1. Fill in the blanks with the following: kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal. One word will be used twice.
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1 Thermo Worksheets Name Class Period Types of Energy and the Law of Conservation of Energy 1. Fill in the blanks with the following: kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal. One word will be used twice. Solar energy from the sun is converted to energy during photosynthesis as the plant makes glucose from carbon dioxide and water. energy, which is stored in the chemical bonds, is a type of energy. When we eat the plants, the energy can be transformed into energy to keep us warm or energy to help us move. 2. Use the diagram to help determine whether heat is being transferred through conduction, convection or radiation. Heat from the hot air to the cold air. Heat from the sun to the house and person. Heat from the wall of the house to the person. Energy Conversions *You must show all work for credit. Round your answer to the correct number of significant figures.* 1. How many Joules are in calories? (Ans: 232) 2. How many calories are in 1520 Joules? (Ans: 364) 3. Calculate the number of Joules in a 12 fl. oz. Dr. Pepper, which has 150 Calories. (Ans: 630, 000) Thermo Worksheets Page 1 of 8
2 Endothermic v. Exothermic Identify the following processes as endothermic (endo) or exothermic (exo) from the viewpoint of the system. Process System 1 System 2 A. Ice melting in your hand. The ice Your hand B. Water freezing. The water The air C. A fire burning. Substance burning Person s hand D. Beaker with chemical reaction feels warm. Chemicals Your hand E. Sweat evaporating from your skin. The sweat Your skin Phase Diagram 1. On the phase diagram, label the following: Gas Liquid Solid Boiling/Condensation Point Line Sublimation/Deposition Point Line Melting/Freezing Point Line Triple Point 2. At what temperature and pressure is the triple point? 3. At what temperature is the normal boiling point? 4. At what temperature is the normal melting point? 5. If the substance is at a pressure of 1.4 atm and a temperature of 0 C, what phase is it in? 6. The pressure stays constant at 1.4 atm, but the temperature increases from 0 to 30 C. What phase change did the substance undergo? 7. The temperature stays constant at 30 C, but the pressure drops from 1.4 to 0.6 atm. What phase change did the substance undergo? Thermo Worksheets Page 2 of 8
3 Heating / Cooling Curve 1. Label the lines that represents the: gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase. 2. Label the lines and directions of the: boiling point, melting point, condensation point, freezing point. 3. Which lines have more than one phase present? List the lines and the phases present. 4. Which lines show an equilibrium between two phases? 5. Is temperature changing along line (circle Y or N) AB? y / n BC? y / n CD? y / n DE? y / n EF? y / n 6. Is kinetic energy changing along line (circle Y or N) AB? y / n BC? y / n CD? y / n DE? y / n EF? y / n 7. Is potential energy changing along line (circle Y or N) AB? y / n BC? y / n CD? y / n DE? y / n EF? y / n 8. Label each process as endothermic (endo) or exothermic (exo). Melting moving from point F to point E Condensation moving from point C to point D Thermo Worksheets Page 3 of 8
4 Reaction Energy Diagrams Diagram A Label the diagram with the following terms: Activation Energy (E a ) Change in enthalpy (Enthalpy of the reaction, ΔH rxn ) Reactants Products Activated Complex Diagram B 1. Potential energy of reactants 2. Potential energy of products 3. Potential energy of activated complex 4. Change in enthalpy (Heat of reaction) 5. Activation energy 6. Endothermic or exothermic? Diagram C 1. Use the following information to draw the reaction energy diagram: Potential energy of reactants = 250 kj Potential energy of activated complex = 400 kj Potential energy of products = 100 kj 2. Calculate ΔH. 3. Calculate E a. 4. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Thermo Worksheets Page 4 of 8
