I. Write the scientific term:-

Transcription

1 I. Write the scientific term:- Unit (1) Lesson (1): Chemical combination 1-They are elements which have less than 4 electrons in the outer most energy level. (metals) 2- They are elements which have more than 4 electrons in the outer most energy level.(non metals) 3- It is the atom which loses an electron or more during the chemical reaction. (positive ion) 4- It is the atom which gains an electron or more during the chemical reaction. (negative ion) 5- It is the atom which loses or gains an electron or more during the chemical reaction. (ion) 6- They are elements in which the outermost levels of their atoms are full with electrons. (Nobel gases) 7- It is a bond produced from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion (ionic bond) 8- It is a bond formed between nonmetallic atoms by sharing electrons to complete their outermost energy level. (covalent bond) 9- It is number of electrons that lost or gained or shared by an atom during chemical reactions. (valency) II. Complete: 1- The number of known elements is 119 elements. 2-All metals are solids.. except mercury.which is liquid. 3-The only liquid non- metal is bromine. 4--Sodium atom (11Na) contains 11 electrons while its ion contains 10.electrons. 5- ionic bond.bond is formed between a metal and a non- metal while covalent.bond is between non- metals. 6-Metals have less than electrons in their outermost shell.

2 7- metals..are good conductors for heat and electricity. 8- Atoms of... metals... tend to lose an electron or more during the chemical reaction and change into... positive... ion. 9-. aluminum and... iron... atoms are examples of metal atoms. 10- The positive ion carries a number of positive charges... more than... the number of given electrons. 11- During the chemical reaction, sodium atom ( 11 Na)... lose... one electron and changes into... positive ion. 12-The number of electrons in the outermost shell of magnesium Mg atom is 2, while that of magnesium ion is An atom that lost an electron or more during chemical reaction is called positive ion 14- Non-metals have... more... than 4 electrons in their outermost shell. 15- All non-metals are.. bad... conductors for electricity except carbon. which is conductor to electricity. 16- The symbol of oxygen ion is O. 17- Elements of... METALS... are malleable and ductile, while elements of... NON METALS... are not malleable or ductile. 18-The bond in sodium chloride is... ionic... bond, while the bond in water, molecule is covalent.bond. III. Give reasons for. 1-Both sodium ion and oxygen ion have the same number of electrons. Sodium has 11 electrons, during a chemical reaction it loses 1 electron because it is a metal.while oxygen has 8 electrons and during the chemical reaction it gain 8 electrons because it is a non metal 2-The bond in a molecule of magnesium oxide (MgO) is an ionic bond [regarding magnesium (Mg) = 12 and oxygen (O) = 8 ) Bec. Mg loses 2 electrons and becomes positive ion,while O gains 2 electrons and becomes negative ion.

3 3 Ionic bonds produce compounds only not elements, but the covalent bonds produce both types an element or even a compound. Ionic bond occurs due to electric attraction between metals and non metals while covalent bond occurs due to sharing electrons between 2 similar nonmetals atoms or different non metals atoms 4. The number of electrons of an ion differs from that of its atom. Bec. The ion is an atom that loses or gains electrons during chemical reaction. 5. The electric wires are of aluminum. Aluminium is a good conductor of electricity because it is a metal. 6. When an atom gives an electron or more, it becomes a positive ion. Number of positive protons is more than number of negative electrons 7. When an atom gains an electron or more, it becomes a negative ion. Number of negative electrons is more than the number of positive protons 8. Sodium atom ( 11 Na) tends to form a positive ion, while oxygen atom ( 8 O) form negative ion. Sodium is a metal so it loses electron and become positive ion while oxygen is non metal so it gains electrons and become negative ion 9. The number of electrons in the magnesium ion equal the number of electrons in the sodium ion. Bec. Mg12 is a metal which has 2 electrons in its outer most level and will lose them during chemical reaction and also Na11 is metal which will lose 1 electron from its outermost level during chemical reaction 10. The bond in the oxygen molecule is a double covalent bond. Bec each Oxygen atom shares each other with 2 electrons during the chemical reaction IV. Choose the correct answers 1. All the following form positive ions except. ( 11 Na - 17 Cl - 13 Al) 2. The symbol of 13 Al ion is (Al -3 Al +3 Al +2 ) 3. The difference between the atom & its ion is in the number of

