A Remark on the Uniform Convergence of Some Sequences of Functions
|
|
- Simon Lindsey
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advaces Pure Mathematcs Publshed Ole July 05 ScRes. A Remark o the Uform Covergece of Some Sequeces of Fuctos Guy Degla Isttut de Mathematques et de Sceces Physques (IMSP) Porto-Novo Be Iteratoal Cetre for Theoretcal Physcs (ICTP) Treste Italy Emal: gadegla@yahoo.fr Receved May 05; accepted 3 July 05; publshed 6 July 05 Copyrght 05 by author ad Scetfc Research Publshg Ic. Ths work s lcesed uder the Creatve Commos Attrbuto Iteratoal Lcese (CC BY). Abstract We stress a basc crtero that shows a smple way how a sequece of real-valued fuctos ca coverge uformly whe t s more or less evdet that the sequece coverges uformly away from a fte umber of pots of the closure of ts doma. For fuctos of a real varable ulke most classcal textbooks our crtero avods the search of extrema (by dfferetal calculus) of ther geeral term. Keywords Sequece of Fuctos Uform Covergece Metrc Boudedess. Itroducto Let X be a oempty set f : X be a fucto ad { f } X to. Recall []-[3] that the sequece { f } { f ( x) f ( x) x X} lm sup : 0. + Obvously f { f } coverges to f ( x ) ; that s { } { f } be a sequece of real-valued fuctos from s sad to coverge uformly to f o X f coverges uformly to f o X the for each x X f coverges potwse to f o X the { f } fxed the sequece { f } x coverges potwse to f. It s also obvous that whe X s fte ad coverges uformly to f o X. However ths coverse does t hold geeral for a arbtrary (fte) set X;.e. the potwse covergece may ot mply the uform covergece whe X s a arbtrary (fte) set. How to cte ths paper: Degla G. (05) A Remark o the Uform Covergece of Some Sequeces of Fuctos. Advaces Pure Mathematcs
2 Oe ca observe that the mathematcal lterature there are very few kow results that gve codtos uder whch a potwse covergece mples the uform covergece. Cocerg sequeces of cotuous fuctos defed o a compact set we have the followg facts: Proposto A. (D s Theorem) [4] If K s a compact metrc space : a mootoe sequece of f K a cotuous fucto ad { f } cotuous fuctos from K to that coverges potwse to f o K the { f } coverges uformly to f o K. Proposto B. [5] If E s a Baach space ad { T } s a sequece of bouded lear operators of E that coverges potwse to a bouded lear operator T of E the for every compact set K E { T } coverges uformly to T o K. (For the sake of completeess we gve the proof of ths proposto the Appedx Secto). Therefore our am s to hghlght a ew basc crtero that shows some way how a sequece of real-valued fuctos ca coverge uformly whe t s more or less obvous that the sequece coverges uformly away from a fte umber of pots of the closure of ts doma. I the case of sequeces of fuctos of a real varable our crtero avods ulke most classcal textbooks [3] [6] the search of extrema (by dfferetal calculus) of ther geeral terms. Several examples that satsfy the crtero are gve.. The Ma Result (Remark).. Theorem of fuctos defed from Ω to. Suppose that there exsts a fucto f from Ω to some pots a ak Ω some postve real umbers r r ad a oegatve costat M such that Let ( Ed ) be a metrc space ad Ω be a subset of E. Cosder a sequece { f } k k r f x f x M d xa ; x Ωad for all. (D) Suppose furthermore that for each ε > 0 { f } ( ) coverges uformly to f o \ k B( a ε ) Ω ; where B a ε deotes the ope ball of E cetered at a ad wth radus ε. The the sequece of fuctos { f } coverges uformly to f o Ω. Proof Let ε > 0 be arbtrarly fxed (t may be suffcetly small order to be meagful). The for every atural umber we have r rk sup f( x) f ( x) max Mε + + sup f( x) f ( x). x Ω x Ω d( xa ) ε ; k Thus lm sup sup f r r k x f x + + Mε ε > 0 + x Ω by the uform covergece of { f } o \ k B( a ε ) Ad so.e. Ω. lmsup sup f ( x) f ( x ) 0; + x Ω lm sup f ( x) f ( x ) 0. + x Ω 58
3 .. Observato The boudedess codto (D) of the above theorem ca ot be removed as show by the sequece of fuctos defed from [ 0 ] to as follows: f ( x) x( x) ; x [ 0 ] ; where s equpped wth ts stadard metrc. Ideed { f } coverges uformly to 0 o [ ε ] for each ε ( 0) but wth k ad a 0 there s o postve umber r for whch the codto (D) s satsfed sce f ( x) Ad we ca see that { f } 3. Examples r > 0 sup sup. r 0< x x does ot coverge uformly to 0 o [ 0 ] sce 0 x + + lm sup f ( x ) lm 0. e We gve some examples that llustrate the theorem. () Let ( Ed ) be a fte metrc space ad let a E be fxed. Deote by ϕ the fucto defed from E to by The the sequece of fuctos { } coverges uformly to ϕ o E. ϕ x d xa x E. ϕ defed by ( ) ( ) m { ( )} + d ( x a) d xa + d xa d xa ϕ x x E () Gve a fte metrc space ( ) ) the sequece of fuctos { } u Ed a E defed by ad ( 0 ) ( ) d( xa) d xa u ( x) x E + coverges uformly to 0 o E ) the sequece of fuctos { v } defed by ( ) + we have that v x d xa exp d xa x E coverges uformly to 0 o E. (3) Let ( Ed ) be a fte metrc space ad Ω be a bouded ad fte subset of E let a ad b be two dfferet pots of Ω ad let ad be two fxed postve umbers. defed by ) Cosder the sequece of fuctos { } f The { f } ) Cosder the sequece of fuctos { g } ( ) d( x b) + d( x a) d( x b) d x a f ( x) x Ω. coverges uformly to 0 o Ω. defed by 59
