PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Transcription

1 COURSE CODE: UNIT TITLE: Science Skills; Motion; Force; Work, Power and Machines; Energy UNIT ESSENTIAL : PHYSICAL SCIENCE COURSE NAME: Physical Science 1. How does curiosity led to scientific discovery? 2. Explain the relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration. 3. How do forces affect the motion of an object? 4. How can you improve the efficiency of a machine? 5. What is the most effective energy resource for your state? Explain your answer. SEMESTER: 1 GRADING PERIOD: 1 CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT Chapter 11: Motion Chapter 12: Forces and Chapter 14: Work, Chapter 15: Energy Motion Power, and Machines Chapter 1: Science Skills Safety & Instruments *Scientific Method Standard of Measurement *Significant Figures *Scientific Notation Collect, Organize and Analyze Data *Scientific Law and Theory Science & Technology NGSSS: SC.912.N.1.1 Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics and earth/space science, and do the following: 1. Pose questions about the natural world, 2. Conduct systematic observations, 3. Examine books Distance and Displacement Speed and Velocity Acceleration Relationship between force, mass and motion. Newton s Laws Acceleration Universal Forces Work and Power Work and Machines Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency Simple Machines Energy and Its Forms Energy Conversion and Conservation Energy Resources STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS NGSSS: NGSSS: Common Core ELA SC.912.P.12.2 Analyze the SC.912.P.10.1 Differentiate LA The student motion of an object in among the various forms will organize information terms. of energy and recognize to show understanding or SC.912.N.1.4 Identify that they can be relationships among facts, sources of information and transformed from one ideas, events assess their reliability form to others. LACC.910.RST.1.1 Cite according to the strict SC.912.P Explore the specific textual evidence standards of scientific Law of Conservation of to support analysis of investigation Energy by differentiating science and technical Common Core Math MA.912.S Determine appropriate and consistent standards of measurement for the data to be collected in a survey or experiment. MA.912.A.1.4 Perform operations on real numbers (including

2 and other sources of information to see what is already known, 4. Review what is known in light of empirical evidence, 5. Plan investigations, 6. Use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (including use of measurement in metric and other systems, and also the generation and interpretation of graphical representations of data, including data tables and graphs), 7. Pose answers, explanations, or description of events, 8. Generate explanations that explicator describe natural phenomena (inferences), 9. Use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others, 10. Communicate results of scientific investigations, 11. Evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others. SC.912.N.1.2 Describe and explain what characterizes science and its methods. SC.912.N.1.3 Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, SC.912.P.12.3 Interpret and apply Newton s three laws of motion. SC.912.P.12.4 Describe how the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. SC.912.P Compare the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear). SC.912.N.1.1 Refer back to Ch. 1 SC.912.N.1.4 Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific investigation SC.912.N.1.5 Describe and provide examples of how similar investigations conducted in many parts of the world result in the same outcome. SC.912.N.1.6 Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content among open, closed, and isolated systems and explain that the total energy in an isolated system is a conserved quantity. SC.912.N.1.7 Recognize the role of creativity in constructing scientific questions, methods and explanations. texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LACC.910.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. LACC.910.RST.3.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LACC.910.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.910.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from integer exponents, radicals, percents, scientific notation, absolute value, rational numbers, irrational numbers) using multistep and real-world problems. MA.912.A.1.5 Use dimensional (unit) analysis to perform conversions between units of measure, including rates. MA.912.A.2.1 Create a graph to represent a real-world situation. MA.912.A.5.4 Solve algebraic proportions. MA.912.S.3.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data sets, determine the best format for the data and present visual summaries from the following: bar graphs line graphs stem and leaf plots circle graphs histograms box and whisker plots scatter plots

