Origin and Evolution of Organic Nomenclature
|
|
- Amie Perry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Origin and Evolution of Organic Nomenclature Downloaded via on October 18, 2018 at 18:08:36 (UTC). See for options on how to legitimately share published articles. Alchemists frequently assigned names to substances with the intent of concealing what they were working on from their fellow workers. This attitude has gradually changed throughout the years, so that chemists now strive to reveal their latest theories or discoveries to others either orally or through the printed medium. To communicate easily with one another, it has been necessary to devise a special language which we call chemical nomenclature (1,2,3,4,5). We expect this nomenclature not only to define a given compound uniquely but to reveal what atoms are present, how the atoms are arranged within the molecule, and chemical relationships with other compounds as well. Chemical nomenclature as we know it today had its beginning when Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier, Berthollet, and Fourcroy published their "Methode de Nomenclature Chimique" in Their chief contributions were to indicate in a name the elements and, so far as possible, the relative proportions of these elements present in a given compound. Names such as alcohol, ether, and succinic acid were included in their recommendations although their primary concern was with inorganic compounds. Organic nomenclature really got its start in the 1830's with Berzelius, Liebig, and Wöhler when names such as benzoyl chloride and ethyl iodide were proposed (6). The first effective consideration of organic nomenclature on an international basis came about in 1889 when an International Commission for the Reform of Chemical Nomenclature was organized. Three years later, 34 of the leading chemists from 9 European countries met and agreed upon what has become known as the Geneva Rules for nomenclature (7). The objective of this group was to provide names suitable for the systematic indexing of aliphatic organic compounds. They introduced the following principles which are still considered to be of primary importance in naming aliphatic compounds: (1) the name of the longest chain is taken as the parent name; (2) the presence of a functional or characteristic group of atoms is indicated by a suffix. They intended to complete the task by developing rules for naming cyclic compounds, but this never came to pass. In 1911 an International Association of Chemical Societies was organized. Nomenclature reform was among the subjects considered by this group, but World War I intervened before any recommendations were 1
2 2 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS made. It is interesting to note that C. I. Istrati of Bucharest, a participant in the Geneva Congress of 1892, published in 1913 what is probably the most extensive treatise (8) on nomenclature ever written (1210 pages). However, this treatise remained hidden from the rest of the world until long after its publication. International cooperation was again initiated in 1920 when the International Union of Chemistry was organized. At its meeting in Brussels the following year, three commissions were appointed for the "reform of chemical nomenclature": one for organic, a second for inorganic, and a third for biological chemistry. Reports of these commissions were published thereafter in the Comptes rendus de V Union Internationale de Chimie. The Organic Commission published its Definitive Report (P), consisting of 68 rules (the so-called Liege Rules), in 1930, and these were supplemented by less extensive reports of the meetings at Lucerne in 1936 and at Rome in World War II interrupted the work of the International Union of Chemistry (IUC) and its commissions once more, and nothing further was done until a meeting was held in London in At that time, the name of the Union was changed to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), and the word "reform" was dropped from the names of its nomenclature commissions. Since 1947, the Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry of IUPAC has, in the main, confined its efforts to codifying sound practices that already exist rather than working on the origination of new nomenclature. Thus, in the IUPAC Rules, acceptable alternative methods have been recognized where, for various reasons, limitation to a single method of nomenclature appears undesirable or unfeasible. Since 1947 the Organic Commission of IUPAC has published the following sets of Definitive Rules (10, 11, 12, 13): Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1949 Nomenclature of Organosilicon Compounds Changes and Additions to the Definitive Report Extended List of Radical Names Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1957 Section A. Hydrocarbons Section B. Fundamental Heterocyclic Systems Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1965 Section C. Characteristic Groups containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Halogen, Sulfur, Selenium, and/or Tellurium. Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1971 Sections A, B, and C (slightly revised)