4 The { g } ) Cosder the sequece of fuctos { h } The { h } ( ) d( x b) + d( x a) d( x b) d x a g ( x) x Ω. coverges uformly to 0 o Ω. defed by ( ) h x d x a d x b exp d x a d x b x Ω. coverges uformly to 0 o Ω. (4) I real aalyss we ca recover the facts that each of the followg sequeces coverges uformly to 0 o ther respectve domas: x x ; 0 x 3. x x; 0 x 3. s xcos x; 0 x 3. cos xs x; 0 x 3. x xe ; x 0 3. Justfcatos (Proofs) of the examples () For every we have { d( xa) } d ( x a) m ϕ ( x) ϕ( x) x E. + Therefore o the oe had for each ε > 0 we have ϕ ( x) ϕ( x) x E \ B( a ε) + ε showg that { ϕ } coverges uformly to ϕ o \ ( ) O the other had we have ϕ fulfllg codto (D) of the above theorem. ϕ coverges uformly to ϕ o E. Thus { } () ) O the oe had for each 0 ad so { u } O the other had we have E B a ε. ϕ x x d xa x E ad ε > we have for all x E\ B( a ε ) [ d( xa )] [ + d( xa )] [ + d( xa )] ( ε ) u ( x) u ( x) + coverges uformly to 0 o E\ B ( a ε ). fulfllg codto (D) of the above theorem. coverges uformly to 0 o E. Thus { u } ) The uform covergece of { v } u x d xa x E ad follows that of { u } sce Observe that the uform covergece of { } (3) Note that for all atural umber we have 0 v x u x x E ad. v 0 h g f ad for all wth > : could also be proved usg drectly the above theorem. 530
5 because followg from t e t 0 ad + t ( + t) Therefore t suffces to prove that { } t + t + t e t 0 ad. f coverges uformly to 0 o Ω although each of these three sequeces ca be hadled drectly wth the above theorem. Let δ be the dameter of Ω. The o the oe had for each 0 x Ω\ Ba ε Bb ε ad for all : ad so { f } O the other had we have ε > we have for all ( ) ( ) d( x b + ) δ + d( x a) d( x b) + ε d x a f( x) f( x) coverges uformly to 0 o \ ( Ba ( ε) Bb ( ε) ) Ω. f x d x a d x b x Ω ad showg codto (D) of the above theorem. coverges uformly to 0 o Ω ad we are doe. Thus { f } (4) ) Let us set ψ x x x ; 0 x wth 3. O the oe had we have for every : O the other had we have for every [ ] ψ x x x x 0. ε 0 : ψ x ε x ε ε for all showg that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o ( ε ε) Therefore by takg E Ω [ 0] a 0 that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o [ 0 ]. ψ x x x; 0 x wth 3. O the oe had we have for every : ) For O the other had we have for every. a r r ad M the above theorem mples [ ] ψ x x x x 0. ε 0 : ψ x ε x ε ε for all showg that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o ( ε ε) Therefore by takg E Ω [ 0] 0 mples that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o [ 0 ]. ) For ψ ( x) s xcos x; 0 x wth 3. O the oe had we have for every :. a a r r ad M the above theorem 53
6 O the other had we have for every showg that { } ψ ( x) x x x 0. ε 0 4 : ψ ( x) s ε cos ε x ε ε for all ψ coverges uformly to 0 o ε ε sce cos ε <. Therefore by takg E Ω 0 a 0 a r r ad M the above theorem ψ coverges uformly to 0 o 0. v) For ψ ( x) cos xs x; 0 x wth 3. O the oe had we have for every : mples that { } O the other had we have for every ψ ( x) x x x 0. ε 0 4 : ψ ( x) cos ε x ε ε for all showg that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o ε ε sce cos ε <. Therefore by takg E Ω 0 a 0 a r r ad M the above theorem mples that { ψ } coverges uformly to 0 o 0. x v) The example of ψ ( x) xe ; x 0 wth 3 s a partcular case of Example ()-) above wth E + d( xy ) x y for all xy + a 0 ad. Refereces [] Godemet R. (004) Aalyss I. Covergece Elemetary Fuctos. Sprger Berl. [] Mukres J. (000) Topology. d Edto. Prtce Hall Ic. Upper Saddle Rver. [3] Ross K.A. (03) Elemetary Aalyss. The Theory of Calculus. Sprger New York. [4] Godemet R. ad Spa P. (005) Aalyss II: Dfferetal ad Itegral Calculus Fourer Seres Holomorphc Fctos. Sprger Berl. [5] Ezzb K. Degla G. ad Ndambomve P. ( Press) Cotrollablty for Some Partal Fuctoal Itegrodfferetal Equatos wth Nolocal Codtos Baach Spaces. Dscussoes Mathematcae Dfferetal Iclusos Cotrol ad Optmzato. [6] Freslo J. Poeau J. Fredo D. ad Mor C. (00) Mathématques. Exercces Icotourables MP. Duod Pars. 53
7 Appedx I ths secto we prove Proposto B for the sake of completeess. Proof of Proposto B Let ε > 0 be gve. By the Uform Boudedess Prcple we have that sup M sup T. The there exst Also { } a a am such that : ε x K j m x B a j. We have that ( M + ) m ε K B a. ( M + ) + + T x aj + T aj x + T( aj) T( aj) T x T x T x T a T a T a T a T x j j j j ε M + T a T a M +. j j It follows that T ( x) T( x) ε T ( a ) T( a ) supx K + max m ad therefore supx K T x T x 0 as +. T <. So let 533
Research Article A New Iterative Method for Common Fixed Points of a Finite Family of Nonexpansive Mappings
Hdaw Publshg Corporato Iteratoal Joural of Mathematcs ad Mathematcal Sceces Volume 009, Artcle ID 391839, 9 pages do:10.1155/009/391839 Research Artcle A New Iteratve Method for Commo Fxed Pots of a Fte
More informationStrong Convergence of Weighted Averaged Approximants of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces without Uniform Convexity
BULLETIN of the MALAYSIAN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SOCIETY Bull. Malays. Math. Sc. Soc. () 7 (004), 5 35 Strog Covergece of Weghted Averaged Appromats of Asymptotcally Noepasve Mappgs Baach Spaces wthout
More informationThe Mathematical Appendix
The Mathematcal Appedx Defto A: If ( Λ, Ω, where ( λ λ λ whch the probablty dstrbutos,,..., Defto A. uppose that ( Λ,,..., s a expermet type, the σ-algebra o λ λ λ are defed s deoted by ( (,,...,, σ Ω.
