GEOGRAPHY THE HUMAN AND PHYSICAL WORLD

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1 GEOGRAPHY THE HUMAN AND PHYSICAL WORLD Richard G. Boehm, Ph. D. Bothell, WA Chicago, IL Columbus, OH New York, NY

2 HOW DO I STUDY GEOGRAPHV? SCAVENGER HUNT xxx xxxii REFERENCE ATLASTABLE OF CONTENTS RA1 Geographie Dietionary RA2 WorldTimeZones RM WorldGDPCartogram RA6 WorldPopulationCartogram RA8 NorthAmerica Physieal RA10 North Ameriea Politieal RA 11 South Ameriea Phys.ieal RA 12 South Ameriea Political RA 13 Europe Physieal Europe Politieal Africa Physical Africa Political Asia Physical Asia Political Oeeania PhysicallPolitical Polar Regions RA14 RA16 RA18 RA19 RA20 RA22 RA24 RA26 UNITONE The World 1 How Geographers Look at the World 11 How does geography help us interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future? Why Geography Matters Distribution of Political Power 12 Yhe Geographer's Yools 14 Yhe Geographer's Craft 26 The Physical World 37 How do physical processes shape Earth's surface? Why Geography Matters Economics and Resources: Water Scarcity 38 Planet Earth 40 Forces ofchange 44 Earth's Water 51 8This icon indicates where reading skills and writing skills from the Cammon tc~scare State Standards for English Longuage Arts & Literaey in History/Sacia/ Studies, Scienee, and Technica/Subjeet5 are practiced and reinforced. iv

3 Climates of the Earth 57 Why is dimate important to life on Earth? Why Geography Matters Climate Change: The Impacts on Humans 58 Earth-Sun Relationships 60 Factors Affecting Climate 64 World Climate Patterns 69 The Human World 75 How do the characteristics and distribution ofhuman populations affeet human and physical systems? Why Geography Matters The Human Development Index 76 Global Cultures 78 Population Geography 82 Political Geography 87 CaseStudy How Has Globalization Changed Modern Culture? 92 LESSON 4 Economic Geography 94 Global Connections: Patterns of Resource Distribution 100 LESSON 5 Urban Geography 102

UNITTWO The United States and Canada 109 The United States 117 Haw da physica/systems systems shape a p/ace? and human Why Geography Matters Patterns of Immigration.

4 UNITTWO The United States and Canada 109 The United States 117 Haw da physica/systems systems shape a p/ace? and human Why Geography Matters Patterns of Immigration..., 118 Physical Geography of the United States 120 Human Geography of the United States 125 CaseStudy The Environment: How Can Drought Lead to Conflict in the United States? 132 The United States 134 Canada 141 Haw da physica/systems and human systems shape a p/ace? Why Geography Matters Energy Resources and Indigenous Rights 142 Physical Geography of Canada 144 Human Geography of Canada 149 Global Connections: Two Decades of NAFTA 156 Canada 158

5 UNITTHREE Latin America 165 Mexico 173 Why Geography Matters Challenges of Urbanization 174 PhysicalGeography of Mexico 176 Human Geography of Mexico 180 Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean 193 Why Geography Matters Spatial Diffusion: The Columbian Exchange 194 PhysicalGeography of Central America and the Caribbean 196 Human Geography of Central America and the Caribbean 200 (ase Study What Kind of Development Is Best for Haiti? 206 Central America and the Caribbean 208

6 South America 215 Why Geography Matters Economic Geography: Uneven Development 216 lesson 1 Physical Geography of South America '" 218 lesson 2 Human Geography of South America 223 Global Connections: Amazon in the Balance 230 lesson 3 South America 232 UNITFOUR Europe 239 Northern Europe 247 Why Geography Matters Volcanic Eruption in Iceland 248 lesson 1 Physical Geography of Northern Europe 250 lesson 2 Human Geography of Northern Europe 255 lesson 3 Northern Europe 261

7 Northwestern Europe 267 How do physicaf systems and human systems shape a pface? Why Geography Matters Suburban Growth and Transportation 268 Physical Geography of Northwestern Europe 270 Human Geography of Northwestern Europe 275 (ase Study How Beneficialls the European Union? 282 Northwestern Europe 284 Southern Europe 291 How do physicaf systems and human systems shape a pface? Why Geography Matters Labor Migration trom North Africa 292 Physical Geography of Southern Europe 294 Human Geography of Southern Europe 299 Southern Europe 305 Eastern Europe 311 How do physicaf systems and human WhyGeographyMatters The Breakup otyugoslavia Physical Geography of Eastern Europe 314 Human Geography of Eastern Europe 319 Eastern Europe 326

