The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

Transcription

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2 Tornados Definition: Tornado - A rotating column of air ranging in width from a few yards to more than a mile and whirling at destructively high speeds, usually accompanied by a funnelshaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Description: Tornados are a highly unpredictable, violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud. It is spawned by a thunderstorm (or sometimes as a result of a hurricane) and produced when cool air overrides a layer of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise rapidly. (National Weather Service) The most destructive and deadly tornados occur from supercells -- which are rotating thunderstorms with a well-defined radar circulation called a mesocyclone. (Supercells can also produce damaging hail, severe non-tornadic winds, unusually frequent lightning, and flash floods.) Tornado season is generally March through August, although tornados can occur at any time of year. They tend to occur in the afternoons and evenings: over 80 percent of all tornados strike between noon and midnight. The damage from a tornado is a result of the high wind velocity (up to 250mph) and windblown debris with paths that can be in excess of one mile wide and fifty miles long. Tornados gain their destructive power by increasing wind speed and picking up all debris in its path. They have been known to blow off roofs of houses, move cars and tractor-trailers, and completely demolish homes. According to the Fujita-Pearson Tornado Measurement Scale, the magnitude of a tornado is categorized by its damage pattern (i.e. the path of the tornado) and its wind velocity. This scale is the only widely used rating method. Its aim is to validate classification by relating the degree of damage to the intensity of the wind. In 2007 the National Weather Service adopted the Enhanced Fujita scale. or EF-Scale,. developed by the Texas Tech Univ. Wind Science and Engineering Research Center in conjunction with other wind engineers and meteorologists. Incorporating improved knowledge of wind speeds and the resulting damage, as well as including more damage indicators (and thus allowing for a more accurate assessment of a tornado based on the destruction it caused), the scale retained the categories used by the Fujita scale but revised the associated wind speeds Update - Section 3.3 Risk assessment 45

3 THE FUJITA-PEARSON SCALE Fujita Scale Estimated Wind Speed (mph) Revised Wind Speed (mph) as of 2007 EFO Typical Damage F0 < F F F F F >200 Light Damage - Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; signboards damaged. Moderate Damage - Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads. Considerable Damage - Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. Severe Damage - Roofs and some walls torn off wellconstructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown. Devastating Damage - Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated. Incredible Damage - Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur. Bradfordsville Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 46

4 Facts Worldwide about one thousand tornados a year are generated by severe thunderstorms. Earthquake-induced fires and wildfires may also produce tornados. A tornado can move as fast as125mph with internal winds speeds exceeding 300mph. Over the past 25 years, more than 100 federal disaster declarations included damage associated with tornados. Powerful tornados have lifted and moved objects weighing more than 300 tons a distance of thirty feet and have tossed homes greater than 300 feet way from there foundations. On April 3, 1974 one hundred forty-eight tornados in thirteen states killed 315 people. This was the largest recorded tornado event in history. The path of a single tornado can be dozens of miles long, but tornados rarely last longer than thirty minutes. Effects Effects of tornados can encompass everything from crop and property damage and destruction to power outages and environmental degradation to death and injury. Property Damage: Tornados have been known to cause every type of physical property damage from breaking windows to turning over cars to tearing off roofs to completely demolishing houses. Power Outages: High tornado winds have also been known to uproot trees and push them into power lines causing extended blackouts. II. Profile Kentucky is located in the most severe wind zone (ZONE IV 250mph) in the country. This signifies that most of the states are highly vulnerable to tornado weather as seen in the map below Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 47

5 Lincoln Trail Region An idea of the magnitude, damage, and effects of the different classes of tornados that have touched down in Kentucky can be derived from profiles of past occurrences. Tornados are somewhat common throughout the state of Kentucky and have occurred in every month of the year. The occurrence of a tornado in Kentucky is predictable in that it is a proven fact that tornados touch down in Kentucky at some point during every year (822 tornados have been reported in Kentucky since 1950, an average of about 14 per year, according to NOAA). In the same instance, the occurrence of a tornado is highly unpredictable in that it is impossible to forecast the exact time and location that it will touch down and the path that it will take Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 48