More informationComplete Convergence and Some Maximal Inequalities for Weighted Sums of Random Variables
Joural of Sceces, Islamc Republc of Ira 8(4): -6 (007) Uversty of Tehra, ISSN 06-04 http://sceces.ut.ac.r Complete Covergece ad Some Maxmal Iequaltes for Weghted Sums of Radom Varables M. Am,,* H.R. Nl
More information. The set of these sums. be a partition of [ ab, ]. Consider the sum f( x) f( x 1)
Chapter 7 Fuctos o Bouded Varato. Subject: Real Aalyss Level: M.Sc. Source: Syed Gul Shah (Charma, Departmet o Mathematcs, US Sargodha Collected & Composed by: Atq ur Rehma (atq@mathcty.org, http://www.mathcty.org
More informationEntropy ISSN by MDPI
Etropy 2003, 5, 233-238 Etropy ISSN 1099-4300 2003 by MDPI www.mdp.org/etropy O the Measure Etropy of Addtve Cellular Automata Hasa Aı Arts ad Sceces Faculty, Departmet of Mathematcs, Harra Uversty; 63100,
More informationTHE PROBABILISTIC STABILITY FOR THE GAMMA FUNCTIONAL EQUATION
Joural of Scece ad Arts Year 12, No. 3(2), pp. 297-32, 212 ORIGINAL AER THE ROBABILISTIC STABILITY FOR THE GAMMA FUNCTIONAL EQUATION DOREL MIHET 1, CLAUDIA ZAHARIA 1 Mauscrpt receved: 3.6.212; Accepted
More informationAsymptotic Formulas Composite Numbers II
Iteratoal Matematcal Forum, Vol. 8, 203, o. 34, 65-662 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-kar.com ttp://d.do.org/0.2988/mf.203.3854 Asymptotc Formulas Composte Numbers II Rafael Jakmczuk Dvsó Matemátca, Uversdad Nacoal
More informationPROJECTION PROBLEM FOR REGULAR POLYGONS
Joural of Mathematcal Sceces: Advaces ad Applcatos Volume, Number, 008, Pages 95-50 PROJECTION PROBLEM FOR REGULAR POLYGONS College of Scece Bejg Forestry Uversty Bejg 0008 P. R. Cha e-mal: sl@bjfu.edu.c
More informationAitken delta-squared generalized Juncgk-type iterative procedure
Atke delta-squared geeralzed Jucgk-type teratve procedure M. De la Se Isttute of Research ad Developmet of Processes. Uversty of Basque Coutry Campus of Leoa (Bzkaa) PO Box. 644- Blbao, 488- Blbao. SPAIN
More informationEconometric Methods. Review of Estimation
Ecoometrc Methods Revew of Estmato Estmatg the populato mea Radom samplg Pot ad terval estmators Lear estmators Ubased estmators Lear Ubased Estmators (LUEs) Effcecy (mmum varace) ad Best Lear Ubased Estmators
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction
Joura of Mathematca Sceces: Advaces ad Appcatos Voume 4 umber 2 2 Pages 33-34 COVERGECE OF HE PROJECO YPE SHKAWA ERAO PROCESS WH ERRORS FOR A FE FAMY OF OSEF -ASYMPOCAY QUAS-OEXPASVE MAPPGS HUA QU ad S-SHEG
More informationX ε ) = 0, or equivalently, lim
Revew for the prevous lecture Cocepts: order statstcs Theorems: Dstrbutos of order statstcs Examples: How to get the dstrbuto of order statstcs Chapter 5 Propertes of a Radom Sample Secto 55 Covergece
More informationLebesgue Measure of Generalized Cantor Set
Aals of Pure ad Appled Mathematcs Vol., No.,, -8 ISSN: -8X P), -888ole) Publshed o 8 May www.researchmathsc.org Aals of Lebesgue Measure of Geeralzed ator Set Md. Jahurul Islam ad Md. Shahdul Islam Departmet
More informationPoint Estimation: definition of estimators
Pot Estmato: defto of estmators Pot estmator: ay fucto W (X,..., X ) of a data sample. The exercse of pot estmato s to use partcular fuctos of the data order to estmate certa ukow populato parameters.
More informationArithmetic Mean and Geometric Mean
Acta Mathematca Ntresa Vol, No, p 43 48 ISSN 453-6083 Arthmetc Mea ad Geometrc Mea Mare Varga a * Peter Mchalča b a Departmet of Mathematcs, Faculty of Natural Sceces, Costate the Phlosopher Uversty Ntra,
More informationResearch Article Some Strong Limit Theorems for Weighted Product Sums of ρ-mixing Sequences of Random Variables
Hdaw Publshg Corporato Joural of Iequaltes ad Applcatos Volume 2009, Artcle ID 174768, 10 pages do:10.1155/2009/174768 Research Artcle Some Strog Lmt Theorems for Weghted Product Sums of ρ-mxg Sequeces
More informationOn L- Fuzzy Sets. T. Rama Rao, Ch. Prabhakara Rao, Dawit Solomon And Derso Abeje.
