APHUG NORWALK HIGH SCHOOL MR. WALTER

Transcription

1 APHUG NORWALK HIGH SCHOOL MR. WALTER

2 SYLLABUS Teacher: Mr. Walter Room: 621 Phone: (562) x Course Description: In AP Human Geography, students will systematically study the distribution, cultures, and effects of the human population on our planet. Students will work hard to develop greater critical thinking and writing skills as they prepare for the AP Human Geography Exam in May. Course Expectations: Advanced Placement (AP) classes are challenging. AP Human Geography is a rigorous, college-level course. The rewards can be tremendous, but you must be willing to work hard if you are going to be successful here. Students are expected to follow directions, be proactive, think critically, show respect, and demonstrate maturity and excellence at all times. Textbooks: 1. Foubert, Erin. AP Human Geography. Wiley Swanson, Kelly. AP Human Geography. Kaplan Required Materials: One college ruled spiral bound notebook. Grades: Point/Scale System: A = 100% - 90% B = 89% - 80% C = 79% - 70% D = 69% - 60% F = 59% - 0% Conduct and Attendance The Norwalk High School conduct and attendance and policies will be strictly enforced. Please see the Norwalk High School Parent-Student Handbook for details.

3 KEY TERMS Directions: In your key terms notebook, please take careful in-class lecture notes as we discuss the key terms listed below. Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Basic Concepts (1) Changing attributes of place (built landscape, sequent occupance) (2) Cultural attributes (cultural landscape) (3) Density (arithmetic, physiological) (4) Diffusion (hearth, relocation, expansion, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus) (5) Direction (absolute, relative) (6) Dispersion/concentration (dispersed/scattered, clustered/agglomerated) (7) Distance (absolute, relative) (8) Distribution (9) Environmental determinism (10) Location (absolute, relative, site, situation, place name) (11) Pattern (linear, centralized, random) (12) Physical attributes (natural landscape) (13) Possibilism (14) Region (formal/uniform, functional/nodal, perceptual/vernacular) (15) Scale (implied degree of generalization) (16) Spatial (of or pertaining to space on or near Earth s surface) (17) Spatial interaction (accessibility, connectivity, network, distance decay, friction of distance, time-space compression) Geographic Tools (18) Distortion (19) Geographic Information System (GIS) (20) Global Positioning System (GPS) (21) Grid (North and South Poles, latitude, parallel, equator, longitude, meridian, prime meridian, international date line) (22) Map (Maps are the tool most uniquely identified with geography) (23) Map scale (distance on a map relative to distance on Earth) (24) Map types (thematic, statistical, cartogram, dot, choropleth, isoline) (25) Mental map (26) Model (a simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify causal relationships) (27) Projection (28) Remote sensing (29) Time zones

4 Unit 2: Population and Migration Population Migration (1) Age distribution (35) Activity space (2) Carrying capacity (36) Chain migration (3) Cohort (37) Cyclic movement (4) Demographic equation (38) Distance decay (5) Demographic momentum (39) Forced migration (6) Demographic regions (40) Gravity model (7) Demographic Transition model (41) Internal migration (8) Dependency ratio (42) Intervening opportunity (9) Diffusion of fertility control (43) Migration patterns (10) Disease diffusion - Intercontinental (11) Doubling time - Interregional (12) Ecumene - Rural-urban (13) Epidemiological Transition model (44) Migratory movement (14) Gendered space (45) Periodic movement (15) Infant mortality rate (46) Personal space (16) J-curve (47) Place utility (17) Maladaptation (48) Push-pull factors (18) Malthus, Thomas (49) Refugee (19) Mortality (50) Space-time prism (20) Natality (51) Step migration (21) Neo-Malthusian (52) Transhumance (22) Overpopulation (53) Transmigration (23) Population densities (54) Voluntary migration (24) Population distributions (25) Population explosion (26) Population projection (27) Population pyramid (28) Rate of natural increase (29) S-curve (30) Sex ratio (31) Standard of living (32) Sustainability (33) Underpopulation (34) Zero population growth