6 According to the NOAA 822 tornados have touched down in the state of Kentucky since These tornados have caused million dollars worth of property damage and 1.9 million dollars worth of crop damage and have killed 125 people while injuring Of these 822 tornados only three have been categorized in the F5 class, 38 in the F4 class, and 98 in the F3 class putting the predominance in the first three or less severe (F0-F2) categories. Analysis To analyze tornados as a hazard threat to the Lincoln Trail Region historical data was researched. The sources of this information include the National Weather Service, National Climatic Data Center, Kentucky Climatic Data Center, ESRI, FEMA, Kentucky Emergency Management Area III, and LTADD GIS. The following map and tables illustrate a number of the documented tornadic events that have occurred in the Lincoln Trail Region. Note that the general paths are consistent with tornados in this region of the United States. They do affect a widespread region and are not affected in general by geography Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 49

7 The level of impact is evidenced through the number of lives lost or individual injury as well as the estimated property and crop damage based on information reported to the National Climate Data Center. For the original plan data was only available through 2003 and is shown in the tables below in the un-shaded area. Data shaded in green has been incorporated into the update and used to re-evaluate the frequency and level of impact for any significant changes. Throughout the following tables, April 3, 1974 will stand out and is probably the most significant day to remember in our region if not the state in regards to natural hazards and the devastating effects they can have on us all. In what is labeled the worst tornado outbreak in U.S. history, 148 twisters touched down in 13 states, killing 330 people and injuring 5,484. Between the hours of 3:40pm and midnight 26 of those tornados touched down in Kentucky and affected 39 of our 120 counties, killing 77 people and injuring 1,377. Closer to home, within the Lincoln Trail Region a total of 36 of our residents were killed and 353 were injured. The tornado causing the most destruction hit Meade County and had an intensity rating of F5 on the Fujita scale and a path 550 yards wide Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 50

8 County Specific Data Dth: Deaths Mag: Magnitude Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage CrD: Crop Damage Source: S = Sheldus, N = NCDC 8 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Breckinridge County, Kentucky between 1960 and There have been an additional 2 Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Breckinridge 6/28/ , S Breckinridge 5/14/ , S Breckinridge 4/3/ ,500, N Breckinridge 5/30/ , N Breckinridge 6/6/ , N New Bethel 5/18/ , N Cloverport 4/28/ , N Holt 5/8/ N Hardinsburg 6/12/ , N Rosetta 10/18/ , N TOTAL $4,217, $0.00 $4,217, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Breckinridge County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $37, $26,102 Total 15 $64, $237, $16, $46, $5, $295, (through June) 32 $73,218 Combined Total 198 $737,580 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries BRECKINRIDGE $4,955, $101,128 $495, Cloverport $750, $15,306 $750, Hardinsburg $100, $2,041 $100, Irvington $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Frequency Past 20 Frequency Past 50 Frequency BRECKINRIDGE % Cloverport % Hardinsburg % Irvington % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 51

9 BRECKINRIDGE CLOVERPORT ST 992 Legend Tornados ST 105 ST 629 ST 261 ST 144 ST 110 ST 992 ST 629 ST tu ST tu ST ST 105 ST 105 ST 261 ST 105 ST 108 ST 259 ST 2779 ST 105 ST 144 ST 992 ST 261 ST 108 ST 79 ST 259 ST 259 HARDINSBURG tu 60 tu 60 ST 261 ST 79 ST 79 ST 144 ST86 ST 261 ST 1740 ST 110 ST 1616 ST 259 ST 886 ST 144 ST 261 ST 79 ST 79 ST79 ST 259 ST 144 ST 232 ST 86 ST 1401 ST 477 ST 261 ST 2780 ST86 ST 259 ST 477 ST 259 ST 261 ST 333 ST 477 ST 690 ST 333 ST 1401 ST 1073 ST 401 IRVINGTON ST86 ST 2202 ST 333 ST 84 ST 79 ST 690 ST 401 ST333 ST 690 ST 86 ST 1238 ST86 ST 333 ST 2199 Ü ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