Iteratoal Joural of Fuzzy Mathematcs ad Systems. ISSN 2248-9940 Volume 3, Number 5 (2013), pp. 375-379 Research Ida Publcatos http://www.rpublcato.com O L- Fuzzy Sets T. Rama Rao, Ch. Prabhakara Rao, Dawt
More information= lim. (x 1 x 2... x n ) 1 n. = log. x i. = M, n
.. Soluto of Problem. M s obvously cotuous o ], [ ad ], [. Observe that M x,..., x ) M x,..., x ) )..) We ext show that M s odecreasg o ], [. Of course.) mles that M s odecreasg o ], [ as well. To show
More informationAnalysis of Lagrange Interpolation Formula
P IJISET - Iteratoal Joural of Iovatve Scece, Egeerg & Techology, Vol. Issue, December 4. www.jset.com ISS 348 7968 Aalyss of Lagrage Iterpolato Formula Vjay Dahya PDepartmet of MathematcsMaharaja Surajmal
More informationNon-uniform Turán-type problems
Joural of Combatoral Theory, Seres A 111 2005 106 110 wwwelsevercomlocatecta No-uform Turá-type problems DhruvMubay 1, Y Zhao 2 Departmet of Mathematcs, Statstcs, ad Computer Scece, Uversty of Illos at
More informationInternational Journal of Mathematical Archive-5(8), 2014, Available online through ISSN
Iteratoal Joural of Mathematcal Archve-5(8) 204 25-29 Avalable ole through www.jma.fo ISSN 2229 5046 COMMON FIXED POINT OF GENERALIZED CONTRACTION MAPPING IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES Hamd Mottagh Golsha* ad
More informationA New Method for Solving Fuzzy Linear. Programming by Solving Linear Programming
ppled Matheatcal Sceces Vol 008 o 50 7-80 New Method for Solvg Fuzzy Lear Prograg by Solvg Lear Prograg S H Nasser a Departet of Matheatcs Faculty of Basc Sceces Mazadara Uversty Babolsar Ira b The Research
More informationUnimodality Tests for Global Optimization of Single Variable Functions Using Statistical Methods
Malaysa Umodalty Joural Tests of Mathematcal for Global Optmzato Sceces (): of 05 Sgle - 5 Varable (007) Fuctos Usg Statstcal Methods Umodalty Tests for Global Optmzato of Sgle Varable Fuctos Usg Statstcal
More informationAlmost Sure Convergence of Pair-wise NQD Random Sequence
www.ccseet.org/mas Moder Appled Scece Vol. 4 o. ; December 00 Almost Sure Covergece of Par-wse QD Radom Sequece Yachu Wu College of Scece Gul Uversty of Techology Gul 54004 Cha Tel: 86-37-377-6466 E-mal:
More informationFunctions of Random Variables
Fuctos of Radom Varables Chapter Fve Fuctos of Radom Varables 5. Itroducto A geeral egeerg aalyss model s show Fg. 5.. The model output (respose) cotas the performaces of a system or product, such as weght,
More informationLarge and Moderate Deviation Principles for Kernel Distribution Estimator
Iteratoal Mathematcal Forum, Vol. 9, 2014, o. 18, 871-890 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com http://dx.do.org/10.12988/mf.2014.4488 Large ad Moderate Devato Prcples for Kerel Dstrbuto Estmator Yousr Slaou Uversté
More informationOn Modified Interval Symmetric Single-Step Procedure ISS2-5D for the Simultaneous Inclusion of Polynomial Zeros
It. Joural of Math. Aalyss, Vol. 7, 2013, o. 20, 983-988 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com O Modfed Iterval Symmetrc Sgle-Step Procedure ISS2-5D for the Smultaeous Icluso of Polyomal Zeros 1 Nora Jamalud, 1 Masor
More information1 Lyapunov Stability Theory
Lyapuov Stablty heory I ths secto we cosder proofs of stablty of equlbra of autoomous systems. hs s stadard theory for olear systems, ad oe of the most mportat tools the aalyss of olear systems. It may
More informationChapter 5 Properties of a Random Sample
Lecture 6 o BST 63: Statstcal Theory I Ku Zhag, /0/008 Revew for the prevous lecture Cocepts: t-dstrbuto, F-dstrbuto Theorems: Dstrbutos of sample mea ad sample varace, relatoshp betwee sample mea ad sample
More informationBeam Warming Second-Order Upwind Method
Beam Warmg Secod-Order Upwd Method Petr Valeta Jauary 6, 015 Ths documet s a part of the assessmet work for the subject 1DRP Dfferetal Equatos o Computer lectured o FNSPE CTU Prague. Abstract Ths documet
More informationExtreme Value Theory: An Introduction
(correcto d Extreme Value Theory: A Itroducto by Laures de Haa ad Aa Ferrera Wth ths webpage the authors ted to form the readers of errors or mstakes foud the book after publcato. We also gve extesos for
More informationCHAPTER VI Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
Chapter VI Statstcal Aalyss of Expermetal Data CHAPTER VI Statstcal Aalyss of Expermetal Data Measuremets do ot lead to a uque value. Ths s a result of the multtude of errors (maly radom errors) that ca
More informationMATH 247/Winter Notes on the adjoint and on normal operators.
