the Debate: An Illustration Employment: Changes In Level And Structure Priorities and Problems Quality of Employment Labour Laws and Job Security Regulations Employment Changes in the Reform Era Economic Reforms and Employment Growth Employment in the 1980s

7 vi Contents Employment in the 1990s Child Labour Unemployment Concepts and Data The Time Pattern The Regional Pattern Alternative Explanations of Persistent Unemployment Rate Differentials Labour Demand and Unemployment Rates The Wage-dampening Effect of Unemployment The Long-run Wage-unemployment Relation Across Regions140 Kerala: The Outlier Wages: Growth and Distribution Wage Growth in the Reform Era Wage Structure Imperfectly Competitive Labour Markets Wage Determinants: A Summary of Findings Efficiency Wages Productivity Economy-wide Productivity Growth Productivity Growth in Organized Manufacturing The Production Technology in Indian Manufacturing Issues of Measurement of Productivity Growth Growth Accounting Returns to Scale: Scale Efficiency Regional Productivity Differentials Conclusion Notes References APPENDIX 1: Alternative Employment Models APPENDIX 2: Methods of Estimating TFPG Chapter 6: Global Forces of Change and Innovation: Issues of Organizational Stress Sudeshna Basu Mukhrjee and Anjali Ray Abstract Global Forces of Change and Issues in Organization Change and Stress of Innovation in Organizational System Rapid Global Change and Life Event Stress of Managers in Modernized Organization Life Events Stress Conclusion Notes References

8 Contents vii Chapter 7: How to Govern Corporate Houses? Significance of Industrial Democracy and Social Unionism in the Context of Globalization Biswajit Ghosh Abstract Introduction Relevance of Industrial Democracy in Contemporary Society Rise of Concern for Social Unionism Indian Experience Rise of New Type of Unionism in Post-Liberalized India Conclusion Notes References Chapter 8: Globalization and Neo-liberal Economic Reforms in India: A Critical Review Kalim Siddiqui Abstract Introduction The Adoption of Neo-liberalism and Economic Growth Capital Inflows Changing Perception in the West Inter-sectoral and Regional Changes Conclusion Notes References Chapter 9: The Indo-US Nuclear Deal in an Era of Globalization Gomathy Narayan Abstract Notes References APPENDIX: Chronology of the Indo US Nuclear Deal Chapter 10: Falling in Love in Mumbai: Professional Women and Companionate Marriage Susan Dewey Abstract Introduction Methodology and Brief Synopsis of Findings

9 viii Contents Modern Marriages, Historically Situated Globalization, Mass Media and the Companionate Ideal in Mumbai Conclusion Notes References Chapter 11: Changing Urban Landscape: A Socio-Semiotic Profile of a Shopping Mall in Kolkata Amit Sanyal Abstract City Centre, Kolkata The Architecture and the Settings Display and Its Effects Socio-semiotics of the Mall Transportation Transaction Food Fashion Technology Body Space Conclusion Notes References Chapter 12: The Water Privatization Process, Global Politics and Ecological Struggles in India Vandana Asthana Abstract Introduction Economic Liberalization at the World Stage The Process of Economic Liberalization in India National and International Developments in the Water Sector Sub-national Dynamics and Private Sector Participation in Water Models of Privatization in India The Case of the Delhi Water Reform Project Sonia Vihar Water Treatment Plant: Disputed from the Very Beginning Water Distribution by Private companies Protests against the Project Whose Water, for Whom and at What Costs? Notes References

10 Contents ix Chapter 13: Beyond Globalization: A Cultural Study [A New CMIE Matrix] Abir Chattopadhyay Abstract Introduction Towards a Global (Corporate) Culture? Manifold Crises: A Cultural Jolt? Transcorporatization and Emergence of Newer Cultural Establishments Globalization Americanization: TNC-ization and Media-ization Cleansing Ethnicity: US Route Towards Globalization Political Economy of Media: Conglomeration and Decline of Democracy Mediation and Consumption: Third Phase of Modernity Centres and Peripheries: The Gap is widening Deprivation Vs. Development? An Aberrant Polarization Deterritorialization of Culture Failure of the Structure? A New Definition of Culture and Social Peripheries Conclusion Notes References Chapter 14: Hindi Popular Cinema: Negotiating the Global and the Nation Samarpita Ghosh Ray Abstract The Advent of Global Culture and Its Ramifications Cinema and the Nation and Its Entry into the Globalization Early Signs of the Global and a Retreatist State Rise of Belligerent Nationalism Space Refined by Power and Logic of Capital Rise of a Consumable Hero Eroticized and Fetishized Heronies Branding of Popular Hindi Film: The Phenomena Called Bollywood Re-territorialized Nation: An Invitation to the Diaspora Notes References

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