8 The Russian Core 333 Haw da physica/systems and human systems shape a p/ace? Why Geography Matters Russia's Shrinking Population 334 Physical Geography of the Russian Core 336 Human Geography of the Russian Core 341 Global Connections: Arctic Oil Frontiers 348 The Russian Core 350 UNIT FIVE North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia 357 North Africa 365 Haw da physica/systems and human systems shape a p/ace? Why Geography Matters Choke Point: Suez Canal Physical Geography of North Africa 368 Human Geography of North Africa 372 Global Connections: The Arab Spring 378 North Africa 380

9 The Eastern Mediterranean 387 ESENTIAL Why Geography Matters The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 388 Physical Geography of the Eastern Mediterranean 390 Human Geography of the Eastern Mediterranean 395 The Eastern Mediterranean 402 The Northeast 409 Why Geography MaUers A Stateless Nation: The Kurds 410 Physical Geography of the Northeast. 412 Human Geography of the Northeast. '" 416 (ase Study How Have Sunni and Shia Beliefs Led to Conflict? 422 The Northeast 424 The Arabian Peninsula 431 Why Geography Matters Migrant Workers in the Arabian Peninsula 432 Physical Geography of the Arabian Peninsula 434 Human Geography of the Arabian Peninsula 438 The Arabian Peninsula 444

Central Asia 451 Why Geography Matters Afghanistan's Troubled History 452 Physical Geography of Central Asia 454 Human Geography of Central Asia 459 Central Asia 466 UNIT SIX Africa South of the

10 Central Asia 451 Why Geography Matters Afghanistan's Troubled History 452 Physical Geography of Central Asia 454 Human Geography of Central Asia 459 Central Asia 466 UNIT SIX Africa South of the Sahara 473 The Transition Zone 481 Why Geography Matters Diffusion: Muslim and non-muslim Cultures 482 Physical Geography of the Transition Zone 484 Human Geography of the Transition Zone 489 The Transition Zone 496 East Africa 503 WhyGeography Matters Export Crops and East Africa.504 Physical Geography of East Africa 506 Human Geography of East Africa 511 (ase Study Should the Blue Nile Dam Be Built? 518 East Africa 520

11 West Africa 527 Haw da physiwl systems and human Why Geography Matters Empowering Women in West Africa 528 lesson 1 Physical Geography of West Africa 530 lesson 2 Human Geography ofwest Africa 535 Global Connections: Conflict Diamonds 542 lesson 3 West Africa 544 Equatorial Africa 551 Haw da physiwl systems and human WhyGeography Matters South Sudan: Independence and Conflict 552 lesson 1 Physical Geography of Equatorial Africa 554 lesson 2 Human Geography of Equatorial Africa 559 lesson 3 Equatorial Africa 566 Southern Africa 573 Haw da physiwl systems and human Why Geography Matters Southern Africa and HIV/AIDS 574 lesson 1 Physical Geography of Southern Africa 576 lesson 2 Human Geography of Southern Africa 581 lesson 3 Southern Africa 588

12 UNIT SEVEN South Asia 595 India 603 Why Geography Matters India's Population Structure 604 PhysicalGeography of India 606 Human Geography of India 611 CaseStudy What Is the Future of Kashmir? 618 India 620 Pakistan and Bangladesh 627 Why Geography Matters Flood-Prone Pakistan and Bangladesh 628 PhysicalGeography of Pakistan and Bangladesh 630 Human Geography of Pakistan and Bangladesh 634 Global Connections: South Asia on the Brink 640 Pakistan and Bangladesh 642

Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 649 Why Geography Matters Nepal's Role as a Buffer State 650 lesson 1 Physical Geography of Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 652 lesson 2 lesson 3 Human

13 Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 649 Why Geography Matters Nepal's Role as a Buffer State 650 lesson 1 Physical Geography of Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 652 lesson 2 lesson 3 Human Geography of Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 657 Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal & Sri Lanka 663 UNIT EIGHT East Asia 669 China and Mongolia 677 Why Geography Matters China's Growing Energy Demands 678 lesson 1 lesson 2 Physical Geography of China and Mongolia 680 Human Geography of China and Mongolia 685 CaseStudy Are Limits on Growth Best for China? lesson 3 China and Mongolia 694 Japan 701 WhyGeography Matters Japan's Aging Population lesson 1 Physical Geography of Japan Global Connections: The Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami lesson 2 Human Geography of Japan 710 lesson 3 Japan 717

North Korea and South Korea 723 Why Geography Matters Complementarity: Two Koreas 724 Physical Geography of North Korea and South Korea 726 Human Geography of North Korea and South Korea 730 North