10 BRECKINRIDGE - HARDINSBURG ST 259 ST 261 Legend Tornados Meadows Creek tu 60 Hardins Creek 4/3/1974 ST 259 ST 992 tu 60 ST 259 tu 60 tu 60 12/6/2004 ST 1616 tu 60 tu 60 ST 261 Ü Bens Hole Branch Tules Creek 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

11 10 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Grayson County, Kentucky between 1959 and There have been no additional Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location or County Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Grayson 1/21/ , N Grayson 6/28/ , S Grayson 5/7/ ,500, N Grayson 4/30/ , N Grayson 1/24/ N Grayson 5/14/ , S Grayson 4/21/ , N Grayson 4/3/ N Grayson 3/29/ ,500, N Leitchfield 5/23/ ,000, N TOTAL $55,520, $0.00 $55,520, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Grayson County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $50, $36,629 Total 22 $87, $176, $12, $28, $25, $273, (through June) 94 $308,860 Combined Total 335 $913,152 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries GRAYSON $56,433, $1,128,664 $5,643, Caneyville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Clarkson $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Leitchfield $50,000, $1,000,000 $50,000, S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 GRAYSON % Caneyville % Clarkson % Leitchfield % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 52

12 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment tu CLARKSON LEITCHFIELD CANEYVILLE tu Ü Legend Tornados GRAYSON

13 4/3/1974 Legend Tornados /21/ Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment tu Ü GRAYSON - CANEYVILLE

14 Legend Tornados /29/ tu Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 5/23/ Ü GRAYSON - CLARKSON

15 Legend Tornados /23/ /3/ Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment tu 62 tu tu Ü GRAYSON - LEITCHFIELD

16 16 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Hardin County, Kentucky between 1960 and There have been 4 additional Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Hardin 6/28/ , S Hardin 4/30/ , N Hardin 1/24/ , N Hardin 5/14/ , S Hardin 4/21/ , S Hardin 3/29/ , N Hardin 4/3/ , N Hardin 10/1/ , N Hardin 3/12/ , N Hardin 7/11/ , N Ft. Knox 5/14/ N Cecilia 5/14/ N Radcliff 5/18/ , N Rineyville 3/28/ ,000, N Radcliff 4/28/ , N Rineyville 5/11/ ,000, N Cecilia 1/2/ ,000, N Flint Hill 5/2/ N Franklin Crossroads 2/6/ ,000, N Tunnel Hill 2/6/ , N TOTAL $9,895, $0.00 $9,895, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Hardin County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $154, $482,146 Total 73 $636, $694, $76, $617, $144, $2,882, (through June) 408 $960,612 Combined Total 1616 $6,013, Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 53

17 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries HARDIN $15,908, $324,668 $795, Elizabethtown $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Radcliff $650, $13,265 $325, Sonora $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Upton $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Vine Grove $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na West Point $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 HARDIN % Elizabethtown % Radcliff % Sonora % Upton % Vine Grove % West Point % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 54

18 HARDIN Legend Tornados WEST POINT Fort Knox RADCLIFF ST 84 ST 920 Ü ST 86 ST 84 ST 920 ST 920 ST 220 ST 1600 ST ST ST 2213 ST 2213 ST 347 ST86 ST 1357 ST 84 ST 920 ST 920 ST 920 ST 1357 ST 86 ST 84 ST 220 tu 62 ST 1375 ST 84 ST 1866 ST 720 ST 1500 ST 224 ST 1391 ST ST ST ST ST 222 ST84 ST 720 ST 2800 ST 720 ST 1646 VINE GROVE ST 144 ST tu ST ST 313 ST 251 ST ST ST ST tu ST ST ST 220 ST ST 1600 tu ST ST ST tu ST ELIZABETHTOWN ST 1357 ST ST ST 253 ST 567 ST86 ST tu tu ST tu ST ST tu ST ST ST ST ST 1135 ST 1868 ST 84 ST84 ST 84 ST 1868 ST ST ST 1921 ST 224 ST 1407 SONORA ST84 65 UPTON tu 62 ST 434 ST 313 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