4 ( neutrons protons - electrons) 4. The number of electrons in the outermost energy level of 19K ion. (1 8 18) 5. The number of the well known elements are..element. a. 110 b. 119 c Metals are solids except.which is a liquid. a. mercury b, magnesium c. sodium 6...have 1,2, 3 electrons in their outer electron shells. a. Metals b. Non -metals c. Noble element 7. Non metals are bad conductors of electricity except a. Bromine b. Graphite c. Chlorine 8. is an atom gained an electron or more during the chemical reactions. a. Positive ion b. Negative ion c. Neutral atom 9. The ionic bond is a strong electrical attraction bond which occurs between.. a. positive and negative ions b. negative ions only c. positive ions only 10. The types of covalent bonds are.. a. one b. two c. three 11...are not expected to form positive or negative ions in the ordinary conditions. a. Metals b. Non- metals c. Noble gases 12- The outermost shell of a magnesium ion has.electrons. a.10 b.2 c.8 13-In the triple covalent bond, each atom shares with -- (One electron two electrons three electrons four electrons) 14-The bond in sodium chloride molecule is bond. (Single covalent double covalent- ionic triple covalent) 15-All the following are properties of metals except -- (they are good conductors of electricity they are bad conductors of heat they contain 1,2 or 3 electrons in outermost shell)

5 V. A, B & C are letters that represent three elements. You are given their atomic numbers without knowing their names. 11A, 10B & 17C. a. Classify them into metal, non-metal or noble gas. A) METAL B)NOBLE GAS C) NONMETAL b. What s the type of bond in the molecule that consists of 2 atoms of C? covalent bond c. What s the type of bond in the molecule that consists of an atom of A & an atom of C? ionic bond d. Can a bond be formed between element B & element C? Why? NO, because B is a Nobel gas, it s outer most shell is completely filled. Write the electronic configuration for each of the following atoms Then indicate electronic type of type of ion configuration element 11Na 2,8,1 metal positiveion 18Ar 2,8,8 Noble gas 8O 2,6 Non metal Negative ion 12Mg 2,8,2 metal Positive ion 17Cl 2,8,7 Non metal Negative ion 19K 2,8,8,1 metal Positive ion

6 Lesson (2) Chemical compounds I. Write the scientific term:- 1- It is number of electrons that lost or gained or shared by an atom during chemical reactions. (valency) 2-A set of atoms joined together and behave like one atom in chemical reactions, having its own valency and not existed solely. (atomic group) 3- It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule. (chemical formula) 4- Substances that dissociate in water producing positive hydrogen ions (H+). (acid) 5- Substances that dissociate in water producing negative hydroxide ions (OH-). (base) 6- Produced from the combination between oxygen and an element (metal or non -metal). (oxide) 7- Produced from the combination of a positive metal ion (or a positive atomic group) with a negative atomic group or a negative nonmetal ion (except oxygen). (salt) II- Write the chemical formula of the following compounds: 1. Sodium sulphate. { Na 2 So 4 } 2. Nitric acid. { HNO 3 } 3. Calcium bicarbonate. { Ca(HCo3 )2 } 4. Copper sulphate. { CuSO 4 } 5. Silver nitrate. { AgNO 3 } 6. Calcium chloride. { CaCl 2 } 7. Potassium sulphate. { K 2 SO 4 } 8. Sodium hydroxide. { NaOH } 9. Copper nitrate. { Cu (NO 3 ) 2 }