3 and the active consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented. SC.912.N. 1.4 Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific explanations to explain the data presented. SC.912.N. 1.5 Describe and provide examples of how similar investigations conducted in many parts of the world result in the same outcome. SC.912.N. 1.6 Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied. SC.912.N.1.7 Recognize the role of creativity in constructing scientific questions, methods and explanations. SC.912.N.2.1 Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science) SC.912.N.2.2 Identify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific being studied. SC.912.N.1.7 Recognize the role of creativity in constructing scientific questions, methods and explanations informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. For Students in Grades LACC.1112.RST.1.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. LACC.1112.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. LACC.1112.RST.3.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. cumulative frequency (give) graphs MA.912.S.3.3 Calculate and interpret measures of the center of a set of data, including mean, median, and weighted mean, and use these measures to make comparisons among sets of data. MACC.K12.MP.1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MACC.K12.MP.2: Reason abstractly and quantitatively. MACC.K12.MP.3: Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. [Viable arguments include evidence.] MACC.K12.MP.4: Model with mathematics. MACC.K12.MP.5: Use appropriate tools strategically. MACC.K12.MP.6: Attend to precision. MACC.K12.MP.7: Look for and make use of structure.

4 investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, such as art, philosophy, and religion. SC.912.N.2.3 Identify example of pseudoscience (such as astrology, phrenology) in society. ***SC.912.N.2.5 Describe instances in which scientists varied background, talents, interests, and goals influence and the inferences and thus the explanations that they make about observations of natural phenomena and describe that competing interpretations of scientists are a strength of science as they are a source of new, testable ideas, that have the potential to add new evidence to support one or another of the explanations. SC.912.N 3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a substantial range of phenomena; thus, a scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer. SC.912 N.3.2 Describe the role LACC.1112.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.1112.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

5 consensus plays in the historical development of a theory in any one of the disciplines of science. SC.912.N.3.3 Explain that scientific laws are descriptions of specific relationships under given conditions in nature, but do not offer explanations for those relationships SC.912.N.3.4 Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well supported explanations and law are well supported descriptions. SC.912.N.3.5 Describe the function of models in science, and identify the wide range of models used in science. 1. How does the process of science start and end? 2. Explain the relationship between science and technology. 3. How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory? 4. Why are scientific models useful? 5. How does the precision of measurements affect 1. How are distance and displacement different? 2. How are instantaneous speed and average speed different? 3. How can you find the speed from a distance-time graph? 4. How are speed and 1. How do forces affect the motion of an object? 2. How do gravity and air resistance affect a falling object? 3. Why does a projectile follow a curved path? 1. When does a force do work? 2. How are work and power related? 3. How do machines make work easier? 4. How are work input and work output related 1. How are energy and work related? 2. How is gravitational potential energy determined? 3. Describe the different forms of energy. 4. Can energy be

6 the precision of scientific calculations? 6. How can scientists communicate experimental data? 7. What is the relationship between an inference and an observation? 8. How does new information impact existing scientific knowledge? 9. How does science impact society? 10. How do theories reflect scientific explanations? 11. How does new evidence impact an existing theory? 12. How does scientific law illustrate patterns in nature? 13. What is the significance of the metric system or SI units? 14. How does scientific notation and significant figures make taking and manipulating measurements easier? velocity different? 5. How do velocities add? 6. How are changes in velocity described? 7. How can you calculate acceleration? 8. How does a speedtime graph indicate acceleration? 9. Describe an instantaneous acceleration. 4. How does Newton s first law relate to change in motion to a zero net force? 5. How does Newton s second law relate force, mass, and acceleration? 6. How are mass and weight related? 7. Explain the Newton s Third Law of Motion and give examples. 8. How is momentum conserved? 9. Describe the type of force that holds the nucleus together. for a machine? 5. How does the actual mechanical advantage of a machine compare to its ideal mechanical advantage? 6. Why is the efficiency of a machine always less than 100 percent? 7. Compare the different types of simple machines. converted form one form into another? Explain your answer by giving examples. 5. Explain the law of conservation of energy. 6. How are energy and mass related? 7. Compare renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy. 8. How can energy resources be conserved?

