Non Sibi High School

Transcription

1 Non Sibi High School Andover s Chem 300: Accelerated/Honors Chemistry Chapter 17, Review Quiz 1 Answers 1 A 65 ml sample of HBr gas, measured at 35 C and 722 mmhg, was dissolved in water to yield 275 ml of solution. Calculate the molarity of hydrogen ion, the molarity of hydroxide ion, ph, and poh in this solution. n = HBr = strong acid: atm L atm mol K [HBr] i = 1000 L ( ) K = mol HBr mol L = M R) HBr(aq) H + (aq) + Br (aq) I) C) E) [H + ] = M [OH ] = = M ph = log(0.0089) = 2.05 poh = = A gram sample of strontium hydroxide was dissolved in water to create 58 ml of solution. Calculate the molarity of hydroxide ion, the molarity of hydrogen ion, poh, and ph in this solution. ( ) 1 mol g = mol Sr(OH) g 1

2 Sr(OH) 2 = strong base: [Sr(OH) 2 ] i = mol L = M R) Sr(OH) 2 (aq) Sr 2+ (aq) + 2OH (aq) I) C) (0.012) E) [OH ] = M [H + ] = = M poh = log(0.024) = 1.62 ph = = Write the acid ionization equation and calculate the ph and percent ionization of 0.63 M hypobromous acid, HBrO (K a = ). R) HBrO(aq) H + (aq) + BrO (aq) I) E) x x x % ionization = K a = = (0 < x < 0.63) x x x = M = [H + ] ph = log( ) = % = % 2

3 4 A 0.85 M lactic acid solution has a ph of Write the acid ionization equation and calculate K a for lactic acid, HC 3 H 5 O 3. R) HC 3 H 5 O 3 (aq) H + (aq) + C 3 H 5 O 3 (aq) I) E) x x x 5 [H + ] = = M = x K a = (0.011) 2 = ( ) A M solution of propanoic acid is 2.7% ionized. Write the acid ionization equation and calculate the ph of the solution and K a for propanoic acid, HC 3 H 5 O 2. R) HC 3 H 5 O 2 (aq) H + (aq) + C 3 H 5 O 2 (aq) I) E) x x x 6 K a = x 100% = 2.7% x = M = [H + ] ph = log( ) = 3.34 ( ) 2 ( = ) A cyanic acid, HCNO, solution has a ph of Given that K a = for cyanic acid, write the acid ionization equation and calculate the initial molarity of the cyanic acid solution. R) HCNO(aq) H + (aq) + CNO (aq) I) M i 0 0 E) M i - x x x 3

4 [H + ] = = M = x K a = = (0.0056)2 (Mi ) M i = M 7 Write the stepwise acid ionization equations and calculate the ph of 0.23 M selenous acid, H 2 SeO 3, which has the following acid ionization constants: Ka 1 = st ionization: Ka 2 = R) H 2 SeO 3 (aq) H + (aq) + HSeO 3 (aq) I) E) x x x 2nd ionization: Ka 1 = x 2 = 0.23 x (0 < x < 0.23) x = M = [H + ] ph = log(0.022) = 1.66 HSeO 3 (aq) H + (aq) + SeO 3 2 (aq) 8 Identify the Bronsted acids and bases in the forward and reverse directions for the reaction below: H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq) + HC 3 H 2 O 4 (aq) HC 6 H 5 O 7 2 (aq) + H 2 C 3 H 2 O 4 (aq) forward reaction: Bronsted acid = H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 (donates proton), Bronsted base = HC 3 H 2 O 4 (accepts proton) reverse reaction: Bronsted acid = H 2 C 3 H 2 O 4, Bronsted base = HC 6 H 5 O 7 2 4

5 9 Write the formula for: a. the conjugate acid of HC 2 O 4 b. the conjugate base of HAsO 4 2 a. conjugate acid = add H + to formula = H 2 C 2 O 4 b. conjugate base = remove H + from formula = AsO Write the base ionization equation and calculate the ph and percent ionization of 0.44 M dimethylamine, (CH 3 ) 2 NH (K b = ). R) (CH 3 ) 2 NH(aq) + H 2 O(l) (CH 3 ) 2 NH + 2 (aq) + OH (aq) I) E) x x x 11 K b = = (0 < x < 0.44) x x x = M = [OH ] poh = log(0.015) = 1.82 ph = = % ionization = % = 3.4% A M codeine solution has a ph of Write the base ionization equation and calculate K b for codeine, C 18 H 21 O 3 N. R) C 18 H 21 O 3 N(aq) + H 2 O(l) C 18 H 21 O 3 NH + (aq) + OH (aq) I) E) x x x poh = = 3.54 [OH ] = = M = x 5