5 Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Concepts of Culture Language (1) Acculturation (29) Creole (2) Assimilation (30) Dialect (3) Cultural adaptation (31) Indo-European languages (4) Cultural core/periphery pattern (32) Isogloss (5) Cultural ecology (33) Language (6) Cultural identity (34) Language family (7) Cultural landscape (35) Language group (8) Cultural realm (36) Lingua franca (9) Culture (37) Linguistic diversity (10) Culture region (38) Monolingual/multilingual - Formal core, periphery (39) Official language - Functional node (40) Pidgin - Vernacular (perceptual) (41) Toponym (11) Diffusion types (42) Trade language - Expansion - hierarchical - contagious - stimulus - Relocation (12) Innovation adoption (13) Maladaptive diffusion (14) Sequent occupance Folk and Popular Culture (15) Adaptive strategies (16) Anglo-American landscape styles (17) Architectural form (18) Built environment (19) Folk culture (20) Folk food (21) Folk house (22) Folk songs (23) Folklore (24) Material culture (25) Nonmaterial culture (26) Popular culture (27) Survey systems (28) Traditional architecture

6 Religion Ethnicity (42) Animism (81) Acculturation (44) Buddhism (82) Adaptive strategy (45) Cargo cult pilgrimage (83) Assimilation (46) Christianity (84) Barrio (47) Confucianism (85) Chain migration (48) Ethnic religion (86) Cultural adaptation (49) Exclave/enclave (87) Cultural shatterbelt (50) Fundamentalism (88) Ethnic cleansing (51) Geomancy (feng shui) (89) Ethnic conflict (52) Hajj (90) Ethnic enclave (53) Hinduism (91) Ethnic group (54) Interfaith boundaries (92) Ethnic homeland (55) Islam (93) Ethnic landscape (56) Jainism (94) Ethnic neighborhood (57) Judaism (95) Ethnicity (58) Landscapes of the dead (96) Ethnocentrism (59) Monotheism/polytheism (97) Ghetto (60) Mormonism (98) Plural society (61) Muslim pilgrimage (99) Race (62) Muslim population (100) Segregation (63) Proselytic faith (101) Social distance (64) Reincarnation (65) Religion (groups, places) Gender (66) Religious architectural styles (102) Dowry death (67) Religious conflict (103) Enfranchisement (68) Religious culture hearth (104) Gender (69) Religious toponym (105) Gender gap (70) Sacred space (106) Infanticide (71) Secularism (107) Longevity gap (72) Shamanism (108) Maternal mortality rate (73) Sharia law (74) Shintoism (75) Sikhism (76) Sunni/Shia (77) Taoism (78) Theocracy (79) Universalizing (80) Zoroastrianism

7 Unit 4: Political Organization of Space (1) Annexation (30) Geopolitics (2) Antarctica (31) Gerrymander (3) Apartheid (32) Global commons (4) Balkanization (33) Heartland/rimland (5) Border landscape (34) Immigrant states (6) Boundary, disputes (35) International organization - Definitional (36) Iron Curtain - locational (37) Irredentism - operational (38) Israel/Palestine - allocational (39) Landlocked (7) Boundary, origin (40) Law of the Sea - antecedent (41) Lebanon - subsequent (42) Mackinder, Halford - superimposed (43) Manifest destiny - relic (44) Median-line principle (8) Boundary, process (45) Microstate - definition (46) Ministate - delimitation (47) Nation - demarcation (48) Natioanal iconography (9) Boundary, type (49) Nation-state - natural/physical (50) Nunavut - ethnographic/cultural (51) Raison d être - geometric (52) Reapportionment (10) Buffer state (53) Regionalism (11) Capital (54) Religious conflict (12) Centrifugal (55) Reunification (13) Centripetal (56) Satellite state (14) City-state (57) Self-determination (15) Colonialism (58) Shatterbelt (16) Confederation (59) Sovereignty (17) Conference of Berlin (1884) (60) State (18) Core/periphery (61) Stateless ethnic groups (19) Decolonization (62) Stateless nation (20) Devolution (63) Suffrage (21) Domino theory (64) Supranationalism (22) EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) (65) Territorial disputes (23) Electoral regions (66) Territorial shapes (compact, elongated, etc) (24) Enclave/exclave (67) Territoriality (25) Ethnic conflict (68) Theocracy (26) European Union (69) Treaty ports (27) Federal (70) UNCLOS (28) Forward capital (71) Unitary (29) Frontier (72) USSR collapse