MATH 47/Wter 00 Notes o the adjot ad o ormal operators I these otes, V s a fte dmesoal er product space over, wth gve er * product uv, T, S, T, are lear operators o V U, W are subspaces of V Whe we say
More informationρ < 1 be five real numbers. The
Lecture o BST 63: Statstcal Theory I Ku Zhag, /0/006 Revew for the prevous lecture Deftos: covarace, correlato Examples: How to calculate covarace ad correlato Theorems: propertes of correlato ad covarace
More informationUniform asymptotical stability of almost periodic solution of a discrete multispecies Lotka-Volterra competition system
Iteratoal Joural of Egeerg ad Advaced Research Techology (IJEART) ISSN: 2454-9290, Volume-2, Issue-1, Jauary 2016 Uform asymptotcal stablty of almost perodc soluto of a dscrete multspeces Lotka-Volterra
More informationExtend the Borel-Cantelli Lemma to Sequences of. Non-Independent Random Variables
ppled Mathematcal Sceces, Vol 4, 00, o 3, 637-64 xted the Borel-Catell Lemma to Sequeces of No-Idepedet Radom Varables olah Der Departmet of Statstc, Scece ad Research Campus zad Uversty of Tehra-Ira der53@gmalcom
More informationChapter 4 Multiple Random Variables
Revew for the prevous lecture: Theorems ad Examples: How to obta the pmf (pdf) of U = g (, Y) ad V = g (, Y) Chapter 4 Multple Radom Varables Chapter 44 Herarchcal Models ad Mxture Dstrbutos Examples:
More informationAssignment 5/MATH 247/Winter Due: Friday, February 19 in class (!) (answers will be posted right after class)
Assgmet 5/MATH 7/Wter 00 Due: Frday, February 9 class (!) (aswers wll be posted rght after class) As usual, there are peces of text, before the questos [], [], themselves. Recall: For the quadratc form
More informationEVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL INTEGRALS BY MEANS OF A SERIES AND THE METHOD OF BOREL TRANSFORM
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL INTEGRALS BY MEANS OF A SERIES AND THE METHOD OF BOREL TRANSFORM Jose Javer Garca Moreta Ph. D research studet at the UPV/EHU (Uversty of Basque coutry) Departmet of Theoretcal
More informationA Penalty Function Algorithm with Objective Parameters and Constraint Penalty Parameter for Multi-Objective Programming
Aerca Joural of Operatos Research, 4, 4, 33-339 Publshed Ole Noveber 4 ScRes http://wwwscrporg/oural/aor http://ddoorg/436/aor4463 A Pealty Fucto Algorth wth Obectve Paraeters ad Costrat Pealty Paraeter
More informationChapter 14 Logistic Regression Models
Chapter 4 Logstc Regresso Models I the lear regresso model X β + ε, there are two types of varables explaatory varables X, X,, X k ad study varable y These varables ca be measured o a cotuous scale as
More informationThe Occupancy and Coupon Collector problems
Chapter 4 The Occupacy ad Coupo Collector problems By Sarel Har-Peled, Jauary 9, 08 4 Prelmares [ Defto 4 Varace ad Stadard Devato For a radom varable X, let V E [ X [ µ X deote the varace of X, where
More informationPart 4b Asymptotic Results for MRR2 using PRESS. Recall that the PRESS statistic is a special type of cross validation procedure (see Allen (1971))
art 4b Asymptotc Results for MRR usg RESS Recall that the RESS statstc s a specal type of cross valdato procedure (see Alle (97)) partcular to the regresso problem ad volves fdg Y $,, the estmate at the
More informationCubic Nonpolynomial Spline Approach to the Solution of a Second Order Two-Point Boundary Value Problem
Joural of Amerca Scece ;6( Cubc Nopolyomal Sple Approach to the Soluto of a Secod Order Two-Pot Boudary Value Problem W.K. Zahra, F.A. Abd El-Salam, A.A. El-Sabbagh ad Z.A. ZAk * Departmet of Egeerg athematcs
More informationSpecial Instructions / Useful Data
JAM 6 Set of all real umbers P A..d. B, p Posso Specal Istructos / Useful Data x,, :,,, x x Probablty of a evet A Idepedetly ad detcally dstrbuted Bomal dstrbuto wth parameters ad p Posso dstrbuto wth
More informationApplication of Generating Functions to the Theory of Success Runs
Aled Mathematcal Sceces, Vol. 10, 2016, o. 50, 2491-2495 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com htt://dx.do.org/10.12988/ams.2016.66197 Alcato of Geeratg Fuctos to the Theory of Success Rus B.M. Bekker, O.A. Ivaov
More informationA Conventional Approach for the Solution of the Fifth Order Boundary Value Problems Using Sixth Degree Spline Functions
Appled Matheatcs, 1, 4, 8-88 http://d.do.org/1.4/a.1.448 Publshed Ole Aprl 1 (http://www.scrp.org/joural/a) A Covetoal Approach for the Soluto of the Ffth Order Boudary Value Probles Usg Sth Degree Sple
More informationONE GENERALIZED INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON THE TRIANGLE
Joural of Pure ad Appled Mathematcs: Advaces ad Applcatos Volume 4 Number 205 Pages 77-87 Avalable at http://scetfcadvaces.co. DOI: http://.do.org/0.8642/jpamaa_7002534 ONE GENERALIZED INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX
More informationANALYSIS ON THE NATURE OF THE BASIC EQUATIONS IN SYNERGETIC INTER-REPRESENTATION NETWORK
Far East Joural of Appled Mathematcs Volume, Number, 2008, Pages Ths paper s avalable ole at http://www.pphm.com 2008 Pushpa Publshg House ANALYSIS ON THE NATURE OF THE ASI EQUATIONS IN SYNERGETI INTER-REPRESENTATION
More informationGeneralization of the Dissimilarity Measure of Fuzzy Sets
Iteratoal Mathematcal Forum 2 2007 o. 68 3395-3400 Geeralzato of the Dssmlarty Measure of Fuzzy Sets Faramarz Faghh Boformatcs Laboratory Naobotechology Research Ceter vesa Research Isttute CECR Tehra
More informationExchangeable Sequences, Laws of Large Numbers, and the Mortgage Crisis.