3 1. Origin and Evolution 3 Today, the path of nomenclature rules from the first proposals to acceptance in definitive form by IUPAC can be a tortuous one, and it must be admitted that the elapsed time for the entire operation can sometimes be painfully long. For a proposal originating in the United States the procedure is as follows: (1) An individual or a group of workers in a particular field of chemistry drafts new or revised rules that seem to fit its needs. Such a group may be made up of experts appointed as an ad hoc subcommittee or an established nomenclature committee, or it may not have any official status at all In either case a formal report presenting the proposed rules and the reasons why they should be adopted for general use is prepared. (2) The original report is submitted for review, revision (if necessary), and approval by an officially recognized committee on nomenclature such as that of one of the divisions of the American Chemical Society. Currently, the Organic, Inorganic, Polymer, Carbohydrate, and Fluorine Divisions have active nomenclature committees. (3) The report is then reviewed by the American Chemical Society's Committee on Nomenclature. (4) After approving the report, the ACS Committee submits it to the ACS Council for official acceptance on behalf of the Society. (5) Concurrently, committees of the National Research Council's Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology may review the report and submit it to IUPAC with their comments and recommendations. Alternatively, the report may be submitted to an IUPAC Commission directly, without review by an NRC Committee. (6) The appropriate IUPAC Commission considers the report and its? proposals along with any others on the same subject submitted rom other sources. Factors such as past and current usage, adaptability to other languages, and the overall potential utility of the proposed rules are considered. Note is also taken of any relevant actions by other nomenclature committees. (7) The IUPAC Commission then submits its recommendations to the IUPAC Council for official adoption and publication. It has been found that the time span between Step 1 and Step 7 can be reduced greatly and the quality of new nomenclature rules improved if simultaneous attacks are made on the problem from all possible points of
4 4 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS view. This can be accomplished by inviting experts in the field, irrespective of their nationality, and members of nomenclature committees or commissions at all levels to review progress reports and final reports of the initiating group or subcommittee at appropriate stages in the development of the new rules. On the other hand, premature publication of proposed new nomenclature rules without approval of the appropriate committees not only complicates the process leading to the official adoption of those rules but also leads to confusion among chemists and journal editors as to which kinds of names are considered acceptable for use in published reports of research. Ideally, each IUPAC Commission should be the leader in its particular field of nomenclature and should anticipate the needs of chemists throughout the world. Practically speaking, this is quite impossible. New compounds in new fields are being reported in the literature every day. Thus, the burden of providing acceptable names for these compounds necessarily falls upon research workers and journal editors and upon abstracting services such as Chemical Abstracts. To maintain consistency in its indexing, the latter has published a compilation of its nomenclature rules and practices (14, 15, 16) for the use of its own staff and for the guidance of users. At its own discretion, Chemical Abstracts revises its rules in the light of new IUPAC recommendations as they become available. At the same time, IUPAC depends heavily on Chemical Abstracts, on Beilstein's Handbuch, and on journal editors for guidance when considering new nomenclature recommendations. Although it is easy to point out many imperfections and inconsistencies in today's chemical nomenclature rules, a few words about their advantages and virtues are in order. The language of chemistry is said to involve more terms and to be better ordered than the language of any other scientific discipline. All of this has come about despite the fact that until 1949 relatively few nomenclature rules had been agreed upon internationally. The acceptance and codification of many new or revised rules by the IUPAC commissions and by other leaders in nomenclature such as Chemical Abstracts and the ACS nomenclature committees have done much towards maintaining clear and useful communications among chemists. Continuation of these efforts will ensure that improved means for describing and identifying chemical composition and molecular structure will be available for use in our published scientific literature and indexes, in the classroom, and on the lecture platform. Literature Cited 1. Patterson, A. M., Cross, E. J., in "Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry," 4th