7 10.Sulphuric acid. { H 2 SO 4 } 11.Aluminum oxide. { Al 2 O 3 } 12. Hydrochloric acid. { HCl } III-Give reasons for: 1-Potassium ( 19 K) is monovalent while oxygen ( 8 O) is divalent. Potassium can lose one electron while oxygen can gain 2 electrons during chemical reactions. 2-The valency of nobel gases is zero. Because they don t lose or gain electrons during chemical reactions 3-An oxygen atom joins 2 atoms of sodium to form sodium oxide molecule. bec.sodium is monovalent while oxygen is divalent 4-All acids turn the colour of litmus paper to red while bases turn it to blue. Acids produce positive hydrogen ions while bases produce negative hydroxide ions when they dissociate in water 5-Calcium is divalent, while aluminium is trivalent. Calcium can lose 2 electrons while aluminium can lose 3 electrons during chemical reaction 6-The chemical formula of sodium carbonate is (Na 2 CO 3 ) Sodium is monovalent while carbonate is divalent 7-Aluminium oxide is a metal oxide, while sulphur trioxide is a nonmetal oxide. Because aluminium is metal while sulphur is non metal IV-Choose the correct answers: 1-The chemical formula of Calcium phosphate is a-capo b-ca 3 PO 4 c-ca 2 PO 4 d- Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2-The valency of ( 16 S) sulphur is a- 2 b- 4 c- 2 or 4 d- 2 or 4 or 6 3-Which from the following element is a metal. a-nitrogen b-chlorine c-phosphorus d-copper 4-The atomic group (Carbonate CO 3 ) is.

8 a- monovalent b- divalent c- trivalent d- monovalent & divalent 5- chemical formula of nitric acid is. a- HNO 2 b- HNO b- HNO 3 d- HNO 4 6-The valency of copper in Cu 2 O is ( ) 7. Nitrate & nitrite group are different in. (valency types of atoms number of atoms) 8. HCl acid dissolves in water producing (OH - H + OH + ) 9. The following substances turn litmus paper blue except ( NaOH KOH HBr ) 10. The atomic group that contains the elements which form water is (Carbonate hydroxide nitrate) V- Write the electronic configuration for each of the following atoms Then indicate type of element. type of ion valency 1H metal Positive ion mono 11Na metal Positive ion mono 7N Non metal Negative ion 3 or 5 17Cl nonmetal Negative ion mono 12Mg metal Positive ion di 16S nonmetal Negative ion 2,4,6 18Ar Nobel gas zero 19K metal Positive ion mono 8º nonmetal Negative ion di

9 1- Draw the type of combination for two oxygen atoms to form an oxygen molecule. Double covalent bond 2- How the bond is formed between sodium atom and chlorine atom. The ionic bond is formed due to the electric attraction between sodium positive ion and chlorine negative ion 3- The element that has no ability to form bond is Ar. VI-Identify the type of the following compounds: 1-KOH 2-NaCl 3-MgO 4- H 2 SO 4 5-HBr 6-NH 4 Cl Base, salt, metal oxide, acid, acid, salt VII-Compare between: a. Acids and bases Acid turns litmus paper to red while base turns litmus paper to blue VIII-Give an example: 1- Acid : hydrochloric acid ( HCl) 2- Base : sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) 3- Metal oxide : Magnesium oxide ( MgO) 4- Nonmetal oxide : Carbon dioxide (CaO2) 5- Acidic gas: Nitrogen oxides- Sulphur oxides

10 Lesson (3) Chemical Equations and Reactions I. Choose the correct answers: 1. The bright magnesium ribbon changes into white powder of when it burns in air. (magnesium nitrite magnesium hydroxide magnesium dioxide magnesium oxide ) 2. Ammonia combines with HCl producing of ammonium chloride (white ppt brown fumes white fumes brown ppt) II. Give reasons for: 1. A chemical equation should be balanced. To achieve the law of conservation of matter 2. The mass of magnesium is increased when it is burned. canceled 3. A white cloud is formed when ammonia gas reacts with conc. hydrochloric acid. Bec. Ammonium chloride is formed. 4. A white powder is formed when a magnesium strip burns in air. Bec. Magnesium oxide is formed. 5. Chemical reactions have useful and harmful effects. They have useful effects in many industries, in making medicine and fertilizers. They have harmful effects in producing dangerous gases like carbon oxides,nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides 6. CO 2 gas acts as greenhouse effect. Bec.it absorbs the thermal rays coming from the sun and prevent their returning back. 7. Burning of coal and cellulose fibers has bad effect. Bec. They cause air pollution and lung cancer.