19 /2 HARDIN - ELIZABETHTOWN ST 220 ST 1600 ST /2/2006 Billy Creek ST 220 ST ST 1357 ST 3005 ST 3005 ST 447 ST 220 ST 2802 ST 2802 ST 447 ST 447 ST 3005 ST ST ST ST 3005 ST 3005 ST /28/1997 ST 1600 tu tu tu ST ST ST tu tu Shaw Creek Vallley Cree k tu 62 ST /3/ Legend Tornados Tornado ST 251 Paths ST 251 ST 251 ST ST86 tu 62 tu 62 Ü ST 3005 ST 3005 ST /6/2008 ST 1904 Vallley Cree k tu 62 tu 62 ST ST ST 210 ST 210 ST61 ST61 ST61 ST 567 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

20 HARDIN - RADCLIFF Mil l Otter Creek ST 1500 ST ST 313 ST 1646 ST /28/2002 ST 1815 ST 313 ST 1646 ST ST 1815 ST 144 ST 1646 ST 1646 ST ST 1986 ST 1646 ST 144 eek Cr Legend Tornados Mill Cree k Fort Knox ST 1500 ST 144 ST 144 ST 144 ST 313 ST 1500 ST 1646 ST 144 ST 1646 ST 1500 ST 391 ST 1500 ST 313 ST 313 ST 313 ST 313 ST 313 ST 434 ST 434 C Otter reek ST 1600 Pawley Cr eek 5/11/2003 ST 220 ST 220 Ü ST 220 ST 220 ST ST /28/ ST 447 1/2/2006 ST 2802 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

21 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment Legend Tornados ST Otter Creek Flippin Creek Otter Creek ST 144 Otter Creek ST 1500 ST 1500 ST 1500 ST 391 ST 391 ST 313 ST 391 ST 144 ST 313 ST 144 ST 144 ST 144 ST ST ST Brushy Fork 4/28/2002 ST 313 Ü ST ST ST 144 ST 313 ST 1646 ST 1646 ST 1500 ST ST 1815 ST 1646 ST 1815 ST 144 ST 313 ST 1646 ST ST 144 ST 144 ST 1646 ST 1646 ST 1500 ST 1646 ST 313 ST 313 HARDIN - VINE GROVE

22 7 Tornado event(s) were recorded in LaRue County, Kentucky between 1952 and There has been 1 additional Tornado recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Larue 3/22/ , N Larue 6/12/ S Larue 5/14/ , S Larue 4/14/ , N Larue 6/11/ , N Magnolia 3/28/ ,000, N Creal 3/28/ , N Talley 1/2/ , N TOTAL $3,904, $15.63 $3,904, Local Insurance Provider Reports for LaRue County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $17, Total 6 $17, $111, $3, $34, $28, $152, (through June) 37 $137,018 Combined Total 132 $485,772 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries LARUE $4,390, $77,019 $548, Hodgenville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 LARUE % Hodgenville % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 55

23 LARUE Legend Tornados ST 583 ST52 ST 52 ST 210 ST 61 ST 2761 ST 1607 ST 1607 ST 2217 ST 1832 ST 1832 ST 2217 ST 470 ST 3204 HODGENVILLE ST ST ST ST ST ST 470 ST ST tu ST ST 470 ST ST ST ST 916 ST 84 ST84 61 ST ST 210 ST 357 ST 2767 ST ST ST ST ST 584 tu ST ST 61 UPTON ST ST ST ST ST ST 470 ST 357 tu 224 ST 31 ST ST 1079 ST 1079 ST 1832 ST 84 ST 210 ST 1192 ST 462 ST 462 Ü Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

24 LARUE - HODGENVILLE ST 210 Legend ST 210 ST 1607 Castleman Creek ST 2217 Tornados North Fork Nolin River ST61 ST 61 ST 3204 ST 1607 ST 210 ST 2217 ST 61 North Fork Nolin River ST 3204 ST 210 ST 61 North Fork Nolin River ST 2426 ST 2426 ST 210 ST 210 McDougal Creek ST 61 ST ST 210 ST 61 ST 61 ST 84 ST 210 ST 84 ST 84 ST 916 ST 61 ST 210 ST 84 ST 61 Ü ST61 ST ST 61 ST 1618 ST 1618 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