5 1. Origin and Evolution 5 ed., I. Heilbron et al., Eds., Vol. VIII, pp , Longmans, London, ADVAN. CHEM. SER. (1953) Crosland, M.P., "Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry," Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Capell, L. T., Loening, K. L., in "Treatise on Analytical Chemistry," I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving, Eds., Pt. II, Vol. 11, pp. 1-44, Interscience, New York, Loening, K. L., in "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," A. Standen, Ed., 2nd ed., Vol. 14, pp. 1-15, Interscience, New York, v. Liebig, J., Wöhler, F., Ann. Pharm. (1932) 3, Tiemann, F., Ber. (1893) 26, Istrati, C. I., "Studiu Relativ la o Nomenclatura Generala in Chimia Organica," Bucuresti Librariile Soced, Compt. rend. Conf. IUC, 10th, Liege (1930) 57; J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1933) Compt. rend. Conf. IUPAC, 15th, Amsterdam (1949) 127; Compt. rend. Con IUPAC, 16th (1951) 100 (reprints available from Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio 43210). 11. IUPAC, "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Definitive Rules for Section A, Hydrocarbons, and Section B. Fundamental Heterocyclic Systems," Butterworths, London, 1958; J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1960) 82, IUPAC, "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Definitive Rules for Section C. Characteristic Groups Containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Halogen, Sulfur, Selenium, and/or Tellurium," Butterworths, London, 1965; PureAppl.Chem. (1965) IUPAC, "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, SectionsA,B,and C," 3rd ed., The Butterworth Group, London, "The Naming and Indexing of Chemical Compounds from Chemical Abstracts," Chem. Abstr. (1962) 56, 1N, 15. "Selection of Index Names for Chemical Substances," Chem. Abstr. (1972) 76, Index Guide. 16. "Chemical Abstracts Service,Chemical Substance Name Selection Manual for the Ninth Collective Period," Chemical Abstracts, 1972.
At its initial meeting in April 1946 the newly formed Committee on
PREFACE Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on July 20, 2018 at 06:59:57 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. At its initial meeting
More informationResolutions from the Tenth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, 2012, New York*
UNITED NATIONS GROUP OF EXPERTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Twenty-eighth session New York, 28 April 2 May 2014 GEGN/28/9 English Resolutions from the Tenth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of
More informationsystematic nomenclature of organic chemistry a directory to comprehension and application of its basic principles
DOWNLOAD OR READ : SYSTEMATIC NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A DIRECTORY TO COMPREHENSION AND APPLICATION OF ITS BASIC PRINCIPLES PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 systematic nomenclature of organic
More informationOrganic Compounds. The formula of a molecular compound, especially organic compounds, can be written in several different ways
Organic ompounds It s all about the arbon!!! Organic ompounds Molecular compounds can be put into two groups Inorganic compounds: ompounds that do not contain carbon or carbon and hydrogen Examples: SO2
More informationIUPAC Member Countries. 51 National Adhering Organizations (NAOs) 18 Associate National Adhering Organizations (ANAOs)
IUPAC s mission is to advance the worldwide aspects of the chemical sciences and to contribute to the application of chemistry in the service of Mankind. Promotes norms, values, ethics of science Advocates
More informationGreen Chemistry Education
Green Chemistry Education Poster presented at the IUPAC Congress/General Assembly July 2001 GREEN CHEMISTRY IN THE SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT The science of chemistry is central to addressing the problems facing
More informationINSPIRE Monitoring and Reporting Implementing Rule Draft v2.1
INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe INSPIRE Monitoring and Reporting Implementing Rule Draft v2.1 Title INSPIRE Monitoring and Reporting Implementing Rule v2.1 Creator DT Monitoring
More informationDRAFT Application for IUPAC Sponsorship (for CCE Information only)
CCE2010_011.6 DRAFT Application for IUPAC Sponsorship (for CCE Information only) Organizers of a conference, who wish to apply to IUPAC for sponsorship, should supply the information requested in this
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline Slide 2 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of and its compounds. The major sources of carbon are the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas,
More informationReaxys (Beilstein) Assignment. Preliminary Report Due: October 13th Final Report Due: November 17th
Reaxys (Beilstein) Assignment Preliminary Report Due: October 13th Final Report Due: November 17th Reaxys (Beilstein) Assignment Preliminary Report Includes: 1) Your name 2) Your section number 3) Your
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IULTCS/IUC 8:2
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5398-2 IULTCS/IUC 8:2 First edition 2009-01-15 Leather Chemical determination of chromic oxide content Part 2: Quantification by colorimetric determination Cuir Dosage chimique
More informationMSC. ISMAIL M.ALI DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
LECTURE 1 SYLLABUS FOR FIRST CLASS 2013-2014 MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TIKRIT UNIVERSITY MANDATORY CLASS: 1ST ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CH 122 Teaching scheme:
More informationUnit 2.3 Atomic Theory & Periodic Table
Unit 2.3 Atomic Theory & Periodic Table Dalton s Atomic Theory (1804) From his experiments and observations, as well as the work from peers of his time, Dalton proposed a new theory of the atom. This later
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION. Brussels, XXX [ ](2015) XXX draft ANNEX 1 ANNEX
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX [ ](2015) XXX draft ANNEX 1 ANNEX EN EN ANNEX 'ANNEX VIII HARMONISED INFORMATION RELATING TO EMERGENCY HEALTH RESPONSE 1. Application PART A GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1.
