An Ecological Stratification Approach for Mapping Global Marine Ecosystems

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2 Esri Ocean GIS Forum November 5, 2015 An Ecological Stratification Approach for Mapping Global Marine Ecosystems Dawn J. Wright, Ph.D. Esri Chief Scientist Roger Sayre Ph.D Senior Scientist for Ecosystems US Geological Survey

3 Steering Committee Roger Sayre U.S. Geological Survey Sean Breyer Esri Pat Halpin Duke University Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab Nawajish Noman Esri Dawn Wright Esri Kevin Butler Esri Steve Kopp Esri Nathan Shepherd Esri Mark Costello University of Auckland Doug Cribbs Esri Miles Macmillan- Lawler GRID Arendal, Norway Drew Stephens Esri Peter Harris GRID Arendal, Norway Charlie Frye Esri Mark Monaco NOAA Biogeography Beata Van Esch Esri Pete Aniello Esri Kathy Goodin NatureServe Lance Morgan Marine Conservation Institute Randy Vaughan Esri Zeenatul Basher U.S. Geological Survey John Guinotte Marine Conservation Institute Guy Noll Esri

4 GEOSS Task EC-01-C1 Global Ecosystem Classification and Mapping Develop a standardized, robust, and practical global ecosystems classification and map for the planet s terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Dr. Roger Sayre, USGS, Task Lead Esri is a partner, engaged in producing and hosting the content

5 Why Do We Need Global Ecosystems Maps? Too many governmental policies are based on antiquated knowledge and technology Catalyze: Science Planning Management Provide Globally Comparable - Understanding of Changes, Impacts, Resilience - Value: Economic, Social, Goods & Services

6 Ecological Land Classification Bioclimate Water Landforms Energy Matter Lithology Land Cover

7 Terrestrial Input Layers In Order of Ecological Importance Bioclimates Landforms Drivers of Ecological Character (Physical Setting) Surficial Lithology Land Cover Response to the Physical Setting Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical setting.

8 Ecological Land Classification not Ecological Classification Biomes Ecoregions Ecosystems Natural Communities Species Genes

9 Terrestrial Effort: Ecological Land Units (ELUs) Bioclimate Landform Lithology 48,872 Combinations (Facets) 3,923 Unique Land Units/Colors Land Cover Example: Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock with Mostly Deciduous Forest esriurl.com/elu esriurl.com/ecotapestry esriurl.com/landscape

10 Marine Effort: Marine Ecological Units (EMUs) Who wants one? GLORES! IUCN, WWF, CI, Mission Blue Sylvia Earle Alliance GEO & GEOSS FAO and ICES IOC and IODE OOI and IOOS/GOOS Essential Ocean Variables community (e.g., World Climate Research Program) Researchers Educators Local agencies who want the global context Natl science agencies Editors of textbooks CNN and the like Why? Contextualize MPAs and Siting Process Ecosystem Health, Resilience, Ecosystem Goods & Services; Ecosystem Services Valuation Nature Conservation Reporting Conservation planning Ecosystem Classification Ecosystem Based Management Fisheries Management Marine Data Management Indicating Species Distributions Explaining and Understanding Nature Risk Reduction Context: Local related to Global System Connectivity

11 Additional AUDIENCES for EMUs IUCN Red List UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) UN Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) UN Beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Working Group UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP) International Seabed Authority Funding Organizations Foundations making strategic decisions about future directions (e.g., Moore, Packard, Waitt, Science Philanthropy Alliance) Other NGOs/Science/Conservation organizations

12 How is this different from what exists? EMUs will: cover all the ocean be 3D be based on best available data be independent of political, social and economic influence further understanding of how the environment structures biodiversity (including fisheries, threatened species, etc.)

