Organic Solar Cells. All Organic solar cell. Dye-sensitized solar cell. Dye. τ inj. τ c. τ r surface states D*/D + V o I 3 D/D.
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1 The 4th U.S.-Korea NanoForum April 26-27, 2007, Honolulu, USA Improvement of Device Efficiency in Conjugated Polymer/Fullerene NanoComposite Solar Cells School of Semiconductor & Chemical Engineering * Chonbuk National University, Korea Soo-Hyoung Lee S * S * * Organic Organic Optoelectronic Optoelectronic Materials Materials Lab Lab // Chonbuk Chonbuk National National University University
2 Organic Solar Cells All Organic solar cell Dye-sensitized solar cell LUMO e e LUMO h + Anode HOMO HOMO Electron Electron Donor Acceptor Cathode τ inj Substrate Cathode Electron Acceptor Electron Donor Anode CB VB τ c c τ r surface states TiO 2 Dye D*/D + D/D + V o c I 3 /I
3 All organic solar cells Type of Active Layer Material Structure Cathode Low Molecules D/A Heterojunction Electron Acceptor Electron Donor Substrate Anode e e Double Active Layer LUMO LUMO Polymers D/A Bulk Heterojunction Anode h + HOMO Electron Donor (p) HOMO Electron Acceptor (n) Cathode Single Active Layer
4 Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cell Host matrix morphology effect Eff = mw / cm 2 Sean E. Shaheen, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 841 (2001) Toluene Chlorobenzene
5 Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cell w/o Annealing 70 o C 150 o C ITO / PEDOT / P3HT:PCBM / Al Eff = 5 80 mw / cm 2 (Annealing after Al deposition 150 o C for 30 mins) Heeger et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 15, 1617 (2005)
6 Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cell Total thickness of active layer : < nm D/A Bulk Heterojunction (Single layer) Maximum Efficiency: ~ 5 % Nano-composited interpenentrating network (IPN) structure Photoinduced charge generation in a 3D-network interfaces D/A Bulk-heterojuction (BHJ): Electron-donor (p-type): conjugated polymers Electron-acceptor (n-type): fullerene (derivatives) LUMO e e LUMO Electron transfer from Polymer to C 60 occurs in a pico-second (<10-12 ) Anode h + HOMO Electron Donor (p) HOMO Electron Acceptor (n) Cathode
7 D/A Bulk Heterojunction Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cell How to make efficiency improvements? p-type n-type Nano-composited IPN structure High EFF Materials Bandgap (Eg) HOMO & LUMO Crystallinity ETC High J sc V oc FF Mechanism High Absorption Separation Transportation Devices Structure Treatment Additives ETC Anode p-type Interface control of organic/metal n-type Cathode Effective charge transportiation / collection
8 Approach # 1 Efficient solar cells with interlayer D/A Bulk Heterojunction Interlayer (~10 nm): blocking of electron & exciton from active layer 2.97 p-type n-type p-type 4.2 Al Active ITO 5.2 PEDOT 5.33 MDMO-PPV n-type 6.1 PEDOT:PSS Interlayer PCBM O O S + O S O SO 3 -
9 Approach # 1 Efficient solar cells with interlayer Dark Current(mA/cm 2 ) Photo without interlayer with interlayer Bias (V) without interlayer with interlayer Voc(V) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF EFF(%)
10 Approach # 2 Use of Triplet (Phosphorescence) Organic Materials Conventional polymer-fullerene organic solar cell (PPV-PCBM system) + SM Red-Dopant MDMO PPV : p-type material PCBM : n-type material Red-Dopant : absorber & ET (long lifetime) Al Red-Dopant (Phosphorescence) ITO 5.2 PEDOT 5.33 MDMO-PPV 6.1 PCBM
11 Approach # 2 Use of Triplet (Phosphorescence) Organic Materials Power-conversion efficiency Light absorption Thickness of organic layer Exciton diffusion length (10-30 organic) Exciton diffusion length = Mobility Lifetime Triplet (phosporescence) organic materials have long exciton lifetime µs (fluorescence material: ns) w/o RD w/ RD -2 -Singlet -Triplet e - Al Al -3 ISC -4 hν - - ITO ITO -5 MDMO-PPV PCBM Red Dopant -6eV ITO MDMO -PPV Red Dopant PCBM Al
12 Approach # 2 Use of Triplet (Phosphorescence) Organic Materials Energy Transfer in PL measurement (MDMO-PPV & Red Dopant) Photocurrent generation (MDMO-PPV & Red Dopant) PL intensity (A.U.)) MDMO-PPV Red Dopant PPV + RD 5% PPV + RD 10% PPV + RD 15% Photocurrent (arb, unit) 3x MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2) MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2):TER002(10%) MDMO-PPV:PCBM:R-Dopant Wavelength(nm) Wavelength (nm)
13 Approach # 2 Use of Triplet (Phosphorescence) Organic Materials Device Performances ITO/ PEDT:PSS/ MDMO-PPV : PCBM/ LiF/ Al ITO/ PEDT:PSS/ MDMO-PPV : PCBM : R-Dopant / LiF/ Al nm MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2) MDMO-PPV:PCBM:R-Dopant MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2):R-Dopant(10%) mW/cm2 MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2) MDMO-PPV:PCBM:R-Dopant MDMO-PPV:PCBM(1:2):R-Dopant(10%) Current (x10-6 A) 20 0 Current (x10-6 A) Voltage (V) Voltage (V)
14 Approach # 2 Use of Triplet (Phosphorescence) Organic Materials Voc (V) Jsc(mA/cm 2 ) FF EFF(%) IPCE(%) ITO/ PEDT:PSS/ MDMO-PPV : PCBM/ LiF/ Al 480nm(2.4mW/cm 2 ) mW/cm ITO/ PEDT:PSS/ MDMO-PPV : PCBM : R-Dopant / LiF/ Al 480nm(2.4mW/cm 2 ) mW/cm
15 More Questions or Discussion? Welcome!! Chonbuk National University Thank you!! Soo-Hyoung Lee, Ph.D. Professor School of Semiconductor & Chemical Engineering Chonbuk National University Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, , Korea / (Phone) (Fax) shlee66@chonbuk.ac.kr
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