More informationOrganic Chemistry - Introduction
It s All About Carbon! Unit 15: Organic Chemistry Lesson 15.1: Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry - Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. Animals, plants, and other forms
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationCHE 400/500 LECTURE NOTES
CHE 400/500 LECTURE NOTES How to Search Printed CA Concepts Covered: CA Indexes Issue Indexes Volume Indexes Collective Indexes Decennial Indexes The CA Index Guide Using CA Volume Indexes Author searches
More informationPROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Volume 11
PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Volume 11 Advisory Board THEODORE L. BROWX UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA, ILLINOIS JAhlES P. COLLMAK STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CALIFORNIA F. ALBERT COTTON M.I.T.,
More informationA guide to expression of uncertainty of measurements QA4EO-QAEO-GEN-DQK-006
A guide to expression of uncertainty of measurements QA4EO-QAEO-GEN-DQK-006 A guide to expression of uncertainty of measurements Author: E-mail: Nigel Fox Nigel.Fox@npl.co.uk Editor: E-mail: Marie-Claire
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19111 Second edition 2007-07-01 Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Information géographique Système de références spatiales par coordonnées Reference number
More informationDiscover New IUPAC Organic Nomenclature with ACD/Name
Discover New IUPAC Organic Nomenclature with ACD/Name Andrey Yerin and all ACD/Labs team developing and supporting nomenclature tools ACS 248th National Meeting San Francisco, USA, August 11, 2014 ACD/Labs
More informationIUPAC SUB-COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. 12 th August 2003 Ottawa
IUPAC SUB-COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 12 th August 2003 Ottawa Present:- J. Corish (Chairman) [II], A.V. Chadwick (Secretary) [II], G.M. Rosenblatt [II], A.R. West [II], L.V. Interrante [II], R.G.
More informationIUPAC Provisional Recommendations
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISION COMMISSION ON NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE NAMING OF NEW ELEMENTS (Provisional IUPAC Recommendations 2001) Prepared
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IULTCS/IUC 19-3
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17226-3 IULTCS/IUC 19-3 First edition 2011-05-15 Leather Chemical determination of formaldehyde content Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde emissions from leather Cuir Dosage
More informationISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT. Nanotechnologies Methodology for the classification and categorization of nanomaterials
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11360 First edition 2010-07-15 Nanotechnologies Methodology for the classification and categorization of nanomaterials Nanotechnologies Méthodologie de classification et catégorisation
More informationPrerequisites: CHEM 1312 and CHEM 1112, or CHEM 1412 General Chemistry II (Lecture and Laboratory)
Course Syllabus CHEM 2423 Organic Chemistry I Revision Date: 8/19/2013 Catalog Description: Fundamental principles of organic chemistry will be studied, including the structure, bonding, properties, and
More informationReport to the IUPAP Council and Commission Chairs meeting. November 5-6, 2010
Report to the IUPAP Council and Commission Chairs meeting. IUPAP-C2 Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Fundamental Constants and Atomic Masses November 5-6, 2010 Recommendation of IUPAP to the
More informationSPECIAL ISSUE IN MEMORY OF LATE PROF. RADHA RAMAN GUPTA
HL ISSN: 2231 3087(print) / 2230 9632 (Online) http://heteroletters.org Vol. 1, special issue, July (2011) SPECIAL ISSUE IN MEMORY OF LATE PROF. RADHA RAMAN GUPTA Professor R. R. Gupta (1941 2008) Great
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8008 Second edition 2005-10-15 Aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium Determination of specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption Oxyde d'aluminium
More informationHYDROCARBONS ALKANES
SCH4U1 OC01 HYDROCARBONS Name: Date: Certain organic compounds contain only two elements - hydrogen and carbon. These are known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are divided into two main classes - aliphatics
More informationINORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS STUDENT SOLUTIONS MANUAL
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS STUDENT SOLUTIONS MANUAL page 1 / 5 page 2 / 5 inorganic chemistry principles and pdf Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic
More informationMolecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding.