5 Enthalpy (Heat) of Reaction Name Class Period You must show all work for credit. Round all answers to the tenths place. 1. Chlorine gas will react with hydrogen bromide gas to form liquid bromine and hydrogen chloride gas in the following reaction: Cl 2 (g) + 2 HBr (g) Br 2 (l) + 2 HCl (g) kj a. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain. b. Calculate the enthalpy change when 3.75 moles of chlorine gas are used. (Ans: 420.5) c. Calculate the enthalpy change when moles of HBr are used. (Ans: 37.6) 2. Ethanol is now added to gasoline, which is still mostly octane. Balance each reaction, then compare the energy produced from burning 1 mole of ethanol to the energy produced from burning 1 mole of octane. Which reaction produces more heat energy? Combustion of ethanol: C 2 H 5 OH (l) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (g) kj Combustion of octane: C 8 H 18 (l) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (g) + 10,232.0 kj 3. Explain why it is important to know the phase (solid, liquid, or gas) of the substance for these calculations. 4. The standard heat of formation of any element in its standard state is. Thermo Worksheets Page 5 of 8
6 Standard Enthalpies of Formation, ΔH f, at 298 K 5. The reaction for photosynthesis is: 6 H 2 O (l) + 6 CO 2 (g) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6 O 2 (g) a. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction. (Ans: ) b. Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic? c. Rewrite the equation, including the heat of reaction as either a reactant or a product. 6. When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes: CaCO 3 (s) CaO (s) + CO 2 (g) a. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction. (Ans: 178.1) b. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? c. Rewrite the equation, including the heat of reaction as either a reactant or a product. 7. Chlorine gas will react with hydrogen bromide gas to form liquid bromine and hydrogen chloride gas: Cl 2 (g) + 2 HBr (g) 2 HCl (g) + Br 2 (l) a. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction. (Ans: ) b. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? c. Rewrite the equation, including the enthalpy of reaction as either a reactant or a product. Thermo Worksheets Page 6 of 8
7 Energy Calculations Name Class Period You must show all work for credit. Round all answers to the hundredths place. Specific Heat Capacities in J/g C Water 4.18 Gold Silver Iron Zinc Tin For water: For which phase change is +ΔH vap used? +ΔH fus used? -ΔH vap used? -ΔH fus used? ΔH vap = kj/mol ΔH fus = kj/mol 1. Describe the process that occurs when Q is positive. Is this endothermic or exothermic? 2. Describe the process that occurs when Q is negative. Is this endothermic or exothermic? 3. When do you use the equation Q = mc p ΔT? 4. When do you use the equation ΔH = (mol)(δh fus )? 5. When do you use the equation ΔH = (mol)(δh vap )? 6. Calculate the amount of energy required to melt grams of ice at 0 C (Ans: 33.35) 7. A gram sample of an unknown metal at 75.0 C is added to grams of water at 15.0 C. The temperature of the water changes to 18.3 C. Calculate the specific heat of the unknown metal. (Ans: 0.24) 8. How much energy is required to boil moles of water at C? (Ans: ) 9. A 15.0 g bar of iron is cooled from 95.0 C to 22.5 C. Calculate the amount of energy released from the iron. (Ans: ) Thermo Worksheets Page 7 of 8
8 10. A student heats 50.0 grams of tin 100. C. How much energy was needed to heat the tin? (Ans: ) 11. How much energy is released when 20.0 grams of water are frozen at 0 C? (Ans: -6.67) 12. An unknown metal is heated from 15.2 C to 43.9 C. The amount of energy needed to heat 20.0 g of the substance is J. What is the specific heat capacity of the substance? Use the chart above to identify the substance. 13. A piece of lead with a mass of grams was heated to C. It was quickly immersed in 10.0 of water that was at a temperature of 24.6 C. The water and lead came to a temperature of 35.2 C. What is the specific heat of lead? (Ans: 0.13) 14. Calculate the amount of energy released when 10.4 moles of water vapor are condensed at 100 C. (Ans: ) J of energy are used to heat an unknown sample with a mass of 56.3 g from 25.0 C to 45.0 C. Calculate the specific heat capacity and identify the unknown substance. 16. A 15.2 gram sample of nickel is heated to C and dropped into 55.0 grams of water, initially at 23.0 C. The final temperature of both the water and the nickel is 25.2 C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of nickel. (Ans: 0.44) Thermo Worksheets Page 8 of 8
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