8 Unit 5: Agriculture, Food Production and Rural Land Use (1) Adaptive strategies (29) First agricultural revolution (2) Agrarian (30) Fishing (3) Agribusiness (31) Food chain (4) Agricultural industrialization (32) Globalized agriculture (5) Agricultural landscape (33) Green revolution (6) Agricultural location model (34) Growing season (7) Agricultural origins (35) Hunting and gathering (8) Agriculture (36) Intensive subsistence agriculture (9) Animal domestication (37) Intertillage (10) Aquaculture (38) Livestock ranching (11) Biorevolution (39) Market gardening (12) Biotechnology (40) Mediterranean agriculture (13) Collective farm (41) Mineral fuels (14) Commercial agriculture (42) Mining - intensive (43) Planned economy - extensive (44) Plant domestication (15) Core/periphery (45) Plantation agriculture (16) Crop rotation (46) Renewable/nonrenewable (17) Cultivation regions (47) Rural settlement (18) Dairying (48) Sauer, Carl (19) Debt-for-nature swap (49) Second agricultural revolution (20) Diffusion (50) Specialization (21) Double cropping (51) Staple grains (22) Economic activity (52) Suitcase farm - primary (53) Survey patterns - secondary - Long lots - tertiary - Metes and bounds - quaternary - township-and-range - quinary (54) Sustainable yield (23) Environmental modification Third agricultural revolution - pesticides - Mechanization - soil erosion - Chemical farming - desertification - Food manufacturing (24) Extensive subsistence agriculture Tragedy of the commons - shifting cultivation (55) Transhumance - slash-and- burn (56) Truck farm - swidden (57) Von Thünen, Johann Heinric - nomadic herding/pastoralism (25) Extractive industry (26) Farm crisis (27) Farming (28) Feedlot

9 Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development Development (1) Agricultural labor force (40) Ecotourism (2) Calorie consumption (41) Energy resources (3) Core-periphery model (42) Entrepôt (4) Cultural convergence (43) Export processing zone (5) Dependency theory (44) Fixed costs (6) Development (45) Footloose industries (7) Energy consumption (46) Four tigers (8) Foreign direct investment (47) Greenhouse effect (9) Gender (48) Growth poles (10) Gross domestic product (GDP) (49) Heartland/rimland (11) Gross national product (GNP) (50) Industrial location theory (12) Human Development Index (51) Industrial regions (place, fuel, etc) (13) Levels of development (52) Industrial Revolution (14) Measures of development (53) Industry (receding, growing) (15) Neocolonialism (54) Infrastructure (16) Physical Quality of Life Index (55) International division of labor (17) Purchasing power parity (56) Labor-intensive (18) Rostow, W. W. (57) Least-cost location (19) Stages of Growth model (58) Major manufacturing regions (20) Technology gap (59) Manufacturing exports (21) Technology transfer (60) Manufacturing/warehouse location (22) Third World (61) Maquiladoras (23) World Systems Theory (62) Market orientation (63) Multiplier effect Industrialization (64) NAFTA (24) Acid rain (65) Outsourcing (25) Agglomeration (66) Ozone depletion (26) Agglomeration economies (67) Plant location ( just in time delivery) (27) Air pollution (68) Postindustrial (28) Aluminum industry (production, location) (69) Refrigeration (29) Assembly line production/fordism (70) Special economic zones (China) (30) Bid rent theory (71) Specialized economic zones (31) Break-of-bulk point (72)( Threshold/range (32) Canadian industrial heartland (73) Trade (complementarity) (33) Carrier efficiency (74) Transnational corporation (34) Comparative advantage (75) Variable costs (35) Cumulative causation (76) Weber, Alfred (36) Deglomeration (77) Weight-gaining (37) Deindustrialization (78) Weight-losing (38) Economic sectors (79) World cities (39) Economies of scale