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Sigma and Pi Bonds: All single bonds are sigma(σ), that
More informationHard coal and coke Mechanical sampling. Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of sampling, sample preparation and testing
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13909-7 Second edition 016-07-01 Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of sampling, sample preparation and testing Houille et coke
More informationAS/NZS ISO :2015
Australian/New Zealand Standard Geographic information Reference model Part 1: Fundamentals Superseding AS/NZS ISO 19101:2003 AS/NZS ISO 19101.1:2015 (ISO 19101-1:2014, IDT) AS/NZS ISO 19101.1:2015 This
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Soil quality Pretreatment of samples for determination of organic contaminants
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14507 First edition 2003-03-15 Soil quality Pretreatment of samples for determination of organic contaminants Qualité du sol Prétraitement des échantillons pour la détermination
More informationThe Phlogiston Theory
The Phlogiston Theory metal + heat = calx of metal + Ø e.g., zinc = zinc oxide + Ø phlogiston (Ø) is lost calx + charcoal(ø) + heat = metal + (fixed air) phlogiston (Ø) is gained Problem: Georg Ernest
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION. Brussels, XXX D046374/04 [ ](2016) XXX draft ANNEX 1 ANNEX
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX D046374/04 [ ](2016) XXX draft ANNEX 1 ANNEX EN EN ANNEX EN 1 EN ANNEX 'ANNEX VIII HARMONISED INFORMATION RELATING TO EMERGENCY HEALTH RESPONSE AND PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
More informationWIGOS Metadata Standard: Satellite Community Update
WIGOS Metadata Standard: Satellite Community Update IPET-SUP-2 Luís Nunes WIGOS Project Office WMO; OBS/WIGOS Contents The WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) - background The outcomes and actions from the
More informationGlobally Harmonized System Update
OSHA Hosts Public Meeting to Discuss Preparations for December UN Meetings Beveridge & Diamond, P.C., December 7, 2010 On November 30, 2010, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) held
More informationSafety Guidelines for the Chemistry Professional: Understanding Your Role and Responsibilities
Safety Guidelines for the Chemistry Professional: Understanding Your Role and Responsibilities Kenneth P. Fivizzani Committee on Chemical Safety/ Division of Chemical Health & Safety August 22, 2017 Introduction
More informationUsing the Beilstein Handbook
Using the Beilstein Handbook --[QD 251 B422, S&E Reference]-- What is the Beilstein Handbook? Covering the subject of organic chemistry, the Beilstein Handbuch der organischen Chemie (Beilstein Handbook
More informationThe IUPAC Green Book - Units Dictators Source Book?
The IUPAC Green Book - Units Dictators Source Book? Prof. Dr. Jürgen Stohner FRSC ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry CH 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
More informationCOURSE: ADVANCED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS * Type: Basic training, Compulsory Optional Final Project Work, External Practices Duration: Semester Semester / s: 1 Number of ECTS credits: 5 Language: Spanish, Catalán and English
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Part 2: Extension for parametric values
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19111-2 First edition 2009-08-15 Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Part 2: Extension for parametric values Information géographique Système de références
More informationBasic Organic Nomenclature Packet Chemistry Level II
Basic Organic Nomenclature Packet Chemistry Level II Name: Period: Use this packet and your book to answer the questions throughout this packet. Organic Nomenclature - Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes Naming
More information(1) Recall the different types of intermolecular interactions. (2) Look at the structure and determine the correct answer.