13 What will it contain? Sea surface Epipelagic (photic) Mesopelagic Deep Sea Sea bed X, Y, Z coordinates Ocean colour (chlorophyll, productivity) Temperature (annual average) Major freshwater inputs Salinity Ice cover Tidal height Wave height Current velocity (including max on seabed) Particulate Organic Carbon Diffuse attenuation coefficient and/or Photosynthetic Active Radiation Aragonite Geomorphology Coral reefs, mangroves

14 EMU TYPE Sea Surface (SS) Epipelagic (EP) Mesopelagic (MP) EMU ATTRIBUTES X, Y, Z, SST, SAL, DO, OC, Surface Water Mass, Surface Current, OBIS biogeographic region(atr) X, Y, Z, T, Salinity, Photosynthetically Available Radiation+H20clar, Regional Current Velocity, Quasistationary Water Mass, OBISBR(atr) X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV, Mesopelagic Biogeographic Region(atr), OBISBR(atr) Deep Pelagic (DP) X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV, OBISBR(atr), CCD(atr) Benthic (SF) X, Y, BATHY(Z), SLOPE, Benthic Physiographic Region, Benthic Landform Type1, BottomSedimentType, T, SAL, DO, PHOT, Episodic CV, Particulate Organic Carbon Flux(food), OBISBR(atr)

15 EMU TYPE Sea Surface (SS) Epipelagic (EP) EMU ATTRIBUTES X, Y, Z, SST, SAL, DO, OC, SWM, SC, OBISBR(atr) X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, RCV, QSWM, OBISBR(atr) Mesopelagic (MP) X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV, MPBR(atr), OBISBR(atr) Deep Pelagic (DP) X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV, OBISBR(atr), CCD(atr) Benthic (SF) X, Y, BATHY(Z), SLOPE, BPR, BLT1, BLT2, BST, T, SAL, DO, PHOT, ECV, POCflux(food), OBISBR(atr)

16 How? 1. 3-D framework (mesh) 2. Environmental attributes of each mesh element 3. Spatial statistical clustering of numerical variables to define recurring spatial environmental units 4. Matching units to geomorphological features (e.g., seamounts, shelf slope, abyssal plain) 5. Matching units to biological features (coral reefs, mangroves, biogeographic realms, other?)

17 Ecological Marine Units - Plan Data Sources NOAA World Ocean Atlas 1 or ¼ degree - 41 depth levels Temp Salinity Dissolved O2 Particula O2 Saturation Apparent O2 Util Silicate Phosphate Nitrate GMED (Surface) Chlorophyll A (10 km) Primary Productivity Marine Conservation Institute Aragonite SRTM30 GRID-Arendal Geomorphology Stratification Features Phase 1 Combine/ Extract All Data Sources Phase 2b Category Phase 2a - Stats Clustering Exploratory Reg Multi-D Clustering K-means Clustering Categorize Bin Evaluate Evaluate Noise Reduction Outlier Cleanup Describe Describe Phase 3 Info Prod Maps StoryMaps Exploration App Services Phase 4 - Release Technical Docs Publications Promotions Press Release Blogs Conferences

18 Preliminary Results video

19 Preliminary Results

20 Preliminary Results

21 Preliminary Results

22 Parallel Effort esriurl.com/3dfence

23 Parallel Effort esriurl.com/3dfence

24 Parallel Effort esriurl.com/3dfence

25 Parallel Effort esriurl.com/3dfence

26 Parallel Effort esriurl.com/3dfence

27 Open Sharing Visualizations Additional Data Over Time EMUs ArcGIS Online Repository of Data ETL (extract, transform, load) Ocean Mesh Framework Main Database multivariate analyses (e.g., statistical clustering)

28 Scientific Products (including peer-reviewed pub) Derived Pelagic Seascapes Water masses Fronts Current storms Biological Attributes Species distributions (from OBIS) Biogeographic realms (species endemicity) Seabed habitat and biotope maps (e.g., from EMODnet project) Layering in the Ocean Thermoclines Haloclines Pycnoclines

29 Other Value-Added Maps, Layers, and Apps... Oceans Chapter of Living Atlas of the World ArcGIS Open Data Site Story Maps Ocean Observatory (Urban Observatory) Possible Ocean Modeler App Diagrams/Illustrations Explaining Fundamental Ocean Ecology/Conservation Concepts

30 Dawn Wright Roger Sayre

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32 Extra Slides

33 EMU Classes (9) EMU Types (16)