CHE 400/500 LECTURE NOTES

Transcription

1 CHE 400/500 LECTURE NOTES How to Search Printed CA Concepts Covered: CA Indexes Issue Indexes Volume Indexes Collective Indexes Decennial Indexes The CA Index Guide Using CA Volume Indexes Author searches Searching the General Subject Index - Controlled Vocabulary Searching, See references Chemical Substance Searching (CAS Registry Numbers) Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) Searching for Ring Systems Index of Ring Systems Ring System Handbook 1

2 Components of Printed CA: Indexes Indexing in Print CA Issue Indexes Author Keyword Patent Volume & Collective Indexes Author Chemical Substance General Subject Molecular Formula Patent Important points: The types of indexing available in CA reflect the constraints of print (Note: Many of these quirks are carried over into the electronic versions of CA, including SciFinder.) The indexing available in the weekly issues is that which can be done most quickly The indexing in the Volume and Collective Indexes is more systematic, but still reflects the limitations of print. 2

3 Index Guide Should be the starting point for any search! Provides key to volume indexes Provides synonyms, acronyms, trivial names, trade names, etc. with cross references to actual terms used in indexes A good source of CA Registry numbers for compounds Helpful in determining changes in indexing practices over time Volume Indexes (2 each year) General Subject Index: Includes: classes of chemical substances subject terms (controlled) physical and chemical phenomena reactions chemical technology industrial processes and equipment scientific designations for animals, plants, micro-organisms biological and medical terminology Note: does not include specific substance names 3

4 Chemical Substance Index: Names follow IUPAC as closely as possible Names are inverted and arranged under functional parent compound Parent is chosen to correspond to highest-ranking functional group Arranged in the following hierarchy of functional groups: free radicals cationic compounds neutral coordination compounds, including metallocenes anionic compounds acids in the order of the central atom: C, S, Se, Te, O, P, As, Sb, Si, B acid halides etc. initially in order of acids (above) then for each individual acid: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, azide, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, isocyanide, cyanide amides, in order of the acids (above) nitriles, in order of the acids (above) aldehydes ketones alcohols and phenols hydroperoxides amines imines compounds of N, P, As, Sb, Bi, B, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, O, S, Se, C (Note to 04 C513 inmates: The details of this hierarchy are for your general edification only the important point is that you realize that there is a system to CA s nomenclature madness ) Examples: Benzene, ethenyl-, [ ] (common name: Styrene) Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-, [ ] (common name: Ethylene dibromide) Carbonic acid monosodium salt [ ] (Sodium bicarbonate) 4

5 Volume Indexes (continued) Formula Index Best used to find appropriate chemical substance name Follows Hill System (carbon, then hydrogen, remaining elements in alphabetical order; if the substance contains no carbon, elements are alphabetical. Ex: Sodium chloride is entered as ClNa) Exceptions to Hill System (substance will be indexed under formula from which it is derived): o metal salts of acids are under free acids o metal salts of alcohols are under free alcohols o metal salts of organic bases are under free compounds o molecular addition compounds are under each individual component (not under the total molecular formula) o copolymers are under each monomer o mixtures are under individual components 5

6 Author Index Notes: Abstracts numbers, titles and details are provided under primary author Includes see reference from co-authors Alphabetical by surname and first initial In weekly issues, all authors are listed by last name and initials only. The index gives only the abstract number. Examples: Lipshutz B H t Little R D u Patents have entries for both inventor and assignee; their abstract numbers have P before the number. Examples: Genentech, Inc. P146735s Leong S R P146735s In Volume and Collective Indexes, first authors get both the abstract number and title of the paper listed under their names. Ex: Ford, Peter Campbell Quantitative mechanistic studies of the photoreactions of a The author name is not necessarily the form used in the article, but may be a standardized form of the name 6

7 Other authors are cross-referenced to the first author of the document. Examples: Lange, Frederick Fouse See Miller, Kelly T.; Sudre, Olivier Even though CA tries to pull all of an author's works under one name, it cannot always distinguish authors with the same initials, so it alphabetizes by last name and initials, even where the full name is spelled out! Examples: Ellis, A. Ellis, Arthur Baron Ellis, A. D. Ellis, Anthony Ewart Ellis, Avery K. Ellis, Andrew Michael Ellis, Albert T. Spelling of Author Names: Be aware of special rules for handling certain names. Names with "Mc" or umlauted letters or transliteration from non-roman alphabets can be tricky. Chinese surnames can appear to be first names. Examples: Mössbauer, R. is usually listed as Moessbauer, R. Lin Wu Tan is usually listed as Lin, W. T. ************************************************************* 7

8 Patent Index The Patent Index is arranged by country code and patent number Ex: JP Chemical Abstracts only indexes the first version of each patent it receives; however, the patent index gives crossreferences from later, equivalent patents (the same invention by the same inventor, patented in a different national or international patent office) When searching for an equivalent patent, start at the year of issue of the known patent reference and work forward until you find the equivalent or run out of indexes. ************************************************************* (To 04 C513 Inmates: We got to this point in class today; I will cover the following three items on 12 February) 8

9 CAS Registry Service: CAS Registry Numbers (RN s) Started to track chemical substances for CAS internal files; now the standard method for uniquely identifying chemicals, used as an indexing tool by governments & industry worldwide All substances indexed by CAS get RN's, plus substances submitted by outside firms or agencies Every chemically distinct substance gets its own Registry Number, including stereoisomers, isotopically labeled substances, mixtures, etc. Registry Numbers are of the form: xxxxxx-xx-x The number of digits in the first group may vary, but the second and third groups are always two digits and one digit The Registry Number has no chemical meaning; you can't tell from the RN what kind of compound it refers to 9

10 Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) (ONLINE!) Lists all periodicals ever indexed by CAS Lists many pre-1907 sources, such as those appearing in Beilstein Available in print or on CD-ROM (look under CASSI in THOR INDEXES) Periodicals are listed in alphabetical order by their abbreviations -- the name appears in full, with the abbreviated portion in boldface Listings include language information, starting dates and current volume numbers, cross-references to changed titles or translations and holdings information. 10

11 Index of Ring Systems Provides ring analysis which includes: o number of component rings o ring size (number of atoms comprising ring) o elemental analysis of the component rings (excluding hydrogen) o used to obtain CA Index Name to use in Chemical Substance Index 11