MCAT rganic Chemistry - Problem Drill 11: Carboxylic Acids Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. What kinds of interactions are holding together the carboxylic acid dimer shown? Question #01 3 C C 3 (A) Van
More information13.1 Early History of the Periodic Table
www.ck12.org Chapter 13. The Periodic Table 13.1 Early History of the Periodic Table Describe Dobereiner s triad approach to organizing elements. Describe Newland s Law of Octaves. When you go to the library
More informationChapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon has the ability to form long chains. Without this property, large biomolecules such as proteins,
More informationFOR FIVE- AND SIX-MEMBERED RING FORMS OF MONOSACCHARIDES AND
Pure & Appi. Chum., Vol.53, pp.1901 1905. 00334545/81/10190105$02.00/0 Printed in Great Britain. Pergamon Press Ltd INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CEMISTRY and PROVISIONAL INTERNATIONAL UNION
More informationLandolt-Börnstein / New Series
Landolt-Börnstein / New Series Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Units and Fundamental Constants in Physics
More informationProvläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO Second edition
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-4 Second edition 2012-06-01 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22032 First edition 2006-12-15 Water quality Determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment and sewage sludge Method using extraction and gas chromatography/mass
More informationThe Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry By Ball, Hill and Scott Download PDF at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=40 Page 5 Chapter 1 Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement
More informationLab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds
Lab 3: Solubility of rganic Compounds bjectives: - Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. - Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon
More information-SQA- SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION
-SQA- SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION -Unit Number- 3481996 -Superclass- -Title- RD CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -------------------------------
More informationHOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES,
HOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES, WITH SOME REQUIREMENTS 15 March 2016 About this Document This document provides the information needed by those who wish to
More informationIUPAC Young Observers Program
American Chemical Society The ACS International Center and Science and Human Rights Webinar Series present: IUPAC Young Observers Program December 7, 2016 2:00-3:00 p.m. EST global.acs.org www.acs.org/scienceandhumanrights
More informationTurkey National Report
UNITED NATIONS Working Paper GROUP OF EXPERTS ON No. 26 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Twenty-third Session Vienna, 28 March 4 April 2006 Item 5 of the Provisional Agenda: Reports of the division Turkey National Report
More informationChemistry in the Earth System Unit 3 Atoms and Elements
Chemistry in the Earth System Unit 3 Atoms and Elements Background for Teachers and Instructional Suggestions The previous instructional segment examined the thermal interactions of objects by looking
More informationMonday /3/2017. (Lecture No. 3-4 : Alkanes )
Babylon University / Pharmacy Collage Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Monday.. 13-16/3/2017 (Lecture No. 3-4 : Alkanes ) Classification by structure: the family The basis of organic chemistry, we
More informationPlanetary Protection The COSPAR Perspective
Planetary Protection The COSPAR Perspective Lennard A. Fisk President of COSPAR 1 COSPAR COSPAR was chartered by the International Council for Science in 1958 to promote at an international level scientific
More informationChemActivity 2: Lewis Structures
hemactivity 2: Lewis Structures (ow do I draw a legitimate Lewis structure?) Model 1: G.. Lewis ctet Rule In the early part of the last century, a chemist at the University of alifornia at Berkeley named
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Textiles Quantitative chemical analysis Part 1: General principles of testing
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1833-1 First edition 2006-06-01 Textiles Quantitative chemical analysis Part 1: General principles of testing Textiles Analyses chimiques quantitatives Partie 1: Principes généraux
More information8 th Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission Meeting September 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard Norway
8 th Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission Meeting 11-13 September 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard Norway Status Report of the Arctic Regional Marine Spatial Data Infrastructures Working Group (ARMSDIWG)
More informationNomenclature of alkanes