Exchageable Sequeces, Laws of Large Numbers, ad the Mortgage Crss. Myug Joo Sog Advsor: Prof. Ja Madel May 2009 Itroducto The law of large umbers for..d. sequece gves covergece of sample meas to a costat,.e.,
More informationSTRONG CONSISTENCY OF LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATE IN MULTIPLE REGRESSION WHEN THE ERROR VARIANCE IS INFINITE
Statstca Sca 9(1999), 289-296 STRONG CONSISTENCY OF LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATE IN MULTIPLE REGRESSION WHEN THE ERROR VARIANCE IS INFINITE J Mgzhog ad Che Xru GuZhou Natoal College ad Graduate School, Chese
More informationResearch Article Multidimensional Hilbert-Type Inequalities with a Homogeneous Kernel
Hdaw Publshg Corporato Joural of Iequaltes ad Applcatos Volume 29, Artcle ID 3958, 2 pages do:.55/29/3958 Research Artcle Multdmesoal Hlbert-Type Iequaltes wth a Homogeeous Kerel Predrag Vuovć Faculty
More informationSolving Constrained Flow-Shop Scheduling. Problems with Three Machines
It J Cotemp Math Sceces, Vol 5, 2010, o 19, 921-929 Solvg Costraed Flow-Shop Schedulg Problems wth Three Maches P Pada ad P Rajedra Departmet of Mathematcs, School of Advaced Sceces, VIT Uversty, Vellore-632
More informationMaps on Triangular Matrix Algebras
Maps o ragular Matrx lgebras HMED RMZI SOUROUR Departmet of Mathematcs ad Statstcs Uversty of Vctora Vctora, BC V8W 3P4 CND sourour@mathuvcca bstract We surveys results about somorphsms, Jorda somorphsms,
More informationarxiv:math/ v2 [math.gr] 26 Feb 2001
arxv:math/0101070v2 [math.gr] 26 Feb 2001 O drft ad etropy growth for radom walks o groups Aa Erschler (Dyuba) e-mal: aad@math.tau.ac.l, erschler@pdm.ras.ru 1 Itroducto prelmary verso We cosder symmetrc
More information1 0, x? x x. 1 Root finding. 1.1 Introduction. Solve[x^2-1 0,x] {{x -1},{x 1}} Plot[x^2-1,{x,-2,2}] 3
Adrew Powuk - http://www.powuk.com- Math 49 (Numercal Aalyss) Root fdg. Itroducto f ( ),?,? Solve[^-,] {{-},{}} Plot[^-,{,-,}] Cubc equato https://e.wkpeda.org/wk/cubc_fucto Quartc equato https://e.wkpeda.org/wk/quartc_fucto
More informationIntroduction to Probability
Itroducto to Probablty Nader H Bshouty Departmet of Computer Scece Techo 32000 Israel e-mal: bshouty@cstechoacl 1 Combatorcs 11 Smple Rules I Combatorcs The rule of sum says that the umber of ways to choose
More informationAN EULER-MC LAURIN FORMULA FOR INFINITE DIMENSIONAL SPACES
AN EULER-MC LAURIN FORMULA FOR INFINITE DIMENSIONAL SPACES Jose Javer Garca Moreta Graduate Studet of Physcs ( Sold State ) at UPV/EHU Address: P.O 6 890 Portugalete, Vzcaya (Spa) Phoe: (00) 3 685 77 16
More information5 Short Proofs of Simplified Stirling s Approximation
5 Short Proofs of Smplfed Strlg s Approxmato Ofr Gorodetsky, drtymaths.wordpress.com Jue, 20 0 Itroducto Strlg s approxmato s the followg (somewhat surprsg) approxmato of the factoral,, usg elemetary fuctos:
More informationA Family of Non-Self Maps Satisfying i -Contractive Condition and Having Unique Common Fixed Point in Metrically Convex Spaces *
Advaces Pure Matheatcs 0 80-84 htt://dxdoorg/0436/a04036 Publshed Ole July 0 (htt://wwwscrporg/oural/a) A Faly of No-Self Mas Satsfyg -Cotractve Codto ad Havg Uque Coo Fxed Pot Metrcally Covex Saces *
More informationF. Inequalities. HKAL Pure Mathematics. 進佳數學團隊 Dr. Herbert Lam 林康榮博士. [Solution] Example Basic properties
進佳數學團隊 Dr. Herbert Lam 林康榮博士 HKAL Pure Mathematcs F. Ieualtes. Basc propertes Theorem Let a, b, c be real umbers. () If a b ad b c, the a c. () If a b ad c 0, the ac bc, but f a b ad c 0, the ac bc. Theorem
More informationLecture 12 APPROXIMATION OF FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVES
FDM: Appromato of Frst Order Dervatves Lecture APPROXIMATION OF FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVES. INTRODUCTION Covectve term coservato equatos volve frst order dervatves. The smplest possble approach for dscretzato
More informationNP!= P. By Liu Ran. Table of Contents. The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer
NP!= P By Lu Ra Table of Cotets. Itroduce 2. Prelmary theorem 3. Proof 4. Expla 5. Cocluso. Itroduce The P versus NP problem s a major usolved problem computer scece. Iformally, t asks whether a computer
More informationIntroduction to local (nonparametric) density estimation. methods
Itroducto to local (oparametrc) desty estmato methods A slecture by Yu Lu for ECE 66 Sprg 014 1. Itroducto Ths slecture troduces two local desty estmato methods whch are Parze desty estmato ad k-earest
More informationConsensus Control for a Class of High Order System via Sliding Mode Control
Cosesus Cotrol for a Class of Hgh Order System va Sldg Mode Cotrol Chagb L, Y He, ad Aguo Wu School of Electrcal ad Automato Egeerg, Taj Uversty, Taj, Cha, 300072 Abstract. I ths paper, cosesus problem
More informationA tighter lower bound on the circuit size of the hardest Boolean functions