25 9 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Marion County, Kentucky between 1973 and There has been 1 additional Tornado recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Marion 6/28/ , S Marion 4/30/ , N Marion 6/12/ S Marion 3/12/ , S Marion 5/14/ , S Marion 5/25/ , N Marion 10/1/ , N Attilla 3/28/ N Lebanon 11/9/ , N Bradfordsville 10/19/ , N TOTAL $496, $15.63 $496, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Marion County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $2, $4,537 Total 4 $7, $25, $9, $9, $12, $55, (through June) 47 $94,911 Combined Total 102 $214,171 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries MARION $710, $14,507 $71, Bradfordsville $100, $2,041 $100, Lebanon $100, $2,041 $100, Loretto $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Raywick $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 MARION % Bradfordsville % Lebanon % Loretto % Raywick % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 56

26 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment ST 84 ST 49 ST 457 ST52 ST 527 ST 527 ST 49 ST 527 ST 84 ST 52 RAYWICK ST 49 ST 49 ST 152 ST 1183 ST 152 LORETTO ST 84 ST 49 ST 2740 ST 49 ST 412 ST 52 ST84 ST49 ST 327 ST327 ST 426 ST 289 ST 289 ST 634 ST 289 ST 429 ST 2154 ST 55 ST 55 ST 84 ST 49 ST 412 ST 3221 ST 2741 Ü ST 412 tu 68 ST 208 ST 2744 ST 412 ST 208 ST 208 ST49 ST 1404 ST 1157 ST 2758 ST 1195 ST 49 tu 68 tu 68 LEBANON tu 68 ST 49 BRADFORDSVILLE ST49 ST 337 Legend Tornados ST 337 ST 49 ST 243 ST 243 MARION

27 10/19/2007 Legend Tornados ST 337 North Rolling Fork 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment ST 49 Ü ST 49 MARION - BRADFORDSVILLE

28 Legend Tornados ST 429 ST 2154 ST 55 ST 55 Cartwright Creek ST Cissels Creek ST49 ST 2154 ST 1195 ST ST ST55 ST 55 tu 68 tu Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment tu 68 ST 426 ST 84 Hardins Creek tu 68 ST 2154 ST49 10/1/1977 ST 208 Graham Branch ST 208 tu 68 ST49 Indian Lick Creek ST 55 Hardins Creek ST 3221 tu 68 ST 49 ST 3221 ST 2744 Hood Branch Hardins Creek ST 49 Ü /9/2000 Caney Creek MARION - LEBANON

29 7 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Meade County, Kentucky between 1960 and There have been 2 additional Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Meade 6/28/ , S Meade 5/14/ , S Meade 4/3/ ,500, N Meade 6/13/ , N Meade 7/18/ , N Ekron 5/5/ , N Guston 4/28/ N Flaherty 10/18/ , N Sirocco 2/5/ ,000, N TOTAL $5,087, $0.00 $5,087, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Meade County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $21, $4,186 Total 8 $25, $132, $8, $22, $69, $680, (through June) 21 $63,236 Combined Total 237 $1,002,644 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries MEADE $6,090, $124,292 $676, Brandenburg $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Ekron $500, $10,204 $500, Muldraugh $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 MEADE % Brandenburg % Ekron % Muldraugh % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 57

30 Legend Tornados Fort Knox Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment Ü BRANDENBURG EKRON tu tu MULDRAUGH MEADE

31 Ohio River Legend Tornados Ohio River Flippins Run Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 79 Ü /5/ /3/ MEADE - BRANDENBURG