6 ( ) 2 K b = ( = ) 12 A M solution of piperidine is 12% ionized. Write the base ionization equation and calculate the ph of the solution and K b for piperidine, C 5 H 11 N. R) C 5 H 11 N(aq) + H 2 O(l) C 5 H 11 NH + (aq) + OH (aq) I) E) x x x 13 K b = x 100% = 12% x = M = [OH ] poh = log(0.0092) = 2.04 ph = = (0.0092) 2 = ( ) A quinoline, C 9 H 7 N, solution has a ph of Given that K b = for quinoline, write the base ionization equation and calculate the initial molarity of the quinoline solution. R) C 9 H 7 N(aq) + H 2 O(l) C 9 H 7 NH + (aq) + OH (aq) I) M i 0 0 E) M i - x x x poh = = 5.00 [OH ] = = M = x K b = = ( ) 2 (Mi ) M i = 0.16 M 6

7 14 Draw Lewis structures for chloric acid, HClO 3, and selenous acid, H 2 SeO 3. Which is the stronger acid? Give two reasons to justify your answer. 15 Chloric acid is stronger acid because: 1. HClO 3 has more terminal oxygens (3-1 = 2) than H 2 SeO 3 (3-2 = 1). 2. Electronegativity for central atom Cl is higher than for central atom Se. Which of the two acids shown below is the stronger acid? Give two reasons to justify your answer. 16 The acid on the right is stronger because: 1. Electronegativity of F is higher than Cl. 2. F is closer to ionizable proton than Cl. Predict whether a solution of each compound below will be acidic, basic, or neutral. For solutions that are not neutral, show all relevant hydrolysis reactions that affect the ph and also calculate the equilibrium constant for each reaction you write using information from the following data tables: Acid HCN HIO K a

8 Base (CH 3 ) 3 N NH 3 K b a. (CH 3 ) 3 NHCl [composed of (CH 3 ) 3 NH + and Cl ] b. KCN c. NaI d. NH 4 IO a. Cl = spectator ion (CH 3 ) 3 NH + hydrolyzes as weak acid = solution is acidic: (CH 3 ) 3 NH + (aq) H + (aq) + (CH 3 ) 3 N(aq) K a = b. K + = spectator ion = CN hydrolyzes as a weak base = solution is basic: CN (aq) + H 2 O(l) HCN(aq) + OH (aq) K b = = c. Na + and I = spectator ions = solution is neutral d. Both ions hydrolyze, so we must compare equilibrium constants: NH 4 + (aq) H + (aq) + NH 3 (aq) K a = = IO (aq) + H 2 O(l) HIO(aq) + OH (aq) K b = = K a < K b = solution is basic 8

9 17 For each solution below, show any relevant hydrolysis reactions and calculate the ph. a M C 6 H 5 NH 3 Br [composed of C 6 H 5 NH 3 + and Br ] b. 1.2 M KC 3 H 5 O 3 K b = for C 6 H 5 NH 2 K a = for HC 3 H 5 O 3 a. Br = spectator ion C 6 H 5 NH 3 + hydrolyzes as weak acid: R) C 6 H 5 NH + 3 (aq) H + + C 6 H 5 NH 2 (aq) I) E) x x x K a = = 2.3 x = 0.31 x (0 < x < 0.31) x = M = [H + ] ph = log(0.0027) = 2.57 b. K + = spectator ion C 3 H 5 O 3 hydrolyzes as a weak base: R) C 3 H 5 O 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) HC 3 H 5 O 3 (aq) + OH (aq) I) E) x x x K b = = = x2 1.2 x (0 < x < 1.2) x = M = [OH ] poh = log( ) = 5.04 ph = =