Electroc Colloquum o Computatoal Complexty, Report No. 86 2011) A tghter lower boud o the crcut sze of the hardest Boolea fuctos Masak Yamamoto Abstract I [IPL2005], Fradse ad Mlterse mproved bouds o the
More informationECONOMETRIC THEORY. MODULE VIII Lecture - 26 Heteroskedasticity
ECONOMETRIC THEORY MODULE VIII Lecture - 6 Heteroskedastcty Dr. Shalabh Departmet of Mathematcs ad Statstcs Ida Isttute of Techology Kapur . Breusch Paga test Ths test ca be appled whe the replcated data
More informationQ-analogue of a Linear Transformation Preserving Log-concavity
Iteratoal Joural of Algebra, Vol. 1, 2007, o. 2, 87-94 Q-aalogue of a Lear Trasformato Preservg Log-cocavty Daozhog Luo Departmet of Mathematcs, Huaqao Uversty Quazhou, Fua 362021, P. R. Cha ldzblue@163.com
More informationReview Exam II Complex Analysis
Revew Exam II Complex Aalyss Uderled Propostos or Theorems: Proofs May Be Asked for o Exam Chapter 3. Ifte Seres Defto: Covergece Defto: Absolute Covergece Proposto. Absolute Covergece mples Covergece
More informationResearch Article Gauss-Lobatto Formulae and Extremal Problems
Hdaw Publshg Corporato Joural of Iequaltes ad Applcatos Volume 2008 Artcle ID 624989 0 pages do:055/2008/624989 Research Artcle Gauss-Lobatto Formulae ad Extremal Problems wth Polyomals Aa Mara Acu ad
More information{ }{ ( )} (, ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) Chapter 14 Exercises in Sampling Theory. Exercise 1 (Simple random sampling): Solution:
Chapter 4 Exercses Samplg Theory Exercse (Smple radom samplg: Let there be two correlated radom varables X ad A sample of sze s draw from a populato by smple radom samplg wthout replacemet The observed
More informationStrong Laws of Large Numbers for Fuzzy Set-Valued Random Variables in Gα Space
Advaces Pure Matheatcs 26 6 583-592 Publshed Ole August 26 ScRes http://wwwscrporg/oural/ap http://dxdoorg/4236/ap266947 Strog Laws of Large Nubers for uzzy Set-Valued Rado Varables G Space Lae She L Gua
More informationarxiv:math/ v1 [math.gm] 8 Dec 2005
arxv:math/05272v [math.gm] 8 Dec 2005 A GENERALIZATION OF AN INEQUALITY FROM IMO 2005 NIKOLAI NIKOLOV The preset paper was spred by the thrd problem from the IMO 2005. A specal award was gve to Yure Boreko
More informationSTK4011 and STK9011 Autumn 2016
STK4 ad STK9 Autum 6 Pot estmato Covers (most of the followg materal from chapter 7: Secto 7.: pages 3-3 Secto 7..: pages 3-33 Secto 7..: pages 35-3 Secto 7..3: pages 34-35 Secto 7.3.: pages 33-33 Secto
More informationON THE LOGARITHMIC INTEGRAL
Hacettepe Joural of Mathematcs ad Statstcs Volume 39(3) (21), 393 41 ON THE LOGARITHMIC INTEGRAL Bra Fsher ad Bljaa Jolevska-Tueska Receved 29:9 :29 : Accepted 2 :3 :21 Abstract The logarthmc tegral l(x)
More information( ) = ( ) ( ) Chapter 13 Asymptotic Theory and Stochastic Regressors. Stochastic regressors model
Chapter 3 Asmptotc Theor ad Stochastc Regressors The ature of eplaator varable s assumed to be o-stochastc or fed repeated samples a regresso aalss Such a assumpto s approprate for those epermets whch
More informationA Study on Generalized Generalized Quasi hyperbolic Kac Moody algebra QHGGH of rank 10
Global Joural of Mathematcal Sceces: Theory ad Practcal. ISSN 974-3 Volume 9, Number 3 (7), pp. 43-4 Iteratoal Research Publcato House http://www.rphouse.com A Study o Geeralzed Geeralzed Quas (9) hyperbolc
More informationComparison of Dual to Ratio-Cum-Product Estimators of Population Mean
Research Joural of Mathematcal ad Statstcal Sceces ISS 30 6047 Vol. 1(), 5-1, ovember (013) Res. J. Mathematcal ad Statstcal Sc. Comparso of Dual to Rato-Cum-Product Estmators of Populato Mea Abstract
More informationJournal Of Inequalities And Applications, 2008, v. 2008, p
Ttle O verse Hlbert-tye equaltes Authors Chagja, Z; Cheug, WS Ctato Joural Of Iequaltes Ad Alcatos, 2008, v. 2008,. 693248 Issued Date 2008 URL htt://hdl.hadle.et/0722/56208 Rghts Ths work s lcesed uder
More informationA NEW LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Joural of Statstcs: Advaces Theory ad Applcatos Volume 6, Number, 06, Pages 93-04 Avalable at http://scetfcadvaces.co. DOI: http://dx.do.org/0.864/jsata_700705 A NEW LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Departmet of
More informationCOMPROMISE HYPERSPHERE FOR STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE MODEL
Sebasta Starz COMPROMISE HYPERSPHERE FOR STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE MODEL Abstract The am of the work s to preset a method of rakg a fte set of dscrete radom varables. The proposed method s based o two approaches:
More informationPoisson Vector Fields on Weil Bundles
dvaces Pure athematcs 205 5 757-766 Publshed Ole November 205 ScRes htt://wwwscrorg/joural/am htt://dxdoorg/04236/am20553069 Posso Vector Felds o Wel Budles Norbert ahougou oukala Basle Guy Rchard Bossoto