7 VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY Dependent (responding) Variable Independent (manipulate) Variable Mass Variable Accuracy Precision Graph Model Length Density Conversion Factor Slope Direct Proportion Inverse Proportion Investigation Observation Scientist Frame of Reference Relative Motion Vector Speed Velocity Acceleration Freefall Force Newton Net Force Friction Air resistance Gravity Gravitational force Terminal velocity Projectile motion Inertia Weight Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum Fundamental Forces Work Power Joule Watt Machine Lever Incline plane Wheel and axle Mechanical advantage Efficiency Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Nonrenewable Energy Renewable Energy Law of Conservation of Energy ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Inquiry Activity: How do scientists use their observations, pg 1 Quick Lab: Comparing Precision pg. 18 Data Analysis: Faster than Speeding Data, pg. 24 Use Multimedia Packet: Lab: Determining the thickness of Aluminum Foil, pg 56 ** If teacher has another lab they prefer the following Inquiry Activity: How does a ramp affect a rolling marble?, pg 327 Quick Lab: Comparing Distance and Displacement, pg 330 Teacher Demo: Frames of Reference, pg 329 Investigation 11A: Quick Lab: Observing the Effects of Friction, pg 360. Quick Lab: Observing Inertia, pg 365 Data Analysis: Momentum, pg 377 Exploration Lab: Investing a Balloon Jet, pg 383 Inquiry Activity: How Do Ramps Help You Raise An Object? p 411 Using Friction to Change Mechanical Advantage, p. 424 Math Skills Problem Solving Workbook 14.1 Work and Power Determining The Effect of Mass on Kinetic Energy Determining the Kinetic Energy of a Pendulum

8 concepts must be met: Perform conversion and calculations with metric units Use of graphing Measuring Distance and Displacement Recommended Inquiry Lab: Designing a roller coaster. Quick Lab: Comparing Lever Arms. p429 Investigation 14A or B Lab Manual ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BOOKS: Pearson Physical Science, Florida Edition, ancillary materials, resource attachment(s) and labs Physical Science by Holt, McDougal OTHER RESOURCES Youtube.com Khan Academy Discovery Channel Teacher Tube phet

9 COURSE CODE: UNIT TITLE: Mechanical Waves; Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light; Electricity; Magnetism; Thermal Energy and Heat UNIT ESSENTIAL : COURSE NAME: Physical Science SEMESTER: 1 1. How are frequency, wavelength and speed related? 2. Explain the health risks of radiation. 3. How much does it cost to operate common appliances? 4. How does an electric motor work? 5. What is thermal pollution and how can it be reduced? GRADING PERIOD: 2 CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT Chapter 17: Mechanical Waves and Sound Mechanical Waves Properties of Mechanical Waves Behavior of Waves Sound and Hearing NGSSS: SC.912.P Qualitatively describe the shift in frequency in sound or electromagnetic waves due to the relative motion of a source or a receiver. SC.912.N.1.1 Refer back to Ch.1 SC.912.N.1.4 Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the Chapter 18: Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Electromagnetic Waves The Electromagnetic Spectrum Behavior of Light And Color Sources of Light Chapter 20: Electricity Electricity Charge and Static Electricity Electric Current and Ohm s Law Electric Circuits Electronic Devices Chapter 21: Magnetism Magnets and Magnetic Fields Electromagnetism Electrical Energy Generation and Transmission Chapter 16: Thermal Energy and Heat Thermal Energy and Matter Heat and Thermodynamics Using Heat STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS NGSSS: NGSSS: Common Core ELA SC.912.P Explore the SC.912.P.10.4 Describe For Students in Grades 9- theory of electromagnetism heat as the energy 10 by comparing and transferred by convection, LA The student contrasting the different conduction, and radiation, will organize information parts of the and explain the connection to show understanding or electromagnetic spectrum of heat to change in relationships among facts, in terms of wavelength, temperature or states of ideas, events frequency, and energy, and matter. LACC.910.RST.1.1 Cite relate them to phenomena SC.912.P.10.5 Relate specific textual evidence and applications. temperature to the to support analysis of Common Core Math: MA.912.S Determine appropriate and consistent standards of measurement for the data to be collected in a survey or experiment. MA.912.A.1.4 Perform operations on real numbers (including integer exponents,

