Population Distribution Evolution Characteristics and Shift Growth Analysis in Shiyang River Basin

Transcription

1 Iteratoal Joural of Geosceces, 204, 5, Publshed Ole October 204 ScRes. Populato Dstrbuto Evoluto Characterstcs ad Shft Growth Aalyss Shyag Rver Bas Mzh Che, Pezhe Wag 2, L Che 3 Isttute of Urba Plag ad Desg, Najg Uversty, Najg, Cha 2 The School of Archtecture ad Urba Plag, Najg Uversty, Najg, Cha 3 The Hgh School Attached to Northwest Normal Uversty, Najg, Cha Emal: chemzh@hotmal.com, wagzhe_08@26.com Receved August 204; revsed 27 August 204; accepted 6 September 204 Copyrght 204 by authors ad Scetfc Research Publshg Ic. Ths work s lcesed uder the Creatve Commos Attrbuto Iteratoal Lcese (CC BY). Abstract I recet years, the populato sze ad scale of the Shyag Rver Bas uceasgly expadg lead to a seres of ecologcal evromet: surface water reducg, lad desertfcato ad Groud water levels fall, etc. Research evoluto characterstcs of populato dstrbuto ad mgrato growth of Shyag Rver Bas cotrbute to rver water resources ad the dustral developmet of the comprehesve maagemet. The artcle usg the dstrbuto of populato structure dex, populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty model ad the populato mgrato growth aalyss model aalyzes the dstrbuto of the populato evoluto characterstcs ad populato mgrato growth characterstcs of Shyag Rver Bas 2000 to 200. The results show that: ) Cosderg Shyag Rver Bas, populato desty s geerally low, populato dstrbuto dfferece s bgger ad cocetrato dstrbuto the mddle corrdor pla ad three bg populato dstrbuto ceter of Mq oass area, presetg a pot-areas-rbbo structure characterstcs. 2) The populato dstrbuto tred of Shyag Rver Bas s costatly cocetrato, but the chage s slow; the populato dstrbuto of Mq s the hghest cocetrato degree, but the tred has bee declg. 3) The focus of populato desty rver bas locates Lagzhou dstrct of Dalu coutry; te years, t mgrates about 209 m to southwest Wuwe Cty drecto, but mgrato alog the drecto thgs s bgger tha the orth ad south drecto. The focus of populato desty ad the bas geometry ceter s far away. 4) For te years, at the towshp for basc statstcs ut, each level populato mgrato chage wth the overall s ot sgfcat: towshp level > prefecture-level ctes level > coutes level. 5) For te years, there are sgfcat chages populato mgrato betwee watershed towshp uts, Wuwe Cty ad Gulag Tow are the two ma cocetratos of populato ceters. How to cte ths paper: Che, M.Z., Wag, P.Z. ad Che, L. (204) Populato Dstrbuto Evoluto Characterstcs ad Shft Growth Aalyss Shyag Rver Bas. Iteratoal Joural of Geosceces, 5,

2 M. Z. Che et al. Keywords Shyag Rver Bas, Populato Dstrbuto, Evoluto Characterstcs, Shft Growth Aalyss. Itroducto Geerally, populato dstrbuto refers to mafestatos of the populato process the space, ad characterzato of populato groups the geo-spatal dstrbuto, dstrbuto, ad portfolo posto [] [2]. Staggered dstrbuto of the vast desert, Gob ad oass ladscape have created the uque characterstcs of the populato dstrbuto of Hex area, recet years, populato umber ad sze the mdstream of the Shyag Rver Bas area costatly expadg lead to a seres of socal ad ecologcal evromet Mq oass area of rver bas dowstream: surface water reducg, lad desertfcato, groud water levels fall ad ecologcal mgrats [3]. Water resources maagemet of Shyag Rver Bas becomes the bas developmet bottleeck. I the three watersheds of orth-west lad rver, Shyag Rver Bas has become a bas wth the hghest level of sol ad water resources developmet, the bggest ecologcal crss, the strogest relatoshp betwee people ad lad. Study of the relatoshp betwee populato ad the evromet of the Shyag Rver Bas ot oly s cocered about the sze of the populato, but also cares about the spatal dstrbuto of populato characterstcs. So we ca set out water resources allocato program whch s sutable for the dstrbuto of populato characterstcs of the bas. Therefore, the