11 8. Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas. Bec. It causes headache,fainting,severe stomachaches and may lead to death. III. write the chemical equation representing the following reactions, then indicate the type of the reaction : 1. Heating magnesium ribbon in air. 2Mg + O 2 2MgO direct combination reaction 2. Burning of carbon in the presence of oxygen. C + O 2 CO 2 direct combination reaction 3. Reaction of ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid. ch NH 3 + HCl ành 4 Cl IV. What happens in each of the following : [explain your answer with balanced symbolic chemical equations if it is possible]. 1. Burning a magnesium ribbon in air. 2Mg + O 2 produced) 2MgO (white powder of magnesium oxide is 2. Putting a glass rod wet with ammonia solution close to the opening of a test tube containing conc. hydrochloric acid. NH3 + HCl conc. chloride is produced) NH4Cl (white fumes of ammonium V. Write the scientific term for each of the following: 1. It's the process in which bonds in reactants are broken and bonds in resultants are formed Chemical reaction 2. It's a set of symbols and chemical formula representing the reactants and the products molecules in the chemical reaction and the conditions of the reaction chemical equation

12 3. The total amount of reactants masses is equal to the total amount of products masses law of conservation of matter VI. The following questions are related to the following equation 2Mg + O 2 2MgO 1. The reactants are Magnesium. & oxygen 2. The product is Magnesium oxide 3. The breaking of the bond in the oxygen molecule gives 2 active oxygen atoms VII. Complete the following equations: 1- C + O CO2 2- NH 3 + HCl --conc---- NH 4 Cl VIII. Mention the harmful effect of the following: 1. Carbon monoxide : headache, stomachache 2. Nitrogen oxides ; affect the nervous system 3. Sulphur oxides : building corrosion 4. Carbon dioxide : green house effect 5. Burning of cellulose fibers. Lung cancer and air pollution

13 Questions on Unit 2 Force & Motion Give a reason for:- 1. Gravity acceleration changes on earth s surface from one place to another. Due to the change in distance from the earth s center. 2. Policemen advice drivers using safety belts in cars and planes. To avoid the passengers being injured due to inertia. 3. We see lightning before hearing thunder. Bec. The speed of light(electromagnetic waves) is faster than that of sound (mechanical waves). 4. We receive the sunlight and we don t hear the sound of solar explosion. Bec. Sound (mechanical waves) doesn t travel through space, while light travels through space. 5. Astronaut can t hear each other voices directly in space. Bec. There is no medium in space and sound needs medium to transfer through. 6. Object s weight changes from one place to another on the earth s surface. Bec. Gravity changes from one place to another on the earth s surface. 7. lubricating and oiling mechanical machines. To decrease the friction force and avoid being damaged. 8. Car tyres are covered with a very coarse substance. To increase the friction force. 9. The car passengers are rushed forward when the moving car stops suddenly.