32 11 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Nelson County, Kentucky between 1960 and There have been 2 additional Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Nelson 6/28/ , S Nelson 4/30/ , N Nelson 6/12/ S Nelson 5/14/ , S Nelson 5/8/ , N Nelson 4/14/ , S Nelson 8/25/ , N Nelson 4/3/ , N Nelson 3/10/ , N Nelson 3/12/ , N Bardstown 3/28/ , N Nelsonville 2/6/ , , N Woodlawn 2/6/ , N TOTAL $722, $100, $822, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Nelson County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $22, $47,571 Total 23 $70, $100, $23, $85, $48, $470, (through June) 106 $411,676 Combined Total 301 $1,211,245 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries NELSON $2,033, $41,510 $156, Bardstown $50, $1,020 $50, Bloomfield $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Fairfield $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na New Haven $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 NELSON % Bardstown % Bloomfield % Fairfield % New Haven % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 58

33 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment Legend Tornados BLOOMFIELD tu 62 tu 62 NEW HAVEN tu 62 tu tu tu Ü FAIRFIELD 605 BARDSTOWN tu tu NELSON

34 Legend Tornados tu /28/ tu Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment tu 62 tu 62 Beech Fork Beech Fork Rowan Creek tu tu Ü tu NELSON - BARDSTOWN

35 NELSON - NEW HAVEN Legend Tornados ST 52 Rolling Fork Ü Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

36 9 Tornado event(s) were recorded in Washington County, Kentucky between 1960 and There have been 2 additional Tornados recorded from 2003 through Location Date Dth Inj PrD CrD Source Washington 6/28/ , S Washington 4/30/ , N Washington 6/12/ S Washington 5/14/ , S Willisburg 5/5/ N Springfield 3/1/ , N Willisburg 4/20/ , N St Catherine 11/9/ , N Sharpsville 11/9/ , N Jimtown 2/6/ , N Deep Creek 2/6/ , N TOTAL $210, $15.63 $210, Local Insurance Provider Reports for Washington County Tornado Related Claims Total $ Amount of Claims $3, $6,429 Total 4 $9, $204, $53, $154, $144, $764, (through June) 142 $299,240 Combined Total 424 $1,629,774 S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Injuries WASHINGTON $1,840, $37,551 $167, Mackville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Springfield $15, $306 $15, Willisburg $70, $1,429 $35, S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 WASHINGTON % Mackville % Springfield % Willisburg % Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 59

37 WASHINGTON Legend Tornados ST 605 ST ST ST 1872 ST 1183 tu 150 ST 55 ST 529 ST 1030 ST 1724 ST 1183 ST 1183 ST 152 ST 429 ST 55 ST 458 tu 150 ST 152 ST 55 ST 55 ST 433 ST 433 ST 528 SPRINGFIELD ST 1584 tu 150 ST 528 ST 1404 ST 438 ST 1754 ST 152 ST 2758 ST 555 ST 458 ST 1754 ST 555 ST 458 ST 1754 ST 55 ST 3165 ST 438 ST 1796 ST 555 ST 555 tu 150 ST 1796 ST 555 ST 1754 ST 555 ST 433 ST 1195 ST 53 ST53 WILLISBURG ST 438 ST 152 ST 433 ST 53 ST 152 tu 150 ST 53 ST53 ST 433 ST 1586 ST 390 ST 1586 MACKVILLE ST 152 ST 1586 ST 152 ST 2234 ST 152 ST 442 ST 1920 ST 442 Ü Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment

38 11/9/2000 Road Run ST 55 Shay Branch ST 528 ST 555 Legend Tornados ST 528 ST 555 ST 55 ST 555 ST 1584 tu 150 Haydon Branch ST 3488 tu 150 ST 528 ST 555 Poorhouse Branch tu 150 ST 152 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment ST55 Ü ST Road Run ST 528 tu 150 tu 150 ST 152 ST 1404 tu 150 tu 150 ST 152 tu 150 WASHINGTON - SPRINGFIELD

39 ST 1754 ST 53 Legend Tornados ST 53 Lick Creek Little Rock Run ST 53 ST53 ST Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment ST 53 Ü ST ST 433 4/20/2000 ST 433 WASHINGTON - WILLISBURG