study of the Shyag Rver Bas populato dstrbuto of the evoluto of character ad demographc offset growth characterstcs, revealg the bas spatal dstrbuto of populato characterstcs ad laws s coducve to the tegrated maagemet of rver bas water resources ad dustral developmet, achevg coordato sustaable developmets betwee people ad evromet. At preset, the study of domestc populato dstrbuto s more cocetrated at the atoal provcal ut [4] [5], cty ad couty uts of regoal ad mucpal ut [2] [6] [7], wth the urba area space ut [8], but the study based o watershed area [9] ad towshp uts s relatvely small. Research methods make more use of the ueve dstrbuto of populato dex ad the cocetrato dex model, the Lorez curve model, dsperso model, the populato dstrbuto the ceter of gravty model, the populato offset sharg model, spatal autocorrelato model, the spatal dstrbuto fucto of smulato models ad other model, through quattatve calculato of the populato dstrbuto ad the spatal dstrbuto reflects the regoal dstrbuto of populato characterstcs. Usg the mbalace dex ad the cocetrato dex model, the populato dstrbuto the ceter of gravty model ad the populato offset growth aalyss model, based o prevous results ad the towshp ut scale to reveal the characterstcs of spatal dstrbuto of populato of the Shyag Rver Bas lays the foudato for populato ad evromet relatoshp for further study Shyag the bas. 2. Study Area, Data Sources ad Processg Shyag Rver Bas s oe of three lad rver bass the Hex Corrdor, the bas area s km 2, located at 0 07' 'E, 37 07' ', the rver bas admstratve dvsos clude Lagzhou of Wuwe Cty, Mq Couty, Gulag Couty ad some areas of the Tazhu Tbeta Autoomous Couty, Jchua Dstrct of Jchag Cty, Yogchag Couty, ad all Sua Autoomous Couty of Zhagye Cty. There are two major rver systems: Ta Jg Rver ad West Rver, as well as the East rver, West Camp Rver, Golde Tower Rver, Zamu Rver, Gazelle Rver, Gulag Rver as the ma body of Rver System. The bas s ard cotetal lad clmate zoes, wth less precptato ad precptato varablty, ueve dstrbuto of the year, evaporato ad drought perods sgfcatly. I 2009, there was a total populato of thousad, acheved a GDP of bllo yua, the total gra output reached 950,800 tos, the per capta et come of farmers reached 3972 yua. Graphc data set used ths paper s provded by Evrometal ad Ecologcal Scece Data Ceter for West Cha, Natoal Natural Scece Foudato of Cha ( Because the rver towshp zog ut s frequetly adjusted, collectg varous of formato ad data valdato, merger ad 396

3 M. Z. Che et al. ame o the part of the towshp area, ad ultmately get 97 towshp uts. Towshps appeared the paper are the ame after mergerrg. I the year of 2000 ad 200, demographc data comes from coutes Bureau of Statstcs Statstcal Yearbook ad varous statstcal data wth the bas: 200 prelmary data of Lagzhou comes from Sxth Cesus; 200 populato data of Tazhu s calculated ad adjusted based o populato; 200 populato data of Mq s 2009 data, although there s dscrepacy of populato data wth a small area, t does ot affect the overall populato dstrbuto of the bas as a whole. 3. Research Methods Populato dstrbuto structure dex [2] [6] [7]. The most commoly used dex of populato dstrbuto chages s the populato desty, but cetralzed ad decetralzed regoal populato tred are ofte represeted by the mbalace dex ad the cocetrato dex of populato dstrbuto. The calculated formula s respectvely show formula () (2): U = 2 2 ( y x ) 2 C = y x (2) 2 U: mbalace dex, C: cocetrato dex, : the Admstratve Rego of the umber, y : each admstratve ut populato accouts for the proporto of the total populato of the rego, x : each admstratve ut lad area accouts for the proporto of the total area of the rego as a whole. Populato mbalace dex U ad the cocetrato dex C are greater, dcatg that the populato dstrbuto s more cocetrated; otherwse, t showed that the more balaced populato dstrbuto. Gravty model of populato dstrbuto [] [2] [7] [9]. The