10 Unit 7: Cities and Urban Land Use (1) Agglomeration (43) Inner city (2) Barriadas (44) Invasion and succession (3) Bid-rent theory (45) Lateral commuting (4) Blockbusting (46) Medieval cities (5) CBD (central business district) (47) Megacities (6) Census tract (48) Megalopolis/conurbation (7) Centrality (49) Metropolitan area (8) Centralization (50) Multiple nuclei model (9) Central-place theory (51) Multiplier effect (10) Christaller, Walter (52) Neighborhood (11) City (53) Office park (12) Cityscapes (54) Peak land value intersection (13) Colonial city (55) Planned communities (14) Commercialization (56) Postindustrial city (15) Commuter zone (57) Postmodern urban landscape (16) Concentric zone model (58) Primate city (17) Counterurbanization (59) Racial steering (18) Decentralization (60) Rank-size rule (19) Deindustrialization (61) Redlining (20) Early cities (62) Restrictive covenants (21) Economic base (basic/nonbasic) (63) Sector model (22) Edge city (64) Segregation (23) Emerging cities (65) Settlement form (24) Employment structure (66) Site/situation (25) Entrepôt (67) Slum (26) Ethnic neighborhood (68) Street pattern (grid, dendritic, access, etc) (27) Favela (69) Suburb (suburbanization) (28) Female-headed household (70) Symbolic landscape (29) Festival landscape (71) Tenement (30) Gateway city (72) Threshold/range (31) Gender (73) Underclass (32) Gentrification (74) Underemployment (33) Ghetto (75) Urban growth rate (34) Globalization (76) Urbanization (35) Great cities (77) Urbanized population (36) High-tech corridors (78) World city (37) Hinterland (79) Zone in transition (38) Hydraulic civilization (80) Zoning (39) Indigenous city (40) In-filling (41) Informal sector (42) Infrastructure

11 READING SCHEDULE Directions: Reading is due on the dates specified. Please complete the study guide for each unit as you progress through the textbook. Week of August 14, 2017 Monday No School Tuesday No School Wednesday No School Thursday Introduction Friday Introduction Week of August 21, 2017 Monday Introduction Tuesday 1-4 Wednesday 5-7 Thursday 8-10 Friday Week of August 28, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of September 4, 2017 Monday Labor Day Holiday Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Unit 1 Exam (Chapter 1) Friday Week of September 11, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 47-49

12 Week of September 18, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of September 25, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of October 2, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday Unit 2 Exam (Chapters 2-3) Week of October 9, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of October 16, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of October 23, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

13 Week of October 30, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of November 6, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Veteran s Day Holiday Week of November 13, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of November 20, 2017 Monday No School Tuesday- No School Wednesday No School Thursday Thanksgiving Holiday Friday No School Week of November 27, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of December 4, 2017 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Review

14 Week of December 11, 2017 Monday Review Tuesday Unit 3 Exam (Chapters 4-7) Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday Review Week of December 18, 2017 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Final Exam (Semester 1) Thursday Final Exam (Semester 1) Friday No School Week of January 8, 2018 Monday No School Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of January 15, 2018 Monday Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of January 22, 2018 Monday Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday Unit 4 Exam (Chapter 8) Week of January 29, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

15 Week of February 5, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of February 12, 2018 Monday Lincoln s Birthday Holiday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Review Friday Review Week of February 19, 2018 Monday President s Day Holiday Tuesday Unit 5 Exam (Chapter 11) Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of February 26, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of March 5, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of March 12, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Revew

16 Week of March 19, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Unit 6 Exam (Chapters 10 & 12) Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of March 26, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday No School Week of April 2, 2018 Monday No School Tuesday No School Wednesday No School Thursday No School Friday No School Week of April 9, 2018 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Week of April 16, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Unit 7 Exam (Chapter 9) Thursday Review Friday Review Week of April 23, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Final Exam (Semester 2) Friday Final Exam (Semester 2)

17 Week of April 30, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday Review Week of May 7, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday Review Week of May, 14, 2018 Monday Review Tuesday Review Wednesday Review Thursday Review Friday - AP Exam (Friday, May 8:00 a.m.)

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19 STUDY GUIDE UNIT 1 Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Name: Period: 1. What is geography? (see glossary) 2. What is the difference between human geography and physical geography? (p.5) 3. What does spatial distribution refer to? (p.6) 4. What are the five themes of geography? (p.8-10) What is a cultural landscape? (p.10) 6. What is cartography? (p.11) 7. What is the difference between a reference map and a thematic map? (p.11-12) 8. What is the difference between absolute location and relative location? (p.12) 9. What does GPS stand for? (p.12) 10. What is a mental map? (p.12-13) 11. What would be a good example of remote sensing? (p.13) 12. What does GIS stand for? (p.13-14) 13. What is a formal region? (p.18-19) 14. What is a functional region? (p.19-20)

20 15. What is a perceptual region? (p.20-21) 16. What does culture refer to? (p.22-24) 17. What would be a good example of a cultural hearth? (p.24) 18. What would be a good example of a cultural barrier? (p.24) 19. What is the difference between expansion diffusion (p.24) and relocation diffusion (p.26)? (p.24-26) 20. What are the three kinds of expansion diffusion? (p.25-26) What is the difference between environmental determinism and possibilism? (p.27)