40 Local Stories: April 3, 1974 is probably the most significant day to remember in our region if not the state in regards to natural hazards and the devastating effects they can have on us all. In what is labeled the worst tornado outbreak in U.S. history, 148 twisters touched down in 13 states, killing 330 people and injuring 5,484. Between the hours of 3:40pm and midnight 26 of those tornados touched down in Kentucky and affected 39 of our 120 counties, killing 77 people and injuring 1,377. Closer to home, within the Lincoln Trail Region a total of 36 of our residents were killed and 353 were injured. The tornado causing the most destruction hit Meade County and had an intensity rating of F5 on the Fujita scale and a path 550 yards wide. More than half the homes in Brandenburg (Meade County) were heavily damaged or destroyed. The economic devastation left by this particular event was felt for several years to follow as homes and business were rebuilt while remnants of the physical and emotional devastation for some still remain. Description: Lincoln Trail Counties affected: Meade - Ekron On May 5, 1996 an F1 tornado estimated at around 100 mph embedded in downburst winds moved from just north of Ekron to 3 miles southeast of Brandenburg. 25 residences received damage. 5 mobile homes were completely destroyed. 10 people were injured, 3 serious enough for hospitalization. The damage path due to the straight-line winds was estimated around 5 miles long and 1 mile wide, although the tornado path appeared to be a mile long and 100 yards wide. Estimated Property damage: 500K Description: Lincoln Trail Counties affected: Breckinridge Cloverport On April 28, 2002 the tornado crossed into central Breckinridge County from Perry County, IN. The tornado lifted periodically as it crossed eastern Breckinridge County, and reached the Irvington area around 0325 EST. A 52-year old male was killed in a mobile home in Irvington. Seven people were injured. A few homes were destroyed and numerous homes were damaged. Two homes had their roofs torn off. Numerous trees were uprooted, and many outbuildings were destroyed. The tornado was estimated at F2 intensity, with spots of F3 damage. M52MH Estimated Property damage: 750K Description: Lincoln Trail Counties affected: Grayson - Leitchfield A storm survey was done by NWS personnel on Wednesday May 24, The survey found severe damage to residential and industrial structures. Three vortices combined into a single tornado north of Leitchfield, then moved east to southeast at 40 to 45 mph. The path moved through the northeast and east sections of Leitchfield and beyond. (Path length and width are estimated). The structural damaged evidenced the presence of an F3 tornado, with maximum winds around 175 mph. Houses that were virtually destroyed, but still had parts of their structure remaining above the main floor, were the basis of the F3 evaluation. Severe damage to nearby factories also supported the F3 evaluation. Estimated Property damage: 50M 2010 Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 60

41 Description: Lincoln Trail Counties affected: Hardin - Rineyville On May 11, 2003 a tornado formed southwest of Rineyville near Highway It then skipped across the countryside and reached the town of Rineyville. The tornado then moved about 3 miles northeast of Rineyville and dissipated. It did not appear to be on the ground for the entire duration. Embedded in the tornado path was significant straight line wind damage. An estimated 40 homes were damaged or destroyed. Many of the heavily damaged structures were mobile homes. Estimated Property damage: 1M Description: Lincoln Trail Counties affected: LaRue - Magnolia On March 28, 1997 a 40-year old man was killed as an F3 tornado with winds estimated at 175 mph touched down near Bonnieville in Hart County and moved northeast 9 miles to the town of Magnolia in LaRue County before lifting. The deceased man was killed in his house in Hammonville as the house was blown 50 yards away from its foundation. A few other poorly secured homes were lifted clean off their foundations as well. Most of the injured were hurt when the tornado crossed I-65 at exit 71 causing several accidents. In Hart county, 14 people were injured in addition to the 1 death. 32 houses and 8 mobile homes were heavily damaged or destroyed most in Bonnieville. DES officials estimate total damage at 1.4 million dollars. In LaRue County, 22 houses and 20 barns were heavily damaged or destroyed with most of the damage in Magnolia. DES officials estimated total damage around 3 million dollars half of which was damage to a dairy farm. The farmer lost 80 cattle as as the barn collapsed on them. One man lost a restored model-t that he was used in car shows and exhibits. The only injury was to a Deputy Sheriff who rode out the storm in his cruiser. He badly bruised his hand and said he witnessed a near-by uninhabited car thrown more than 20 feet overtop of his cruiser. Estimated Property damage: 3M note: available reporting period for the NCDC is from 1950 to present, however in several instances data from the counties in the Lincoln Trail region was not available for the entire reporting period Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 61