10 strict standards of scientific investigation. SC.912.N.4.2 Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental. SC.912.P Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. SC.912.P Investigate and explain the relationships among current, voltage, resistance, and power. SC.912.N.4.2. Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental. SC.912.P.12.7 Recognize that nothing travels faster than the speed of light in vacuum which is the same for all observers no matter how they or the light source are moving. SC.912.N.4.1 Explain how scientific knowledge and reasoning provide an empirically-based perspective to inform society's decision making. SC.912.P Investigate and explain the relationships among current, voltage, resistance, and power. average molecular kinetic energy. SC.912.P Explore the theory of electromagnetism by comparing and contrasting the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy, and relate them to phenomena and applications. science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LACC.910.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. LACC.910.RST.3.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LACC.910.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.910.WHST.3.9 Draw radicals, percents, scientific notation, absolute value, rational numbers, irrational numbers) using multistep and real-world problems. MA.912.A.1.5 Use dimensional (unit) analysis to perform conversions between units of measure, including rates. MA.912.A.2.1 Create a graph to represent a real-world situation. MA.912.A.5.4 Solve algebraic proportions. MA.912.S.3.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data sets, determine the best format for the data and present visual summaries from the following: bar graphs line graphs stem and leaf plots circle graphs histograms box and whisker plots scatter plots cumulative frequency

11 evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. For Students in Grades LACC.1112.RST.1.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. LACC.1112.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. LACC.1112.RST.3.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a (give) graphs MA.912.S.3.3 Calculate and interpret measures of the center of a set of data, including mean, median, and weighted mean, and use these measures to make comparisons among sets of data. MACC.K12.MP.1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MACC.K12.MP.2: Reason abstractly and quantitatively. MACC.K12.MP.3: Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. [Viable arguments include evidence.] MACC.K12.MP.4: Model with mathematics. MACC.K12.MP.5: Use appropriate tools strategically. MACC.K12.MP.6: Attend to precision. MACC.K12.MP.7: Look for and make use of structure. MACC.K12.MP.8: Look for and express regularity in

12 problem. LACC.1112.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.1112.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. repeated reasoning. 1. Explain the causes of mechanical waves. 2. Compare the three main types of mechanical waves. 3. How are frequency, wavelength and speed related? 4. How is the amplitude of a wave related to the wave s energy? 5. How does reflection change a wave? 6. Compare constructive and destructive interference. 7. How is ultrasound used? 1. How are electromagnetic waves different from mechanical waves? 2. How do electromagnetic waves differ from one another? 3. How is each type of electromagnetic wave used? 4. Describe the three types of materials that affect the behavior of light. 5. How does light 1. What produces a net electric charge? 2. What determines whether an electric force is attractive or repulsive? 3. How does a static discharge occur? 4. How are voltage, current, and resistance related? 5. How do electronic signals convey information? 6. How do vacuum tubes control electron flow? 1. How do magnetic poles interact? 2. How can a magnetic field affect a magnet that enters the field? 3. Why are some materials magnetic while others are not? 4. How is voltage induced in a conductor? 1. How is a change in temperature related to specific heat? 2. On what principle does a calorimeter operate? 3. Why is conduction slower in gases than in liquids or solids? 4. How does an object s temperature affect radiation? 5. Explain the three laws of