21 Unit 2: Population and Migration Name: Period: 1. What is demography? (p.31) 2. What is population density? (p.31) STUDY GUIDE UNIT 2 3. What is the difference between arithmetic population density and physiologic population density? (p.31-32) 4. What are the four major population clusters listed in your book? (p33-36) 5. What is the purpose of a population census? (p.36) 6. What three agencies, listed in your book, collect data on world populations? (p.36) 7. What did Thomas Malthus predict? (p.36-37) 8. Was Thomas Malthus right about population growth or food production? (p.36-37) 9. Was Thomas Malthus wrong about population growth or food production? (p.36-37) 10. What do the neo-malthusians (i.e. new Malthusians) argue today? (p.37) 11. What is natural increase? (p.38) 12. Natural increase ignores the population effects of immigration and emigration. What is the difference between immigration and emigration? (p.37) 13. Define total fertility rate (TFR). (p.38) 14. Define old-age dependency ratio. (p.39) 15. Define child dependency ratio. (p.39)

22 16. Define doubling time. (p.40) 17. How was doubling time related to the population explosion? (p.40-41) 18. How are falling total fertility rates (TFRs) related to zero population growth? (p.41) 19. What is a country s crude birth rate (CBR)? (p.43) 20. What is a country s crude death rate (CDR)? (p. 43) Study Guide 21. According to the Demographic Transition Model (p.44), why would a relatively poor, stage 1 country with a high birth rate still experience low population growth? (p.43-44) 22. According to the Demographic Transition Model (p.44), why would a relatively rich, stage 4 country with a low death rate still experience low population growth? (p.43-44) 23. According to the Demographic Transition Model (p.44), why would a stage 3 country experience the highest population growth? (p.43-44) 24. What does a population pyramid tell us about a country s population? (p.46-47) 25. Describe the shape of a poorer country s population pyramid. (p.46-47) 26. Describe the shape of a wealthier country s population pyramid. (p.46-47) 27. What is a country s infant mortality rate (IMR)? (p.47) 28. What is a country s child mortality rate (CMR)? (p.47 and p.49) 29. What is a country s life expectancy? (p.49) 30. What is an infectious disease? Give one example. (p.51) 31. What is a chronic/degenerative disease? Give one example. (p.51) 32. What is a genetic/inherited disease? Give one example. (p.51) 33. What is an endemic disease? (p.51) 34. What is an epidemic disease? (p.52) 35. What is a pandemic disease? (p.52)

23 36. What is an expansive population policy? (p.56) 37. What is a restrictive population policy? (p.57) 38. How has China s one-child policy affected China s growth rate? (p.57) 39. Explain why the shape of China s population pyramid will change so dramatically between 2010 and (p.57) 40. In 1900, what percentage of the world s people lived in cities? (p.61) 41. Today, what percentage of the world s people live in cities? (p.61) 42. What was the Bracero Program? (p.61) 43. What are remittances? (p.61) 44. What is migration? (p.63-64) 45. What is emigration? (p.63) 46. What is immigration? (p.63) 47. What is nomadism? (p.64) 48. What is transhumance? (p.64) 49. What is international migration? (p.64-65) 50. What is internal migration? (p.65) 51. What is an example of forced migration? (p.66) 52. What is an example of voluntary migration? (p.66) 53. What are Ravenstein s five Laws of Migration? (p.69) Briefly explain the gravity model in your own words. (p.69)

24 55. What is a push factor? (p.69) 56. What is a pull factor? (p.69) 57. Briefly explain the principle of distance decay in your own words. (p.69) 58. Briefly explain the phenomenon of step migration in your own words. (p.69) 59. What is an intervening opportunity? (p.70) 60. What is chain migration? (p.71) 61. What is a guest worker? (p.74) 62. How (in what direction) has the center of population moved in the United States between 1790 and 2010? (see map on p.78) 63. What is a refugee? (p.79) 64. What is an internally displaced person? (p.79) 65. What is asylum? (p.80) 66. What is genocide? (p.84) 67. In 1900, where did most of the immigrants to the United States come from? (see graph on p.87) 68. In 2000, where did most of the immigrants to the United States come from? (see graph on p.87)