14 North Korea and South Korea 723 Why Geography Matters Complementarity: Two Koreas 724 Physical Geography of North Korea and South Korea 726 Human Geography of North Korea and South Korea 730 North Korea and South Korea UNIT NINE Southeast Asia and the Pacific World 743 Southeast Asia 751 Why Geography Matters Emerging Markets in Southeast Asia 752 Physical Geography of Southeast Asia 754 Human Geography of Southeast Asia 759 Southeast Asia 766

15 Australia and New Zealand 773 Why Geography Matters Australia and New Zealand: Indigenous Peoples 774 PhysicalGeography of Australia and New Zealand 776 Human Geography of Australia and New Zealand 781 Global Connections: Non-Native Species: Rabbits in Australia 788 Australia and New Zealand 790 Oceania 797 Why Geography Matters Samoa Hops the International Date Une 798 PhysicalGeographyof Oceania 800 Human Geography of Oceania 804 CaseStudy Who Owns the High Seas? 810 Oceania 812 Special Feature: Antaretiea 819 World Religions Handbook 826 Gazetteer 846 English/Spanish Glossary 856 Index 883

16 Why Geography Matters Distribution ofpolitical Power i Economics and Resources: Water $carcity 38 Climate Change: The Impacts on Humans 58 The Human Development Index 76 Patterns of Immigration 118 Energy Resourcesand Indigenous Rights 142 Challenges of Urbanization 174 Spatial Diffusion: The Columbian Exchange 194 Economic Geography: Uneven Development 216 Volcanic Eruption in Iceland 248 Suburban Growth and Transportation 268 Labor Migration from North Africa 292 The Breakup ofyugoslavia 312 Russia'sShrinking Population 334 Choke Point: Suez Canal 366 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 388 A Stateless Nation: The Kurds 410 Migrant Workers inthe Arabian Peninsula Afghanistan's Troubled History 452 Diffusion: Muslim and non-muslim Cultures 482 Export Crops and East Africa 504 Empowering Women in West Africa 528 South Sudan: Independence and Conflict 552 Southern Africa and HIV/AIDS 574 India's Population Structure 604 Flood-Prone Pakistan and Bangladesh 628 Nepal's Role as a Buffer State 650 China's Growing Energy Demands 678 Japan's Aging Population 702 Complementarity: Two Koreas 724 Emerging Markets in Southeast Asia 752 Australia and New Zealand: Indigenous Peoples 774 Samoa Hops the International Date Line 798 (ase Study The United States and Canada 110 Latin America 166 Europe 240 North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia 358 Africa South ofthe Sahara 474 South Asia 596 East Asia 670 Southeast Asia and the Padfic World 744 How Has Globalization Changed Modern Culture? 92 How Can Drought Lead to Conflict in the United States? 132 What Kind of Development Is Best for Haiti? 206 How Benefidalls the European Union? 282 How Have Sunni and Shia Beliefs Led to Conflict? 422 Should the Blue Nile Dam Be Built? 518 What Isthe Future ofkashmir? 618 Are Limits on Growth Best for China? 692 Who Owns the High Seas? 810

17 Global Connections Patterns of Resllurce Distribution......,.1 Two Decades of NAFTA 156 Amazon in the Balance 230 ArcticOil Frontiers 348 The Arab Spring South Asia on the Brink 640 The Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami 708 Non-Native Species: Rabbits in Australia 788 ConnectiJ1j ~eojyafhj to... Math: Mapmaking Science: Astronomy 41 Science: C1imatology 66 Government: Geopolitics 91 Science: Soil Science 124 Science: Biology 148 Science: Environmental Science 189 Science: Climatology 199 History: Before Columbus 202 Science: Biology 221 Science: Geology 254 Science: Cap-and-Trade Systems 288 Science: Demography 301 Government: Environmental Politics 330 Economics: Privatization 347 Government: Geopolitics 384 Economics: Development 400 Science: SoiIErosioninlraq Science: Air-Conditioning 436 Government: Water Management. 448 Government: Saving the Aral Sea 470 Math: Geometry 487 History: Naming Places 510 Sociology: Social Norms 540 History: Slave Forts 561 Math: Output of the Kariba Hydroeleetric Dam 579 Math: India's GDP 617 History: Natural Disaster. 635 Science: Genetics 660 Sociology: Hanami: Viewing of Flowers 706 Science: The DMZ 729 Science: Tsunamis 756 Sociology: The Outback 780 Science: Carbon Dating 805

World Geography CP and Honors Curriculum Pacing Guide

World Geography CP and Honors Curriculum Pacing Guide Unit 1 The World Unit 2 The United States and Canada Pacing 12 days 5 days SC Standards/ Indicators WG-1.1 WG-1.2 WG-1.3 WG-1.4 WG-2.1 WG-2.2 WG-2.3 WG-2.4 WG-2.5 Analyze physical characteristics of the