14 Due to inertia. Compare between and give an example for each:- 1. transitional motion and periodic motion. See school book p mechanical wave and electromagnetic wave. See school book p. 58 What is meant by:- see school book 1. inertia p objects weight.p force. P Friction force p.52 Scientific term: 1. The ability of earth to attract object to its center. Object s weight 2. The effect that may changes the object's phase from rest to motion or vice versa or changes the motion direction. Force 3. An instrument used to change Electric energy into magnetic energy. Electromagnet 4. An instrument used to change Electric energy into mechanical energy. Electric motor 5. An instrument used to change mechanical energy into Electric energy. Electric generator or Dynamo 6. Resistance force produced between the moving body and the touching medium. Friction force 7. Motion that is repeated in equal periods of time. Periodic motion 8. Motion that has initial and final positions. Transitional motion 9. Change of the object position relative to frame of reference. Relative motion 10. Motion in which the object's position is changed relative to a fixed frame of reference. Relative motion What happen in each of the following and why: 1- When the object mass increases (regarding to its weight) The weight increases as the mass is one of the factors affecting weight. 2- We climb a mountain (regarding to the weight of body)

15 The weight decreases as the gravity decreases by going away from the earth s center. 2- We travel from the equator to the 2 poles (regarding to the weight of body). Weight increases as the gravity increases at the poles than the equator. 3- The car stops suddenly. The passengers will move forward due to inertia. 4- The machine is not lubricated. It will be damaged as the friction force increases. 5- We coil a copper wire around an iron nail and connect the two ends to a battery. The iron nail becomes temporary magnet as the electric current has magnetic effect. 6- The car moves suddenly. The passengers will move backward due to inertia. I. Write the uses of each of the following: 1- Friction. a. It prevents feet from slipping on roads during walking b. It lights a match stick c. It helps to stop and start cars motion. 2- Weak nuclear force. a. In scientific researches b. In medicine 3- Strong nuclear force a. In military purposes b. In producing electricity 4- Electromagnet. a. In making electric bells b. In making cranes 5- X-rays a. In detecting the bone fractures. 6- Visible light a. In photographic cameras, data show.

16 7- Infrared a. In making remote sets to control and operate electric sets. 8- Ultraviolet a. In sterilizing the sets of surgical operations. Revision Unit Three I. Write the scientific term for each of the following 1. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas 2. Gas used by plant to make proteins. Nitrogen gas 3. Gas help in burning. Oxygen gas 4. Gas protects us from the harmful rays. Ozone gas 5. The first layer of the internal structure of the earth. Earth s crust 6. Rocks formed from solidification of molten materials. Igneous rocks 7. Rocks formed from solidification of molten materials under the earth crust. Plutonic rocks 8. Rocks formed from solidification of molten materials above the earth s surface. Volcanic rocks 9. Natural solid substance found in the earth crust consists of one minerals or groups of minerals. Rocks 10. Rocks formed from fragmentation, transference and sedimentation. Sedimentary rocks 11. Rocks formed from conversion of igneous or sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks II. Complete: 1. The position of earth from the sun in the solar system is the third. 2. canceled 3. The components of earth's atmosphere are nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, carbondioxide gas, water vapour. 4. The layers of earth are crust, mantle, core. 5. The inner core of earth consists of iron and nickel.

17 6. The outer core of earth consists of molten metals. 7. The shape of earth is flattened at the two poles and indented at the equator. III. Give Reason for: 1- Granite is plutonic igneous rock. Bec. It is formed from the magma inside the earth s crust 2- Basalt is volcanic igneous rock. Bec. It is formed from the lava on the earth s surface. 3- Sandstone and limestone are sedimentary rocks. Bec. They are formed as a result of 3 processes which are fragmentation, transportation and sedimentation. 4- Earth is suitable for life. Bec. It is characterized by having atmosphere, hydrosphere, gravity, suitable air pressure and suitable temperature. 5- Earth has suitable temperature. Bec. It locates in the third position away from the sun. 6- Earth's gravity is very important. Bec. It keeps the earth surrounded by the atmosphere, it allows the steadfastness of the hydrosphere in its position. 7- Earth has suitable hydrosphere. Bec. It represents 71% from the earth s surface. 8- Earth has suitable atmosphere. Bec. It consists of many gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbondioxide which are important for living organisms life. It helps in the burning of meteors and meteorites. It contains ozone layer which protects living organisms from harmful sunrays.