25 Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Name: Period: 1. What is a culture? (p.91) STUDY GUIDE UNIT 3 2. What is the difference between a folk culture and a popular culture? (p.91) 3. What is a local culture? (p.91) 4. What are three things that could be included in a material culture? (p.92) 5. What are three things that could be included in a nonmaterial culture? (p.92) 6. Name four cities that act as hearths for the hierarchical diffusion of fashion. (p.92) 7. What is assimilation? (p.93) 8. What is a custom? (p.93) 9. List three rural local cultures discussed in the textbook. (p.94-98) 10. List three urban local cultures discussed in the textbook (p.98) 11. How have high-speed travel and high-speed internet created a space-time compression in the world? (p ) 12. What is the most popular social media network in the United States? (Map p.102) 13. What is the most popular social media network in China? (Map p.102) 14. Which would be considered part of a cultural landscape? A house? Or a tree? (p.111) 15. Which five states contain significant Mormon cultural regions? (Map p.114) 16. What is gender? (p.118)

26 17. What is the difference between race (p.119) and ethnicity (p.128)? (p ) 18. What does the Gender Inequality Index (GII) measure? (Figure 5.15 p.135) 19. According to the Gender Inequality Index (GII), how does the United States compare to Canada and Mexico in terms of gender inequality? (Figure 5.15 p.135) 20. What is a dowry? (p ) 21. What is a dowry death? (p ) 22. What is a language (p.147) 23. What is a standard language? (p.150) 24. What is a dialect? (p.150) 25. What is an isogloss? (p.151) 26. What is a language family? (p.152) 27. What is a language subfamily? (p.152) 28. Which is the biggest language family in the world? (Figure 6.8 p ) 29. Spanish is in the Indo-European language family. Which subfamily Is it in? (p.155) 30. English is in the Indo-European language family. Which subfamily is it in? (p.155) 31. How does a language become extinct? (p.156) 32. Important: Summarize the first four paragraphs of p.161 in your own words. (p.161) 33. What is a lingua franca? (p.161) 34. What is a pidgin language? (p.161) 35. What is a creole language? (p.162) 36. What is a monolingual state? (p.162) 37. List three monolingual states. (p.162)

27 38. What is a multilingual state? (p.162) 39. List three multilingual states. (p.162) 40. What are two official languages of India? (Paragraph 2 p.163) 41. Which language is the world s lingua franca (standard, global language)? (p.163) 42. What is a place? (p.165) 43. What is a toponym? (p.165) 44. Religion is very hard to define. How does the textbook attempt to define it? (p.173) 45. What is secularism? (p.173) 46. What is a monotheistic religion (i.e. monotheism)? (p.175) 47. What is a polytheistic religion (i.e. polytheism)? (p.175) 48. What is an animistic religion (i.e. animism)? (p.175) 49. What is the primary religion of North and South America? (Map p ) 50. What is the primary religion of the northern half of Africa? (Map p ) 51. What is the primary religion of the southern half of Africa? (Map p ) 52. What is the primary religion of India? (Map p ) 53. What is the primary religion of China? (Map p ) 54. What is a universalizing religion? (p.178) 55. List three of the world s universalizing religions. (p.178) 56. What is an ethnic religion? (p.178) 57. What is the world s most widely scattered ethnic religion? (p.178) 58. List three important facts about Hinduism. (p )

28 59. List three important facts about Buddhism. (p ) List three important facts about Shintoism. (p.181) List three important facts about Taoism. (p ) List three important facts about Confucianism. (p.182) List three important facts about Judaism. (p ) List three important facts about Christianity. (p ) List three important facts about Islam. (p ) What is an indigenous religion? (p.188) 67. What is shamanism? (p.188) 68. What is a pilgrimage? (p.190) 69. What is a sacred site? (p.190) 70. The city of Jerusalem is sacred to three monotheistic religions. List them. (p.191) Why is Jerusalem important to Jews? (p ) 72. Why is Jerusalem important to Christians? (p )

29 73. Why is Jerusalem important to Muslims? (p ) 74. Describe the cultural landscapes of Hinduism (i.e. what you would see in a Hindu country). (p ) 75. Describe the cultural landscapes of Buddhism (i.e. what you would see in a Buddhist country). (p ) 76. Describe the cultural landscapes of Christianity (i.e. what you would see in a Christian country). (p ) 77. Describe the cultural landscapes of Islam (i.e. what you would see in a Muslim country). (p ) 78. What is the hajj? (p.199) 79. It is extremely complicated, but do your best to summarize the religious conflict in Israel and Palestine. (p ) 80. It is extremely complicated, but do your best to summarize the religious conflict in Nigeria. (p ) 81. It is extremely complicated, but do your best to summarize the religious conflict in Northern Ireland. (p ) 82. What is religious fundamentalism? (p.207) 83. What is religious extremism? (p.207) 84. What is an example of fundamentalism within Christianity? (p.207) 85. What is an example of fundamentalism within Judaism? (p ) 86. What is an example of fundamentalism within Islam? (p )