chage of the regoal populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty ca measure the overall moble tred of populato dstrbuto. Calculatg the populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty lears from physcal prcples, ad use populato umber or populato desty for the property stead of the physcal meag of the weght, regardg populato attrbutes of admstratve uts the study area as weghts to strke spatal cetrod. Calculated fomula s: () x = px, p y = py y (3) x ad y represet barycetrc coordates of the populato dstrbuto of the study area, p, x, y, respectvely represets populato ad the populato dstrbuto barycetrc coordates of the varous admstratve uts the study area. Because the admstratve ceter adjusts frequetly, (x, y ) s the ceter coordates of each admstratve ut. Whe the property value of p s the area of the admstratve ut, the Barycetrc coordates becomes the geometrc ceter of the rego, ad accordgly t ca study the stablty of the regoal populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty. Populato shft growth aalyss [] [9]-[]. The process of populato offset usg shft-share aalyss method ca aalyze the evoluto of spatal patter of tra-regoal populato. The method was frst proposed 942 by Creamer ad appled to atoal resources ad dustral structure adjustmet, ad later wdely used regoal ecoomc growth [7], recet years, t has bee used the spatal structure ad competto patter of port system [0] ad compettve aalyss of tourst destatos []. Perod of tme, studyg regoal populato growth ca be decomposed to sharg ad shft two parts, share growth refers to the amout of growth whe the growth of a Admstratve Rego ut to the populato growth rate of the etre rego. Offset growth refers to devato amout that populato growth to the amout of share growth. Its value s postve, dcatg that the ut populato growth s faster, relatve to the average level, populato gathers to the rego; ts value s egatve dcatg that the ut populato growth s slower, relatve to the average level, populato spreads out from the rego. Its formula s as follows: 397

4 M. Z. Che et al. SHIFT = ABSGR SHARE = POP POP POP POP (4) t t t0 t0 m VOLSHIFTtra VOLSHIFTtra j j= VOLSHIFT tra j = = (5) r SHIFT j 2 r SHIFT m r VOLSHIFTter = SHIFTj 2 j= j (7) VOLSHIFTtotal = SHIFTj 2 = VOLSHIFTtra + VOLSHIFTter (8) ABSFR, SHARE, SHIFT relatvely s the amout of absolute growth, the amout of share growth ad the amout of offset growth of admstratve ut (towshp) (t 0, t,) tme. VLISHIFT tra s the growth of the total offset betwee the dfferet admstratve uts wth the same couty (towshp). VOLSHIFT ter s the growth of the total offset betwee the dfferet coutes. VOLSHIFT total s the total amout of the offset growth betwee the varous admstratve uts of the etre study area (towshp). m s the umber of Coutes, s the umber of towshp uts, r s the umber of coutes cotaed wth couty dstrcts. 4. Aalyss Results Aalyss of bas populato dstrbuto. I 200, the total populato of Shyag Rver Bas s 2.28 mllo people, the populato desty s 60 persos/square klometer, the average populato desty of 97 towshplevel ut (cludg a varety of publc places, etc.) s 34 persos/square klometer. Usg Quartle method to classfy the bas populato desty (expressed as a percetage), ad take the populato desty outsde the scope of [FU ± 3(FU FL)] as outlers ad dvdually graded, cludg FU for the last four scores, FL for the ext four scores. As show Fgure, the populato dstrbuto of the Shyag Rver Bas has large spatal dffereces ad the relatve cocetrato, the populato was cocetrated the mddle reaches corrdor plas area ad Mq oass area, cludg three populato dstrbuto regos: Lagzhou cetral ad wester ad Gulag Couty orth-west rego earby the Lagzhou, Jchag Cetral rego, Mq oass populato cocetrated area, formg Cocetrated area of populato that Wuwe urba, Jchag Cty, Mq Couty of the (6) Fgure. Dstrbuto of populato desty the Shyag Rver Bas