13 8. How does frequency of sound change for a moving source? 9. How do musical instruments vary pitch? behave when it enters a new medium? 6. How does a prism separate white light? 7. How does each type of light source generate light? 7. Explain the importance of using microchips in communication devices. 5. How can a transformer change voltage and current? thermodynamics. 6. How do most heating systems distribute thermal energy? 7. How does a heat pump reverse the normal flow of heat? VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY Vibration, Mechanical Wave Medium, Transverse Wave Compression, Rarefaction Longitudinal, wave Frequency, Period Wavelength, Amplitude Reflection, Refraction Diffraction, Interference Intensity, Decibel Loudness Pitch Doppler effect Resonance Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic radiation Photons Electromagnetic Spectrum Transparent Translucent Opaque Regular Reflection Diffuse Reflection Primary Color Secondary Color Pigment Luminous Electric Charge Electric Force Electric Field Static Electricity Law Of Conservation of Charge Induction Electric Current Electrical Conductor Electrical Insulator Resistance Magnetic Force Magnetic Pole Magnetic Field Electromagnetic Force Solenoid Electromagnetic Electric Motor Electromagnetic Induction Generator Heat Absolute Zero Thermal Expansion Specific Heat Conduction Convection Thermodynamic ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Inquiry Activity: How Does a Disturbance Produce Waves? p499 How do Color Filters Work. p531 Lab Manual: Investigating Static Charge Inquiry Activity: What Happens When Hot and Cold Liquids Mix? Pg. 473 Quick Lab: Observing Waves in a Medium. P. 502 Exploration Lab: Mixing Colored Lights How Do Magnets Interact With One Another? pg. 629 Observing Magnetic Field Lines Quick Lab: Observing Convection

14 Comparing Frequency and Wave Speed, p505 Exploration Lab: Investigating Sound Waves PHYSICAL SCIENCE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Pg. 632 Application Lab: Investigating An Electric Generator? Determining The Effects of Surface On Heat Transfer. Design Your Own Lab: Using Specific heat To Analyze Metals, pg. 493 BOOKS: Pearson Physical Science, Florida Edition, ancillary materials, resource attachment(s) and labs Physical Science by Holt, McDougal

15 COURSE CODE: UNIT TITLE: Matter; Atomic Structure; Periodic Table; Chemical Bonds UNIT ESSENTIAL : PHYSICAL SCIENCE COURSE NAME: Physical Science SEMESTER: 2 GRADING PERIOD: 3 1. Describe the factors that influence the cost of metal. 2. Explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, using Kinetic Theory. 3. Explain how Thomson and Rutherford used data from experiments to produce their atomic models. 4. What are periodic trends and why are they important? 5. How do atoms bond? CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT Chapter 2: Properties of Matter Classifying Matter Physical Properties Chemical Properties Chapter 3: States of Matter Solids, Liquids, and Gases The Gas Laws Phase Changes Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Studying Atoms The Structure of An Atom *Dalton s Model *Bohr s Model Modern Atomic Theory Chapter 5: The Periodic Table Organizing The Elements Modern Periodic Table Representative Groups Chapter 6: Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonding Electron Configurations Ionization Energy Covalent Bonding Polar and Non Polar Bonds Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas. STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS NGSSS: SC.912.P.8.2 Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. SC.912.P.8.8 Characterize types of chemical reactions, for example: redox, acid-base, synthesis, and single and NGSSS: SC.912.P.8.1 Differentiate among the four states of matter. SC.912.P.8.2 Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. NGSSS: SC.912.P.8.4 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these Common Core ELA LA The student will organize information to show understanding or relationships among facts, ideas, events LACC.910.RST.1.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of Common Core Math MA.912.A.1.5 Use dimensional (unit) analysis to perform conversions between units of measure, including rates. MA.912.A.2.1 Create a graph to represent a

16 double replacement reactions. SC.912.P.10.4 Describe heat as the energy transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation, and explain the connection of heat to change in temperature or states of matter. SC.912.P Differentiate between chemical and nuclear reactions. SC.912.P Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. SC.912.N.1.1 Refer Back to Ch. 1 SC.912.N.1.6 Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied. SC.912.N.4.2 Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental. SC.912.P.10.1 Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others. SC.912.P.10.4 Describe heat as the energy transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation, and explain the connection of heat to change in temperature or states of matter. SC.912.P.10.5 Relate temperature to the average molecular kinetic energy. SC.912.P.10.7 Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic chemical processes. SC.912.P Interpret the behavior of ideal gases in terms of kinetic molecular theory. SC.912.P Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory. particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom. SC.912.P 8.4 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom. SC.912.P8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure. SC.912.P 8.5 Relate properties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their electrons. science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LACC.910.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. LACC.910.RST.3.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LACC.910.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.910.WHST.3.9 Draw real-world situation. MA.912.A.5.4 Solve algebraic proportions. MA.912.S.3.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data sets, determine the best format for the data and present visual summaries from the following: bar graphs line graphs stem and leaf plots circle graphs histograms box and whisker plots scatter plots cumulative frequency (give) graphs MA.912.S.3.3 Calculate and interpret measures of the center of a set of data, including mean, median, and weighted mean, and use these measures to make comparisons among sets of data. MACC.K12.MP.1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MACC.K12.MP.2: Reason abstractly and