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31 Unit 4: Political Organization of Space Name: Period: 1. What is political geography? (p.213) 2. What is a state (or country)? (p.213) 3. What is sovereignty? (p.213) 4. What is territoriality? (p.213) 5. What is territorial integrity? (p.213) STUDY GUIDE UNIT 4 6. What is mercantilism? (Glossary p.g-7 back of the book) 7. How did mercantilism cause rivalries in Europe in the 1600s? (p ) 8. What did the Peace of Westphalia achieve? (p.215) 9. Important! What is the difference between a state (or country) and a nation? (p.215) (a) A state (or country) is a (b) A nation is a 10. What is a nation-state? (p.215) 11. What is democracy? (p.215) 12. What is a multinational state? (p. 216) 13. What is a multistate nation? (p.216) 14. What is a stateless nation? (p.216)

32 15. Briefly describe how the Kurds are an example of a stateless nation. (p ) 16. What is colonialism? (p.218) 17. How does Immanuel Wallerstein s world systems theory view the world? (p.220) 18. According to the world systems theory, what is the core? (p.221) 19. According to the world systems theory, what is the periphery? (p.221) 20. According to the world systems theory, what is the semiperiphery? (p.221) 21. What is the difference between a centripetal force and a centrifugal force? (p.222) (a) A centripetal force is a (b) A centrifugal force is a 22. What is the difference between a unitary state and a federal state? (p.222) (a) In a unitary state (b) In a federal state 23. What is devolution? (p.223) 24. State shapes: What makes Hungary a compact state? (Map p.228) 25. State shapes: What makes Chile an elongated state? (Map p.228) 26. State shapes: What makes Philippines a fragmented state? (Map p.228) 27. State shapes: What makes South Africa a perforated state? (Map p.228) 28. State shapes: What makes Thailand a prorupted state? (Map p.228) 29. Why does the U.S. Constitution require a population census every 10 years? (p.229) 30. What is reapportionment? (p.229) 31. What is redistricting? (p.229) 32. What is gerrymandering? (p.229)

33 33. Explain how a boundary between states is actually a vertical plane. (p ) 34. What is the difference between geometric boundaries and natural boundaries? (p.232) (a) A geometric boundary is (b) A natural (or physical) boundary is 35. According to Friedrich Ratzel, what does a state need to eat to survive? (p ) 36. Which German leader was heavily influenced by Friedrich Ratzel s theory? (p.235) 37. What was Halford Mackinder s basic heartland theory? (p.235) 38. What is a supranational organization? (p.237) 39. Supranational organizations: What is the United Nations (UN)? (p ) 40. Supranational organizations: What is the European Union (EU)? (p ) 41. Supranational organizations: What is NAFTA? (Google it!)

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35 STUDY GUIDE UNIT 5 Unit 5: Agriculture, Food Production, and Rural Land Use Name: Period: 1. What is agriculture? (p.313) 2. How did people get their food before the invention of agriculture? (p ) 3. Who was Carl Sauer? (p.315) 4. What was the First Agricultural Revolution? (p.315) 5. When did the First Agricultural Revolution happen? (p.315) 6. What is the significance of the Fertile Crescent? (p.316 Map Figure 11.3) 7. What is animal domestication? (p.318) 8. What is subsistence agriculture? (p.318) 9. What is shifting cultivation? (p.319) 10. What is slash-and-burn agriculture? (p.319) 11. What was the Second Agricultural Revolution? (p.320) 12. When did the Second Agricultural Revolution happen? (p.320) 13. What is the Von Thunen Model? (p.323) 14. According to the Von Thunen Model, what is in zone 1? (p.321 Figure 11.7) 15. According to the Von Thunen Model, what is in zone 2? (p.321 Figure 11.7) 16. According to the Von Thunen Model, what is in zone 3? (p.321 Figure 11.7) 17. According to the Von Thunen Model, what is in zone 4? (p.321 Figure 11.7)