More informationBERNSTEIN COLLOCATION METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. Aysegul Akyuz Dascioglu and Nese Isler
Mathematcal ad Computatoal Applcatos, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 293-300, 203 BERNSTEIN COLLOCATION METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Aysegul Ayuz Dascoglu ad Nese Isler Departmet of Mathematcs,
More informationFurther Results on Pair Sum Labeling of Trees
Appled Mathematcs 0 70-7 do:046/am0077 Publshed Ole October 0 (http://wwwscrporg/joural/am) Further Results o Par Sum Labelg of Trees Abstract Raja Poraj Jeyaraj Vjaya Xaver Parthpa Departmet of Mathematcs
More informationDIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS Course Project: Classcal Mechacs (PHY 40) Suja Dabholkar (Y430) Sul Yeshwath (Y444). Itroducto Hamltoa mechacs s geometry phase space. It deals
More informationA Characterization of Jacobson Radical in Γ-Banach Algebras
Advaces Pure Matheatcs 43-48 http://dxdoorg/436/ap66 Publshed Ole Noveber (http://wwwscrporg/joural/ap) A Characterzato of Jacobso Radcal Γ-Baach Algebras Nlash Goswa Departet of Matheatcs Gauhat Uversty
More informationRuntime analysis RLS on OneMax. Heuristic Optimization
Lecture 6 Rutme aalyss RLS o OeMax trals of {,, },, l ( + ɛ) l ( ɛ)( ) l Algorthm Egeerg Group Hasso Platter Isttute, Uversty of Potsdam 9 May T, We wat to rgorously uderstad ths behavor 9 May / Rutme
More informationPTAS for Bin-Packing
CS 663: Patter Matchg Algorthms Scrbe: Che Jag /9/00. Itroducto PTAS for B-Packg The B-Packg problem s NP-hard. If we use approxmato algorthms, the B-Packg problem could be solved polyomal tme. For example,
More informationX X X E[ ] E X E X. is the ()m n where the ( i,)th. j element is the mean of the ( i,)th., then
Secto 5 Vectors of Radom Varables Whe workg wth several radom varables,,..., to arrage them vector form x, t s ofte coveet We ca the make use of matrx algebra to help us orgaze ad mapulate large umbers
More informationChapter 4 (Part 1): Non-Parametric Classification (Sections ) Pattern Classification 4.3) Announcements
Aoucemets No-Parametrc Desty Estmato Techques HW assged Most of ths lecture was o the blacboard. These sldes cover the same materal as preseted DHS Bometrcs CSE 90-a Lecture 7 CSE90a Fall 06 CSE90a Fall
More informationOn the Approximation Properties of Bernstein Polynomials via Probabilistic Tools
Boletí de la Asocacó Matemátca Veezolaa, Vol. X, No. 1 003 5 O the Approxmato Propertes of Berste Polyomals va Probablstc Tools Heryk Gzyl ad José Lus Palacos Abstract We study two loosely related problems
More informationOn Submanifolds of an Almost r-paracontact Riemannian Manifold Endowed with a Quarter Symmetric Metric Connection
Theoretcal Mathematcs & Applcatos vol. 4 o. 4 04-7 ISS: 79-9687 prt 79-9709 ole Scepress Ltd 04 O Submafolds of a Almost r-paracotact emaa Mafold Edowed wth a Quarter Symmetrc Metrc Coecto Mob Ahmad Abdullah.
More informationOn the convergence of derivatives of Bernstein approximation
O the covergece of dervatves of Berste approxmato Mchael S. Floater Abstract: By dfferetatg a remader formula of Stacu, we derve both a error boud ad a asymptotc formula for the dervatves of Berste approxmato.
More informationNP!= P. By Liu Ran. Table of Contents. The P vs. NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer
NP!= P By Lu Ra Table of Cotets. Itroduce 2. Strategy 3. Prelmary theorem 4. Proof 5. Expla 6. Cocluso. Itroduce The P vs. NP problem s a major usolved problem computer scece. Iformally, t asks whether
More informationMulti Objective Fuzzy Inventory Model with. Demand Dependent Unit Cost and Lead Time. Constraints A Karush Kuhn Tucker Conditions.
It. Joural of Math. Aalyss, Vol. 8, 204, o. 4, 87-93 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com http://dx.do.org/0.2988/jma.204.30252 Mult Objectve Fuzzy Ivetory Model wth Demad Depedet Ut Cost ad Lead Tme Costrats A
More informationENGI 4421 Joint Probability Distributions Page Joint Probability Distributions [Navidi sections 2.5 and 2.6; Devore sections
ENGI 441 Jot Probablty Dstrbutos Page 7-01 Jot Probablty Dstrbutos [Navd sectos.5 ad.6; Devore sectos 5.1-5.] The jot probablty mass fucto of two dscrete radom quattes, s, P ad p x y x y The margal probablty
More informationChapter 4 Multiple Random Variables
Revew o BST 63: Statstcal Theory I Ku Zhag, /0/008 Revew for Chapter 4-5 Notes: Although all deftos ad theorems troduced our lectures ad ths ote are mportat ad you should be famlar wth, but I put those
More informationResearch Article On the Rate of Convergence by Generalized Baskakov Operators
Advaces Mathematcal Physcs Volume 25, Artcle ID 564854, 6 pages http://dx.do.org/.55/25/564854 Research Artcle O the Rate of Covergece by Geeralzed Basaov Operators Y Gao, Weshua Wag, 2 ad Shgag Yue 3
More information