Nomenclature of alkanes methane H 4 ethane propane butane pentane hexane heptane octane nonane decane undecane dodecane Funky groups/alkanes isoisopropyl H isobutane/isobutyl isopentane/isopentyl isohexane/isohexyl
More informationIUPAC Provisional Recommendations
1 IR-1 IR-1.1 IR-1.2 General Aims, Functions and Methods of Chemical omenclature (March 2004) COTETS IR-1.1 Introduction IR-1.2 History of chemical nomenclature IR-1.2.1 International cooperation on inorganic
More information1.4A: Common functional groups in organic compounds
Ashley Robison My Preferences Site Tools FAQ Sign Out If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. ChemWiki BioWiki GeoWiki StatWiki
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 80000-9 First edition 2009-04-01 Quantities and units Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Grandeurs et unités Partie 9: Chimie physique et physique moléculaire Reference
More informationISO 354 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 354 Second edition 2003-05-15 Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room Acoustique Mesurage de l'absorption acoustique en salle réverbérante Reference
More informationFunctional Groups SCH4C
Functional Groups With the huge number of organic compounds in existence, it would be very difficult for you to memorize the properties of each compound separately. Fortunately the compounds fall into
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : CHEMISTRY OF POWDER PRODUCTION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : CHEMISTRY OF POWDER PRODUCTION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 chemistry of powder production chemistry of powder production pdf chemistry of powder production 62 Chemistry World March
More informationHOMOLGOUS SERIES (a family of organic compounds) Can you recall these functional groups from GCSE? C n H 2n+2 C n H 2n C n H 2n+1 OH RCOOH RCOOR
Organic Chemistry Sixth Form Induction 1. To recognise the main functional groups and the chemical bonds they contain. To begin using IUPAC naming of straight chain and branched alkanes. (E) 2. To be describe
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 2 July 2012 E/C.20/2012/10/Add.1 Original: English Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Second session New York, 13-15
More informationUnit 5: Bonding and Inorganic Nomenclature Text Questions from Corwin. 1. How did chemists solve the problem of assigning names to chemical compounds?
Unit 5: Bonding and Inorganic Nomenclature Name: KEY Text Questions from Corwin 1. How did chemists solve the problem of assigning names to chemical compounds? by using a set of systematic rules 2. Who
More informationSchool of Public Service and Health EDMG240 Chemistry of Hazardous Materials 3 Credit Hours 8 weeks Prerequisite(s): None
School of Public Service and Health EDMG240 Chemistry of Hazardous Materials 3 Credit Hours 8 weeks Prerequisite(s): None Instructor Information Course Description Course Scope Course Objectives Course
More informationEconomic and Social Council 2 July 2015
ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION UNITED NATIONS E/C.20/2015/11/Add.1 Economic and Social Council 2 July 2015 Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Fifth session New York, 5-7 August
More information2018/1 The integration of statistical and geospatial information. The Regional Committee of UN-GGIM: Americas:
The following are the conclusions and recommendations of the Regional Committee of the United Nations on Global Geospatial Information Management for the Americas, during its Fifth Session, Thursday 8
More informationCHAPTER 2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
CHAPTER 2 Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules 2-1 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Simple Chemical Processes Chemical thermodynamics: Is concerned with the extent that
More informationChemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes
Chemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes ydrocarbons: a large family of organic compounds and they contain only carbon and hydrogen. ydrocarbons are divided into two groups: 1. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon
More informationINTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS TECHNICAL WORKING PARTY FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND FOREST TREES
E TWO/49/14 Add. ORIGINAL: English DATE: May 31, 2016 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS Geneva TECHNICAL WORKING PARTY FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND FOREST TREES Forty-Ninth
More informationCOMPOUNDS FORM ACCORDING
COMPOUNDS FORM ACCORDING TO A SET OF RULES. Unit B: Matter and Chemical Change Section 3.0 1 3.1 NAMING COMPOUNDS Every compound has a chemical name and a chemical formula: from the shampoo in your bathroom
More informationStandardization of JRC developed Nuclear Mass Spectrometry Methods with ASTM-International
Standardization of JRC developed Nuclear Mass Spectrometry Methods with ASTM-International Revision of ASTM-1672 for the "Total Evaporation" (TE/TIMS) Method with Input from JRC-G.2/METRO Stephan Richter