5 M. Z. Che et al. three major ctes as the ceter ad populato dffuso dstrbuto area that Dajg Rver, mdstream pla corrdor area of the sx rver systems, mdstream pla corrdor area of the West Rver, the core area of Mq Oass as the ceter ad presetg a pot-areas-rbbo structure characterstcs that State Road 32, Provcal Hghway 2 ad 22, La-X Ralway as trasport corrdors. Populato desty wth the Bas dstrbutes qute dfferetly: The populato desty of Wuwe Cty (formerly Cheggua Tow area Wuwe Cty) reaches people/sq. km becomg the hghest oe; followed s Jgyag Tow of Lagzhou ad Sale Tow of Mq Couty, the populato respectvely s people/sq. km ad 7.56 people/sq. km. The east ad west sdes of Mq oass belogs to vast desert area accessble, upstream Qla Moutas are mostly the ethc commutes ad the populato desty s relatvely small. Except Wuwe Cty, Jyag Tow, ad Sale Tow, YogChag Tow, Gaoba Tow (cludg the orgal Luba Tow), Wua Tow, Qgshu towshp ad Yagxaba Tow (cludg the orgal Zhogba Tow) located Lagzhou together form eght hgh populato desty ad the value of the aomalous areas. Populato dstrbuto structure dex aalyss. Use of mbalace dex ad cocetrato dex model of populato dstrbuto calculated populato dstrbuto structure dex chage table of the bas sub-coutes, as show Table. Decades sce 2000, both mbalace dex ad cocetrato Idex crease , Ths shows that the decade the populato dstrbuto of Shyag Rver Bas was costatly focus o the tred, but chaged slghtly. It was relate to the level of urbazato cotuously mprove ad populato cotues to focus o ctes Wuwe Cty, Jchag ad Mq Couty. O the other had, key maagemet plag of the Shyag Rver Bas obtaed prelmary results, wth the expaso of the scope of desertfcato Mq desert oass areas, local govermet bega to carry out a varety of measures, such as close pumped well, ecologcal mgrats ad reservor mgrato, so populato s cocetrated a good ecologcal evromet ad soco-ecoomc areas. I addto, mouta populato mgrato program represeted by Gulag also makes the dstrbuto of populato bega chagg. I the Shyag Rver Bas, mbalace dex ad the cocetrato dex Mq Couty s the hghest, populato cocetrato dstrbuto tred s the most obvous. Ths s maly determed by the ecologcal evromet Mq Couty, people ca oly lve wth the lmted cofes of the oass area, makg the degree of populato cocetrato creases. But durg (actual 2009), oly Mq Couty, the mbalace dex ad cocetrato dex have bee reduced, respectvely reduced by ad 0.04, dcatg that the decade, Mq Couty populato dstrbuto ted to dsperse. Ths s maly because of mplemetato of the Reservor Resettlemet Pla Hogyasha, makg the populato dstrbuto s ot oly focused o the Sale Tow earby; I addto, because of Gulag Couty ad the Tazhu Couty located the Qla Moutas, relatve to the mddle reaches of the plas corrdor area ad the Mq oass area, the mbalace dex ad cocetrato dex s relatvely low. Aalyss the focus of mgrato of populato dstrbuto. Usg calculato model of populato ceters ad ArcGIS9.3 software calculated the locato of populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty ad the geometrc ceter, as show Fgure 2. From 2000 to 200, the focus of populato desty of the bas sgfcatly offset from orth-east Da Lu towshp to the south-west Lagzhou cty drecto, but barycetrc coordates stll the Da Lu towshp terrtory. Barycetrc coordates moved from (02.7 E, N) 2000 to ( E, N) 200, t had moved degrees to the south the orth-south drecto ad moved degrees to the west the east-west drecto; Obvously, the movemet rage of the east-west drecto s greater tha the orth-south drecto. Barycetrc coordates of the populato desty the decade moved Table. Populato dstrbuto structure dex chage Shyag Rver Bas. Idex type Year Bas Jchag Wuw Lagzhou Mq Gulag Tazhu Imbalace dex Cocetrato dex Icrease/decrease Icrease/decrease