36 18. According to the Von Thunen Model, why is there no farming out beyond zone 4? (p.323 Figure 11.7 Read the caption under Figure 11.7) 19. What was the Third (Green) Agricultural Revolution? (p.322) 20. When did the Third (Green) Agricultural Revolution happen? (p.322) 21. What does the term Green Revolution refer to? (p.322) 22. What are some positive results of the Green Revolution? (p.322 right column) 23. What are some negative results of the Green Revolution? (p.322 right column) 24. What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)? (p.323) 25. What are some arguments in support of GMOs? (p.323) 26. What are some arguments against GMOs? (p.323) 27. What is the practice of primogeniture? (p.327) 28. What is commercial agriculture? (p.330) 29. What is the difference between subsistence agriculture (p.318) and commercial agriculture (p.330)? 30. What is monoculture? (p.331) 31. What is plantation agriculture? (p.334) 32. What is livestock ranching? (p.336) 33. What is Mediterranean agriculture? (p.336) 34. What example of a cash crop does the book give? (p.338) 35. What example of a luxury crop does the book give? (p.338) 36. List three environmental impacts of commercial farming (p )

37 STUDY GUIDE UNIT 6 Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development Name: Period: 1. What is the difference between GNP and GDP? (p.290) 2. What is the difference between formal economy and informal economy? (p.290) 3. Which two countries have the biggest informal economies? (p.291 Figure 10.2) 4. Which two countries have the smallest informal economies? (p Figure 10.2) 5. What were the UN s 8 Millennium Development Goals for the world by 2015? (p.294) According to Rostow, what are a country s five stages of development? (p.295) According to Wallerstein, what are: 1. Core Regions? 2. Periphery Regions? 3. Semiperiphery Regions?

38 8. List 5 major problems that poor countries in the periphery face? (p ) What are Mexican maquiladoras? (p ) 10. What are Chinese special economic zones? (p ) 11. How can tourism benefit poor countries on the periphery? (p ) 12. How can tourism hurt poor countries on the periphery? (p ) 13. What is a nongovernmental organization (NGO)? (p.308) 14. What does a microcredit program do? (p.308) 15. What was the Industrial Revolution? (p ) (Or just Google it!) 16. Where (in which country) did the Industrial Revolution begin? (p ) 17. What is time-space compression? (p.351 Figure 12.5) 18. What does it mean that Western Europe had a first mover advantage? (p.353) 19. Why did factories cluster around the Great Lakes region of the U.S.? (p.353 last ) 20. Why was Henry Ford s invention of assembly line production so important? (p.356) 21. According to Weber s least cost theory, which 3 things should a factory owner consider first? What is a commodity chain? (p.362) (Or just Google it!) 23. What is deindustrialization? (p.367) 24. Briefly describe what is happening in Figure (p.373 Figure 12.23)

39 Unit 7: Cities and Urban Land Use Name: Period: STUDY GUIDE UNIT 7 1. What is a city s central business district (CBD)? (p.245) 2. What does the term urban refer to? (p.247) 3. What is a city? (p.248) 4. Briefly describe the First Urban Revolution. (p ) 5. Highlight and label the six earliest hearths of urbanization on this map below. (p.250) 1. Mesopotamia 2. Nile River Valley 3. Indus River Valley 4. Huang He Valley 5. Mesoamerica 6. Peru 6. Why did the world s first hearth of cities (Mesopotamia) occur in the world s first hearth of agriculture (the Fertile Crescent)? (p.250) 7. Briefly describe the Second Urban Revolution. (p.257)

40 8. Briefly explain the rank-size rule. (p.260) 9. What is a primate city? (p.260) 10. What was the goal of Christaller s central place theory? (p.260) 11. According to Christaller, what is the shape of an ideal central place system? (p.261) 12. According to Christaller s hierarchy of settlements, what does the C stand for? (p Figure 9.21) 13. According to Christaller s hierarchy of settlements, what does the T stand for? (p.261 Figure 9.21) 14. According to Christaller s hierarchy of settlements, what does the H stand for? (p.261 Figure 9.21) 15. What is a zone? (p.262) 16. What is a central city? (p.262) 17. What is a suburb? (p.262) 18. What is suburbanization? (p.262) 19. What is an edge city? (p.263) 20. Briefly describe the concentric zone model. (p.264) 21. Briefly describe the sector model. (p.264) 22. Briefly describe the multiple nuclei model. (p.264) 23. What is a megacity? (p.265) 24. What is gentrification? (p.273) 25. What is urban sprawl? (p.275) 26. What is a world city? List 3 examples. (p.283)