More informationCHEM 112 Name: (Last) (First). Section No.: VISUALIZING ORGANIC REACTIONS THROUGH USE OF MOLECULAR MODELS
CHEM 112 Name: (Last) (First). Section No.: VISUALIZING ORGANIC REACTIONS THROUGH USE OF MOLECULAR MODELS 1) HYDROCARBONS: a. Saturated Hydrocarbons: Construct a model for propane, C 3 H 8, using black
More informationMontgomery County Community College CHE 122 General Chemistry-Organic (For the Non-Science Major) 4-3-3
Montgomery County Community College CHE 122 General Chemistry-Organic (For the Non-Science Major) 4-3-3 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course emphasizes introductory Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. The examination
More informationInstruments and Methods of Observation Programme
Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme Report of President of CIMO for Fourteenth WMO Congress Dr S.K. Srivastava President of CIMO Geneva, 9 May 2003 Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme
More informationORGANIC - BRUICE 8E CH.3 - AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: INDEX OF HYDROGEN DEFICIENCY (STRUCTURAL) A saturated molecule is any molecule that has the maximum number of hydrogens possible for its chemical structure. The rule that
More informationProvläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO Second edition
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6974-1 Second edition 2012-05-15 Natural gas Determination of composition and associated uncertainty by gas chromatography Part 1: General guidelines and calculation of composition
More informationChapter 12 Structure and Shape
Free Study Guide for Cracolice Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach Second Edition www.brookscole.com/chemistry Chapter 12 Structure and Shape Chapter 12Assignment A: Lewis Diagrams
More informationChapter 2. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. There are three main classes of hydrocarbons, based on the
More informationISO 9277 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption BET method
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9277 Second edition 2010-09-01 Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption BET method Détermination de l'aire massique (surface spécifique) des solides
More informationAromatic Compounds I
2302272 Org Chem II Part I Lecture 1 Aromatic Compounds I Instructor: Dr. Tanatorn Khotavivattana E-mail: tanatorn.k@chula.ac.th Recommended Textbook: Chapter 16 in Organic Chemistry, 8 th Edition, L.
More informationExp #08: ORGANIC MOLECULES Introductory Chemistry
Exp #08: ORGANIC MOLECULES Introductory Chemistry Chem 10 De Anza College Name: Student ID: Goals Explore different ways organic molecules are represented and understood. Distinguish between structural
More informationISO 3071 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Textiles Determination of ph of aqueous extract. Textiles Détermination du ph de l'extrait aqueux
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3071 Third edition 2005-06-15 Textiles Determination of ph of aqueous extract Textiles Détermination du ph de l'extrait aqueux Reference number ISO 2005 PDF disclaimer This PDF
More informationUnit 3- Organic Chemistry
` Unit 3- Organic Chemistry Lesson 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Feb 15 8:58 PM 1 Your First Mission Drawing upon your own chemical knowledge and everyday life, come up with the names of five compounds
More informationSYLLABUS. Departmental Syllabus. General Chemistry. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus
SYLLABUS DATE OF LAST REVIEW: 05/2018 CIP CODE: 24.0101 SEMESTER: COURSE TITLE: COURSE NUMBER: General Chemistry CHEM-0109 CREDIT HOURS: 5 INSTRUCTOR: OFFICE LOCATION: OFFICE HOURS: TELEPHONE: EMAIL: KCKCC-issued
More informationAP CHEMISTRY READING GUIDE
Name: Due Date: AP CHEMISTRY READING GUIDE Chapters 1-3, Chemical Foundations & Stoichiometry Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations Define the following terms in your own words: Scanning Tunneling Microscope
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups
ORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups Important Features of Carbon There are different allotropes (same element, same phase, different
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 2: Methods of preparing coal samples
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7404-2 Second edition 2009-10-01 Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 2: Methods of preparing coal samples Méthodes d'analyse pétrographique des charbons Partie
More informationGeorgia Gwinnett College CHEM 2212 Organic Chemistry II Course Syllabus Summer MTWR, 9-11am, A1640 (class); MTW, pm, A1290 (lab)
Georgia Gwinnett College CHEM 2212 Organic Chemistry II Course Syllabus Summer 2008 Class Meetings: Instructor: Office: E-Mail: Phone Number: Wiki page: MTWR, 9-11am, A1640 (class); MTW, 1.15-4pm, A1290
More information