6 M. Z. Che et al. Fgure 2. Populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty Shyag Rver Bas (2000 ad 200). about 209 meters. The geometrc ceter coordates of the bas s ( E, N), the orther Ca Q towshp ad ear Hogyasha Reservor, dstace of the focus of populato desty chages from 36,364 meters 2000 to 37,5 meters ow, devated more about 75 meters te years. The dstace of the populato desty ceter of gravty ad geometrc ceter was far, maly caused by the atural ad geographcal evromet of the bas. North-south drecto of the movemet of the focus of populato desty s maly due to Mq oass Hogyasha upstream of the reservor area mmgrats ad Qla Moutas populato dow placemet; East-west drecto of the movemet s maly due to the gatherg role of the ceter Jchag cty ad Wuwe Cty. Ths shows that the urbazato developmet speed of Wuwe ad Jchag s faster te years. I addto, t also ca be foud that the ceter of gravty posto ad drecto of movemet of the populato drecto of movemet of the focus of populato desty s completely dfferet. Ths s maly due to desert ad other atural dvso of the Shyag Rver Bas, ad towshp-level admstratve dvsos of the shape ad sze dfferece causes. Therefore, whe aalyss of populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty chages, t ca ot use populato ceter of gravty to stead of populato dstrbuto the ceter of gravty. Populato shft growth aalyss. The chage of the regoal dstrbuto of populato s caused by the teral rego offset growth, so t ca study the reasos for the chage of populato dstrbuto by the populato offset growth of the bas. The offset growth of the Shyag Rver Bas populato the decade s calculated by takg use of the populato offset growth aalyss model, as show Table 2. The absolute total amout of populato growth of the Shyag Rver Bas s 43.7 thousad the decade, populato offset growth the amout of the bas o dfferet levels are ot sgfcat. The total mgrato growth amog the towshps of the bas s the bggest ad s 8.5 thousad; The total mgrato growth amog the teral towshp ut of 3 prefecture-level ctes s 7.3 thousad, slghtly less tha the total mgrato growth amog the towshps, of whch oly the populato of Wuwe offset growth amouted to 08. thousad, ad the populato growth s the fastest; The total mgrato growth amog the teral towshp ut of 5 coutes ad 2 regos s the smallest, whch s 07.9 thousad: Lagzhou teral populato mgrato s 77.6 thousad, followed by 7.8 thousad people Gulag Couty, 0.7 thousad people Tazhu Couty s the mmum. The total populato mgrato growth the bas o dfferet levels, wth each level uts for basc statstcal ut, s very dfferet, ad the total mgrato growth amog the towshps of the bas s the largest, whch s 8.5 thousad; The total mgrato growth amog 5 coutes ad 2 regos s 0.6 thousad, far less tha the offset betwee the varous towshp; The mmum of the total mgrato growth amog 3 prefecture-level ctes s.2 thousad. Ths shows that , each level of Shyag Rver Bas, towshps as the basc statstcal ut, the overall populato chages are ot sgfcat: for towshp level, populato chage s the bggest, populato growth rate dffereces s also the largest; uts at all levels as the basc statstcal ut, populato chages are very great, chages populato growth rate decreases rapdly wth the creasg level of 400

7 M. Z. Che et al. Admstratve Rego (SAR) level. For the populato mgrato growth amog the towshp uts, we take use of the stadard devato approach to classfcato ad vsualzato, show Fgure 3. Combed wth Table 2 ad Fgure to aalyss the populato chages space amog varous towshp uts of the Shyag Rver Bas. I the decade, the Shyag Rver Bas, populato offset growth the spatal dstrbuto ad curret stuato of populato desty dstrbuto are bascally the same. Overall chages populato ted to be cocetrated Wuwe Cty ad Gulag Couty: the populato growth of Wuwe Cty s the fastest, ad populato offset growth amouted to mllo; followed by Gulag Couty, the populato offset growth amouted to mllo. Except Wuwe Cty, Gulag Tow ad some tows of the Gulag Couty, for most tows the mddle reaches pla Corrdor dstrct, chages regoal populato teded to decrease, the populato offset growth was egatve value. Especally the most tows wth the scope of Lagzhou ad