42 Summary of Tornados in the Lincoln Trail Region Tornados do not adhere to geographic boundaries and have affected each of our eight counties in the Lincoln Trail Region, several reaching a magnitude of F3 or higher. The tables below outline the history of tornados that have been recorded in a given county/jurisdiction within the Lincoln Trail Region since The level of impact is evidenced through the number of lives lost or individual injury as well as the estimated economic loss. S Total Cost Number Events Number Total Loss of Life Total Injuries Cost Cost Loss of Life Loss of Life Injuries Source: National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA & National Weather Service, various ranges ; SHELDUS Data Base, Hazard Research Lab, University of South Carolina, Dates ; Cumulative reports of claims filed from various insurance providers. The total values may not match other compilations of this data within the report. All data is compiled at the county level due to extremely limited city specific data, therefore all data and analysis represents incorporated and unincorporated areas inclusively. Injuries BRECKINRIDGE $4,955, $101,128 $495, Cloverport $750, $15,306 $750, Hardinsburg $100, $2,041 $100, Irvington $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na GRAYSON $56,433, $1,128,664 $5,643, Caneyville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Clarkson $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Leitchfield $50,000, $1,000,000 $50,000, HARDIN $15,908, $324,668 $795, Elizabethtown $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Radcliff $650, $13,265 $325, Sonora $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Upton $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Vine Grove $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na West Point $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na LARUE $4,390, $77,019 $548, Hodgenville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na MARION $710, $14,507 $71, Bradfordsville $100, $2,041 $100, Lebanon $100, $2,041 $100, Loretto $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Raywick $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na MEADE $6,090, $124,292 $676, Brandenburg $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Ekron $500, $10,204 $500, Muldraugh $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na NELSON $2,033, $41,510 $156, Bardstown $50, $1,020 $50, Bloomfield $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Fairfield $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na New Haven $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na WASHINGTON $1,840, $37,551 $167, Mackville $ $0 na 0.00 na 0.00 na Springfield $15, $306 $15, Willisburg $70, $1,429 $35, LTADD $92,362, $1,842,642 $1,014, Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 62

43 S 1 in Past 10 Past 20 Past 50 Recurrence Interval (years) Frequency % chance/year Past 10 Past 20 Frequency Past 50 Frequency BRECKINRIDGE % Cloverport % Hardinsburg % Irvington % GRAYSON % Caneyville % Clarkson % Leitchfield % HARDIN % Elizabethtown % Radcliff % Sonora % Upton % Vine Grove % West Point % LARUE % Hodgenville % MARION % Bradfordsville % Lebanon % Loretto % Raywick % MEADE % Brandenburg % Ekron % Muldraugh % NELSON % Bardstown % Bloomfield % Fairfield % New Haven % WASHINGTON % Mackville % Springfield % Willisburg % LTADD % NOTE: The historic frequency of a hazard event over a given period of time determines the historic recurrence interval. For example: If there have been 10 Thunderstorm events in the County in the past 5 years, statistically you could expect that there will be 2 events a year. Realize that from a statistical standpoint, there are several variables to consider. 1) Accurate hazard history data and collection are crucial to an accurate recurrence interval and frequency. 2) Data collection and accuracy has been much better in the past years (NCDC weather records). 3) It is important to include all significant recorded hazard events which will include periodic updates to this table. By updating and reviewing this table over time, it may be possible to see if certain types of hazard events are increasing in the past years. These values should be considered low. More events that have occurred than are documented by the sources used in this table. All data is compiled at the county level due to extremely limited city specific data, therefore all data and analysis represents incorporated and unincorporated areas inclusively Update - Section 3.3 Risk Assessment 63