17 evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. For Students in Grades LACC.1112.RST.1.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. LACC.1112.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. LACC.1112.RST.3.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a quantitatively. MACC.K12.MP.3: Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. [Viable arguments include evidence.] MACC.K12.MP.4: Model with mathematics. MACC.K12.MP.5: Use appropriate tools strategically. MACC.K12.MP.6: Attend to precision. MACC.K12.MP.7: Look for and make use of structure. MACC.K12.MP.8: Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

18 problem. LACC.1112.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.1112.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. 1. Why are elements and compounds classified as pure substance? 2. How do mixtures differ from pure substances? 3. How can knowing the properties of matter be useful? 4. How would you recognize chemical change knowing chemical properties? 5. How would you recognize physical 1. How can shape and volume be used to classify materials? 2. How can kinetic theory and forces of attraction be used to explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids? 3. How are the temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas related? 4. How can you use the ideal gas laws to find relationships 1. What discoveries lead up to the current atomic theory? 2. What types of models do scientists use to describe atomic structure? Why is it important for scientists to use models to describe atoms? 3. How do the atoms of elements differ 1. What properties allow you to identify the atoms of different elements? 2. How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table? 3. Identify the trend for electronegativity, ionization energy, valence electrons and atomic radius diameter within 1. When is an atom unlikely to react? 2. How do elements achieve a stable configuration? 3. Explain the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the type of bonds formed? 4. How does the structure of an ionic compound affect its properties?

19 change knowing physical properties? 6. When can chemical properties be observed? between temperature, volume and pressure of gases? 5. How does the arrangement of water molecules change during melting and freezing? 6. How are evaporation and boiling different? from one another? 4. Describe the influence forces have on atomic structure. 5. Compare and contrast the three subatomic particles in respect to mass, electrical charge and atomic location. the periodic table. 4. Explain the relationship between an atom s location on the periodic table and its electron configuration? 5. How are atoms held together in a covalent bond? 6. How do attractions between polar molecules compare to attractions between nonpolar molecules? 7. Can you create an electron dot diagram of elements to illustrate chemical formulas? How? 8. How do metallic bonds produce some of the typical properties of metals? 9. How are properties of alloys be controlled?

20 VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY Pure Substance Atom Element Compound Heterogeneous Homogeneous Solution Physical Change Viscosity Chemical Change Reactivity Precipitate Pressure Charles s Law, Boyles s Law Endothermic Heat of Fusion Exothermic Heat of Vaporization Sublimation Deposition Proton Electron Neutron Atomic Number Mass Number Isotopes Orbital Energy Level Period Group Periodic Law Atomic Mass Unit(AMU) Metals Transition Metals Nonmetals Metalloid Valence electron Alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals Halogens Noble Gases Electron dot diagram Ion Anion Cation Chemical Bond Ionic Bond Chemical Formula Crystal Covalent Bond Molecule Polar Covalent Bond Polyatomic Ion Metallic Bonds Alloy ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Inquiry Activity: What Properties Could You Use to Describe Materials? Investigation 3B: Measuring Spaces Between Particles Of Matter. (LM) Inquiry Activity: How Can You Study Objects That are Not Visible? pg99 Quick Lab: Identifying a Chemical Change. pg56 Investigation: Determining The Densities of Liquids (LM) Quick Lab: Observing The Effects of Temperature on Gas Pressure. Pg. 79 Investigation Lab: Changes in Temperature During Heating of Solids. pg Investigation 4B: Modeling an Electron Cloud (LM) Inquiry Activity: How Much Data Do You Need to Identify a Pattern? pg125 Quick Lab: Making a Model of a Periodic Table. pg128 Inquiry Activity: What Can The Shape of A Material Tell You About The Material? Quick Lab: Analyzing Inks. pg167 MSPSW Section 6:3 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas.