Shuagwa Tow the Jchag Cty, populato offset growth the amout of absolute value s larger ad populato to Wuwe Cty mgrato Table 2. The populato shft-share aalyss betwee 2000 ad 200 Shyag Rver Bas (mllo people, %). Idex Idex Total populato growth of the Shyag Rver Bas (ABSGR) 4.37 Tazhu Couty (VOLSHIFT (tra Tazhu Couty)) 0.07 Percetage the tal years.95% Lagzhou Area (VOLSHIFT (tra Lagzhou Area)) 7.76 The total mgrato growth amog the towshps of the bas (VOLSHIFT (total)).85 Yogchag Couty (VOLSHIFT (tra Yogchag Couty)) 0.5 The total mgrato growth amog 5 coutes ad 2 regos (VOLSHIFT (ter)) The total mgrato growth amog the teral towshp ut of 5 coutes ad 2 regos (VOLSHIFT (tra)).06 The total mgrato growth amog the teral towshp ut of 3 prefecture-level ctes (VOLSHIFT (tra 3 ctes)) 0.79 Amog:.73 Amog: Wuwe Cty (VOLSHIFT (tra Wuwe Cty)) 0.8 Gulag Couty (VOLSHIFT (tra Gulag Couty)).78 Jagchag Cty (VOLSHIFT (tra Jagchag Cty)) 0.93 Mq Couty (VOLSHIFT (tra Mq Couty)) 0.66 The total mgrato growth amog 3 prefecture-level ctes (VOLSHIFT (ter 3 ctes)) 0.2 Fgure 3. Spatal dstrbuto map of populato shft growth based o towashp uts Shyag Rver Bas. 40

8 M. Z. Che et al. tred s obvous: for combed Gaoba Tow (hstory cludg Gaoba Tow ad Luba Couty), whch s close to Wuwe Cty ad greatly flueced by Wuwe Cty urbazato, populato mgrato growth absolute value s the largest, the Value achevg to ad the rate of decrease of populato s the fastest; followed by combed Zhagy Tow (hstory cludg the Zhagy Tow, Zhoglu Couty ad Shagqua Couty), populato offset growth amouted to I addto, for the desert area, Qla hgh mouta area, ad part tows Gulag Couty, outsde the bas populato dstrbuto cocetrated area, the growth of populato offset s postve, the demographc chages s the growth tred. But oly for Sale Tow Mq, Cheggua Tow Yogchag Couty, Huagyag Tow ad Jta Tow Wuwe, ad part tows Gulag Couty, the populato offset growth s larger, the rest of the regos, offset growth the amout of the populato s relatvely small. 5. Coclusos ad Dscusso Ths paper studed populato dstrbuto characterstcs of space ad tme of the Shyag Rver Bas from 2000 to 200, by aalyss of populato dstrbuto, populato dstrbuto structure dex aalyss, populato dstrbuto ceter of gravty model ad populato offset growth aalyss model, ad maly drew the followg cocluso: ) Shyag Rver Bas populato desty s low, cocetrated the mddle reaches corrdor plas area ad three populato dstrbuto ceters of Mq oass rego, ad forms the pot-areas-rbbo structure characterstcs, regoal ceters, pla corrdor areas ad trasportato corrdors as the bass. Bas teral populato dstrbuto s qute dfferet, ad there are eght hgh-value aomaly areas, especally Wuwe Cty, the populato desty s the largest. 2) The Bas populato desty of the ceter of gravty s located the Lagzhou Dalu coutry terrtory; t offset about 209 m to south-west Wuwe Cty drecto from 2000 to 200 whch offset to east-west drecto that was larger tha orth-south drecto. At the same tme, the dstace of the populato desty ceter of gravty from the geometrc the ceter of the bas s relatvely far away; for 0 years, t offset about 75 m. The dstace of the populato ceter of gravty ad the ceter of gravty of populato desty s relatvely close. But, t ca t use the populato ceter of gravty stead of populato desty of gravty to aalyze the chages of populato dstrbuto cetre of gravty. 