10 18 Predict whether a solution of sodium hydrogen malonate, NaHC 3 H 2 O 4, will be acidic or basic. Show all relevant reactions that affect the ph and also give the value of the equilibrium constant for each reaction you write using some or all of the following information: For malonic acid, H 2 C 3 H 2 O 4, Ka 1 = and Ka 2 = For the hydrogen malonate ion, HC 3 H 2 O 4, K b = Na + = spectator ion weak acid ionization reaction: HC 3 H 2 O 4 (aq) H + (aq) + C 3 H 2 O 4 2 K a for HC 3 H 2 O 4 = Ka 2 for H 2 C 3 H 2 O 4 = weak base hydrolysis reaction: HC 3 H 2 O 4 (aq) + H 2 O(l) H 2 C 3 H 2 O 4 (aq) + OH (aq) K b for HC 3 H 2 O 4 = K a > K b = solution is acidic Will the reaction of P 4 O 10 and water produce H 3 PO 3 or H 3 PO 4? Write a balanced equation for the reaction. The reaction of P 4 O 10 (oxidation number of P = +5) and water will produce H 3 PO 4 (oxidation number of P = +5) rather than H 3 PO 3 (oxidation number of P = +3). The balanced equation will be P 4 O H 2 O 4H 3 PO a. An unknown monoprotic weak acid was found to be 30.60% carbon, 45.16% chlorine, and 3.85% hydrogen by mass, with the remainder being oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of the acid. b. In a separate experiment, 3.75 grams of the acid was dissolved in 45 ml of water and then titrated with M barium hydroxide. The volume of base required to reach the equivalence point was 72.8 ml. Calculate the molar mass and determine the molecular formula of the acid. a. 100% 30.60% C 45.16% Cl 3.85% H = 20.39% O 10

11 Assume one hundred grams of unknown compound: ( ) 1 mol g C = mol C g ( ) 1 mol g I = mol Cl g ( ) 1 mol 3.85 g H = 3.82 mol H g ( ) 1 mol g O = mol O g mol C : mol Cl : mol H : mol O empirical formula = C 2 ClH 3 O b M Ba(OH) M Ba 2+ and M = M OH HA(aq) + OH (aq) H 2 O(l) + A (aq) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 L mol OH 1 mol HA 72.8 ml 1000 ml 1 L 1 mol OH = mol HA 3.75 g M = = 157 g/mol mol M EM = = 2 molecular formula = C 2 ClH 3 O 2 = C 4 Cl 2 H 6 O 2 Since the acid is monoprotic, we can rewrite the molecular formula as HC 4 Cl 2 H 5 O Calculate the initial molarity of a sodium fluoride, NaF, solution that has a ph of 8.17 given that K a = for hydrofluoric acid, HF. Na + =spectator ion, F hydrolyzes as a weak base: 11

12 R) F (aq) + H 2 O(l) HF(aq) + OH (aq) I) M i 0 0 E) M i - x x x K b for F = poh = = 5.83 [OH ] = = M = x = = ( ) 2 (Mi ) M i = 0.15 M 22 Calculate the initial molarity of a C 5 H 5 NHNO 3 [composed of C 5 H 5 NH + and NO 3 ] solution that has a ph of 2.83 given that K b = for C 5 H 5 N. NO 3 =spectator ion, C 5 H 5 NH + hydrolyzes as a weak acid: R) C 5 H 5 NH + (aq) H + (aq) + C 5 H 5 N(aq) I) M i 0 0 E) M i - x x x 23 K a for C 5 H 5 NH + = [H + ] = = M = x = = (0.0015)2 (Mi ) M i = 0.38 M Given that a 0.72 M KIO solution has a ph of 12.24, calculate K a and pk a for HIO. K + =spectator ion, IO hydrolyzes as a weak base: 12

13 R) IO (aq) + H 2 O(l) HIO(aq) + OH (aq) I) E) x x x poh = = 1.76 [OH ] = = M = x K b for IO = K a for HIO = (0.017) 2 = ( ) = pk a for HIO = log( ) = Given that a M C 6 H 15 O 3 NHCl [composed of C 6 H 15 O 3 NH + and Cl ] solution has a ph of 4.48, calculate K b and pk b for C 6 H 15 O 3 N. Cl =spectator ion, C 6 H 15 O 3 NH + hydrolyzes as a weak acid: R) C 6 H 15 O 3 NH + (aq) H + (aq) + C 6 H 15 O 3 N(aq) I) E) x x x 25 K a for C 6 H 15 O 3 NH + = [H + ] = = M = x K b for C 6 H 15 O 3 N = ( ) 2 ( = ) = pk b for C 6 H 15 O 3 N = log( ) = 6.23 For which titration below will the ph be above 7 at the equivalence point? HNO 2 (aq) + NaOH(aq) or HNO 3 (aq) + Sr(OH) 2 (aq)? 13

14 HNO 2 (aq) + NaOH(aq) = weak acid + strong base: ph above 7 at equiv. point HNO 3 (aq) + Sr(OH) 2 (aq) = strong acid + strong base: ph = 7 at equiv. point This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Contact: kcardozo@andover.edu 14