21 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BOOKS: Pearson Physical Science, Florida Edition, ancillary materials, resource attachment(s) and labs Physical Science by Holt, McDouga

22 COURSE CODE: UNIT TITLE: Chemical Reactions; Solutions, Acids and Bases; Carbon Chemistry; Nuclear Chemistry UNIT ESSENTIAL : COURSE NAME: Physical Science 1. How do scientists classify reactions? 2. Explain how mass is conserved in a chemical change. 3. Why is soil acidity important in gardening? 4. Explain the pros and cons of using fossil fuels as source of electricity. 5. How is radiocarbon dating used to date objects? SEMESTER: 2 GRADING PERIOD: 4 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT Describing Reactions Balance Chemical Equations Types of Reactions Energy Changes in Reactions Reaction Rates Equilibrium Chapter 8: Solutions, Acids and Bases Chapter 9: Carbon Chemistry Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry Formation of Solutions Solubility and Concentration Properties of Acids and Bases Strength of Acids and Bases Biochemistry Carbon Compounds Polymers Reactions in Cells Nuclear Decay Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Equations Half-Life Radioactive Dating Transmutation Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fission STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS NGSSS: SC.912.P.8.2 Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules NGSSS: SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure. SC.912.P.8.11 Relate acidity NGSSS: SC.912.L.15.2 Discuss the use of molecular clocks to estimate how long ago various groups of organisms diverged evolutionarily from one Common Core ELA LA The student will organize information to show understanding or relationships among facts, ideas, events LACC.910.RST.1.1 Cite Common Core Math MA.912.S Determine appropriate and consistent standards of measurement for the data to be collected in a survey or experiment.

23 and compounds in terms of composition and structure. SC.912.P.8.8 Characterize types of chemical reactions, for example: redox, acid-base, synthesis, and single and double replacement reactions. SC.912.P.10.2 Explore the Law of Conservation of Energy by differentiating among open, closed, and isolated systems and explain that the total energy in an isolated system is a conserved quantity. SC.912.P.10.4 Describe heat as the energy transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation, and explain the connection of heat to change in temperature or states of matter. SC.912.P.10.7 Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic chemical processes. SC.912.P Analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration (with respect to a frame of reference) as functions of time. SC.912.N.1.1 Refer to Ch. 1 and basicity to hydronium and hydroxyl ion concentration and ph. SC.912.P Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. SC.912.P Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues. SC.912.P Differentiate between chemical and nuclear reactions SC.912.L Discuss the effects of technology on environmental quality SC.912.L Discuss the large-scale environmental impacts resulting from human activity, including waste spills, oil spills, runoff, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and surface and groundwater pollution. another SC.912.L Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues SC.912.L Evaluate the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests SC.912.L Discuss the effects of technology on environmental quality SC.912.L Discuss the large-scale environmental impacts resulting from human activity, including waste spills, oil spills, runoff, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and surface and groundwater pollution SC.912.L Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LACC.910.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. LACC.910.RST.3.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LACC.910.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, MA.912.A.1.4 Perform operations on real numbers (including integer exponents, radicals, percents, scientific notation, absolute value, rational numbers, irrational numbers) using multistep and real-world problems. MA.912.A.1.5 Use dimensional (unit) analysis to perform conversions between units of measure, including rates. MA.912.A.2.1 Create a graph to represent a real-world situation. MA.912.A.5.4 Solve algebraic proportions. MA.912.S.3.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data sets, determine the best format for the data and present visual summaries from the following: bar graphs line graphs stem and leaf plots circle graphs histograms