3) I te years, each level of Shyag Rver Bas, towshps as the basc statstcal ut, the overall populato chages are ot sgfcat: for towshp level, populato chage s the bggest, populato growth rate dffereces s also the largest; uts at all levels as the basc statstcal ut, populato chages are very great, chages populato growth rate decrease rapdly wth the creasg level of Admstratve Rego (SAR) level. Meawhle, for Prefecture level, the populato offset growth of the bas was maly cocetrated Wuwe Cty; for couty dstrct level, t maly cocetrated Gulag Couty the populato offset growth of the bas. I other words, the cocetrated area of populato dstrbuto, Wuwe Cty ad Gulag Tow as the ceter, the rate of populato growth s relatvely fast; whle populato dstrbuto sparse areas ad desert areas, the rate of populato growth s relatvely low. 4) For te years, amog the bas towshp uts, there are sgfcat chages populato mgrato. Wuwe Cty ad the Gulag Tow are two dstct populato mgrato destato area ad populato agglomerato area, ad there, the populato offset growth s also the fastest. Wth the Mdstream pla corrdor area of the bas, except Wuwe Cty, Gulag Tow ad some tows of Gulag Couty, other tows, the populato offset growth s egatve, obvously offset to cocetrated area of populato; I most tows the sparsely populated area, maly Mq desert area ad Qla mouta area, the populato offset growth s postve, but most tows, the total amout of the offset s relatvely small. Overall, populato dstrbuto of the Shyag Rver Bas has a sgfcat spatal clusterg ad populato offset growth characterstcs. Relyg o local uque ladscape evromet formed ts ow uque potarea-rbbo dstrbuto structure ad for te years, bas populato chages showed obvous characterstcs of offsettg to the Wuwe Cty ad Gulag Tow. However, the aalyss of the bas, a seres of questos wll brg some degree of dffculty, such as dfferet shape ad area of the towshp uts, frequet chages of admstratve dvsos, lack of statstcal data ad cosstet statstcal stadards. Characterstcs of populato dstrbuto are affected by a varety of atural ad athropogec factors, especally water ad traffc mpact. Therefore, t eeds to cosder all relevat factors to fathfully reflect the characterstcs of bas populato ds- 402

9 M. Z. Che et al. trbuto, provdg strog support to acheve coordated developmet of populato ad evromet. Ackowledgemets Ths work was facally supported by Cha s Natoal Natural Scece Foudato (No ). The graphc data set s provded by Evrometal ad Ecologcal Scece Data Ceter for West Cha, Natoal Natural Scece Foudato of Cha ( Refereces [] Yag, J., Pu, Y.X., Q, X.-H. ad He, Y.-M. (200) The Spatal Dstrbuto Patter of Populato ad Its Aalyss of the Spato-Temporal Dyamcs Zhejag Provce. Chese Joural of Populato Resources ad Evromet, Ja Cha, 20, (I Chese) [2] Su, F. ad Zhag, P.Y. (200) Spato-Temporal Dyamcs of Populato Dstrbuto the Mddle ad Souther Laog Urba Agglomerato. Progress Geography, Bejg Cha, 29, (I Chese) [3] L, X.-Y., Xao, D.-N., He, X.-Y., et al. (2006) Comparso o Chages ad Ther Drvg Forces of Farmlad Oases of Mddle ad Lower Reaches: The Case of Lagzhou ad Mq Oases the Shyag Rver Bas. Ecologca Sca, Bejg Cha, 26, (I Chese) [4] Da, R., Guo, L., Xue, D.-Y. ad Su, F.-M. (200) Spato-Temporal Characterstcs of Agrcultural Populato Spatal Dstrbuto Cha. Chese Joural of Populato Resources ad Evromet, Ja Cha, 20, (I Chese) [5] Lu, D.-Q., Lu, Y. ad Xue, X.-Y. (2004) Cha s Populato Dstrbuto ad Spatal Correlato Aalyss. Scece of Surveyg ad Mappg, Bejg Cha, 29, (I Chese) [6] Tag, W., Zhog, X.-H. ad Zhou, W. (20) Study o the Evoluto of Spatal Dstrbuto Structure of Populato Three Rvers Area Tbet. Chese Joural of Populato Resources ad Evromet, Ja Cha, 2, (I Chese) [7] Dua, X.-J., Wag, S.-G. ad Che, W. (2008) Evoluto of Populato Dstrbuto ad Growth Shft Chagjag Rver Delta. Sceta Geographca Sca, Bejg Cha, 28, (I Chese) [8] Wu, W.Y. ad Gao, X.D. (200) Populato Desty Fuctos of Chese Ctes: A Revew. Progress Geography, Bejg Cha, 29, (I Chese) [9] Xag, Y.-B., Zhag, Y. ad Zhao, H.-L. (20) Spatal Evoluto Characterstcs of Populato Dstrbuto Xagjag Rver Bas. Northwest Populato Joural, Lazhou Cha, 32, (I Chese) [0] Cao, Y.H., L, H.J. ad Che, W. (2004) The Spatal Structure ad the Competto Patter of the Cotaer Port System of Cha. Acta Geographca Sca, Bejg Cha, 59, (I Chese) [] L, H.-J. ad Lag, L.-K. (200) Shft-Share Aalyss o Competto of Iboud Toursm Destato Cha. Geography ad Geo-Iformato Scece, Shjazhuag Cha, 26, (I Chese) 403

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