24 . molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure. or technical processes. LACC.910.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. For Students in Grades LACC.1112.RST.1.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. LACC.1112.RST.1.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. LACC.1112.RST.3.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) box and whisker plots scatter plots cumulative frequency (ogive) graphs MA.912.S.3.3 Calculate and interpret measures of the center of a set of data, including mean, median, and weighted mean, and use these measures to make comparisons among sets of data. MACC.K12.MP.1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MACC.K12.MP.2: Reason abstractly and quantitatively. MACC.K12.MP.3: Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. [Viable arguments include evidence.] MACC.K12.MP.4: Model with mathematics. MACC.K12.MP.5: Use appropriate tools strategically. MACC.K12.MP.6: Attend to precision. MACC.K12.MP.7: Look for

25 in order to address a question or solve a problem. LACC.1112.WHST.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LACC.1112.WHST.3.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research and make use of structure. MACC.K12.MP.8: Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. 1. Why must chemical equations be balanced? 2. Why do chemists use the mole? 3. How can you calculate the mass of a reactant or product in a chemical reaction? 4. How did the discovery of subatomic particles affect the classification of 1. What happens to energy when a solution forms? 2. Describe some properties of a solution that differ from those of its solvent and solute. 3. How are solutions with different amounts of solute described? 4. Explain the factors that determine the solubility of a solute. 1. What are the three main fossil fuels and the two primary products of their combustion? 2. What functional groups are found in alcohols, organic acids, and organic bases? 3. How are esters formed? 4. How are polymers classified? 5. Identify and 1. Explain what happens during nuclear decay? 2. Compare the three types of nuclear radiation. 3. How does nuclear radiation affect atoms? 4. How can nuclear radiation be

26 reactions? 5. Compare the different types of chemical reactions. 6. Explain what happens to chemical bonds during a chemical reaction. 7. Explain the factors that cause reaction rates to change. 8. How do equilibrium systems respond to change? 5. Explain the different ways of measuring the concentration of solutions. 6. Compare the properties of acids and bases. 7. How is ph used to describe the concentration of acids and bases? 8. How do strong acids and bases differ from weak acids and bases? 9. Why are strong acids and bases good electrolytes? describe the four types of polymers that organisms can produce. 6. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? detected? 5. How do nuclear decay rates differ from chemical reaction rates? 6. How do scientists determine the age of an object that contains carbon-14? 7. How do artificial transmutation s occur? 8. How are transuranium elements produced? 9. Under what conditions does the strong nuclear force overcome electric forces in the nucleus?

27 VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY Radioactivity Radio isotope Reactants Organic compound Nuclear radiation Products Solute Network solid Alpha particle Chemical Equation Solvent Hydrocarbon Beta particle Coefficients Molarities Isomer Gamma ray Mole Acid Fossil fuels Half-life Molar Mass Base Nucleic acids Transmutation Chemical Energy Indicator Amino acids Transuranic elements Exothermic Reaction Salt Proteins Quark Endothermic Reaction, Neutralization Carbohydrates Fission Reaction Rate ph Enzymes Chain reaction Catalyst Buffer Photosynthesis Critical mass Equilibrium Electrolyte Fusion Reversible Reaction Plasma ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Inquiry Activity: How Is Mass Conserved In a Chemical Change? Inquiry Lab: Do all Carbon Compounds have similar properties p. 261 Inquiry Activity p. 291: What happens when an atom decays Quick Lab: Modeling a Mole. pg196 Building Science Skills. pg 208 Quick Lab: Observing The Action of A Catalyst. pp214 Designing Your Own Lab: Manipulating Chemical Equilibrium. pg. 200 Building Science Skills: Factors Affecting Solubility. p. 237 Investigation 8B: Comparing Solubilities and Rates of Dissolving Quick Lab: Comparing Isomers p. 265 Demo Lab: Natural Polymers (TE p. 278) Teacher Demo p. 284 Denaturing an Enzyme Consumer Lab: Comparing Vitamin C in Fruit Juices p. 285 Quick Lab: Modeling Half- Life p. 300 Exploration Lab: Modeling a Chain Reaction p. 316

28 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BOOKS: Pearson Physical Science, Florida Edition, ancillary materials, resource attachment(s) and labs Physical Science by Holt, McDougal