Speed Control of PFC Quadruple Lift Positive Output Luo Converter fed BLDC Motor Drive

Transcription

1 Intrntonl OPEN ACCESS Journl Of odrn Engnrng srh (IJE) Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr K. Srns o 1, G. Stynryn o 2, V.. N. Sstry 3 1 (EEE Dprtmnt, Ss Insttut of Thnology & Engnrng, Tdpllgudm, A.P, Ind 2 (EEE Dprtmnt, Ss Insttut of Thnology & Engnrng, Tdpllgudm, A.P, Ind 3 (EEE Dprtmnt, Ss Insttut of Thnology & Engnrng, Tdpllgudm, A.P, Ind ABSTACT: Ths ppr gs nlyss nd smulton prformn of Brushlss DC motor (BDC) wth qudrupl lft post output uo onrtr. A qudrupl lft post output uo onrtr s usd to supply th rqurd oltg to dr th BDC motor. Th prformn of th BDC motor dr n losd loop s nlyzd usng th PI ontrollr n trms of spd. Th spd of th BDC motor s rd y low frquny swthng of th Voltg Sour Inrtr (VSI). Th swthng of VSI n turn ontrols th DC lnk oltg t th output of th nrtr. Dod Brdg tfr (DB) t th nput sd s lmntd, whh rdus th onduton losss. Also th Powr Ftor Corrton (PFC) s otnd t th front nd of th AC sour y ontrollng DC- lnk oltg n losd loop. Th proposd systm hs hgh oltg trnsfr gn nd ry lss rppl ontnt n output oltg. Furthr th prformn of th BDC motor dr usng PI ontrollr s rfd through ATAB smulton. Th proposd dr prods soluton for low powr ppltons wth lss ost. Kywords: BDC motor, Hll snsor, PFC ontrol, PI ontrollr, Qudrupl lft post output uo onrtr. I. INTODUCTION In tronl DC motors, th rushs r usd for mplmntng mhnl ommutton. Du to ths mny prolms lk mhnl frton rss whh produs nos, ltrl sprks, rdo ntrfrn nd rdus th lf spn of th mhn. Kpng n mnd th hgh ost of produton nd nonnnt mntnn, th us of ths DC motors s onfnd to lrg sz ppltons. Th urgny n hghr prformn motors for smll nd mdum ppltons lds to th dlopmnt of Brush ss Drt Currnt (BDC) motors. Th Prmnnt gnt Synhronous otor (PS) s smlr to tht of BDC motor. Th PS motor uss snusodl wform to ontrol h wndng k mf wforms whl th BDC motor uss trpzodl wforms. In BDC motor, th wndngs r tkn on th sttor nd th mgnt s norportd on th rotor. As thr r no rushs prsnt n th BDC motor, th ommutton s hd ltronlly wth dr onsstng of smondutor swths whh hngs th urrnt n th wndng wth rspt to th fdk from rotor through poston snsors. Th BDC motors fnd fstful us of smpl onstruton, low ltromgnt polluton, rltly hgh rllty, lst ost, mor ffny, mxmum powr dnsty nd nglgl mntnn. In rnt yrs Brushlss DC motors r wdly usd n low powr ppltons lk shp propllrs, rosp, txtl ndustrs, mnpultors, root rms nd Automots. In [2], th onrtr s usd ftr th DB whh orrts powr ftor orrton t nput sd sngl phs AC mns nd oltg s ontrolld t th DC lnk whh rdus th THD n th onrtr. Th onpt of th front nd PFC onrtr wth DB fd from sngl phs AC mns s dsussd [3] nd th spd of th r ononr s ontrolld to s nrgy y ontrollng th DC lnk oltg s t s proportonl to th rqurd spd of th PBDC motor. For lowr powr pplton wth ost sng thnqu s dsussd wth PFC sd Cuk onrtr for otnng unty powr ftor t th AC mns [4]. Brdglss (B) - Cnonl Swthng Conrtr (CSC) prtlly lmnts th DB t th nput whh rdus th onduton losss, thry nrss th ffny of th shm [5]. Th PFC B-uk oost onrtr ompltly lmnts th DB thry rdung th onduton losss to lrg xtnt nd nrss th ffny. Also th PFC s otnd t th nput sd y ontrollng DC- lnk oltg [6]. B-Zt onrtr mploys th rdud snsor wth fundmntl frquny swthng of th VSI to rdu th swthng losss. Also, du to lmnton of DB, onduton losss drs thry hng PFC t nput sd [7]. Th ppr s orgnzd s ston II dsrs th ld nlyss nd oprton of proposd Qudrupl ft post output uo onrtr. Ston III prsnts th modlng of Brushlss DC motor wth IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

2 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr ltron ommutton pross wth th hlp of Hll Efft snsors. Ston IV gs th rf dsrpton of th Qudrupl ft post output uo onrtr fd BDC motor dr wth smulton rsults nd ston V onluds th ppr. II. QUADUPE IFT POSITIVE OUTPUT UO-CONVETE Qudrupl lft post output uo onrtr rut s shown n Fg.1 nd t onssts of two swths S 1 nd S 2, f ndutors 1, 2, 3, 4, nd 5 wth sx ptors C, C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4 nd C nd sn frwhlng dods[8]. Fg.1: Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr Cptors C 1, C 2, C 3 nd C 4 prform th pross to lft th ptor oltg V C y four tms th ppld nput oltg V IN nd 3, 4 nd 5 prform th oprton s lddr jonts to ln th four ptors C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4 nd lft up th ptor oltg V C. It s ssumd tht ll th omponnts r dl nd post output qudrupl lft onrtr oprts n CC. Whn th swths S 1 nd S 2 r n ON stt, th dods D 1 to D 6 r n ON stt nd dod D s n OFF stt. Whl th swths S 1 nd S 2 r n OFF stt, th dods D 1 to D 6 r n OFF stt nd dod D s n ON stt [9]. Th urrnt I 2 nrss whn th swths r n ON stt for prod of DT nd t drss whn th swths r n OFF stt for prod of (1-DT). Th output oltg nd urrnts r gn s V O = 4 1 D V n (1) I O = 1 D 4 I n (2) Th hgh oltg trnsfr gn s otnd y Q = V O V n = 4 1 D (3) Indutor rg urrnts r gn s I 1 = D 1 D I O (4) I 2 = I O (5) 1 I 3 = I 4 = I 5 = I 1 + I 2 = I 1 D O (6) Th mods of oprton of th onrtr r shown n Fg.2 nd Fg.3. IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

3 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr Fg.2: whn th swths r n ON Stt Fg.3: whn th swths r n OFF Stt Assumng tht f = 5 KHz, 1 = 2 = 1mH, 3 = 4 = 5 =.5mH, C= C 1 = C 2 = C 3 = C 4 = C O = 2µF nd duty rto, D = 33%. Th output oltg of uo onrtrs s lmost rl DC oltg wth ry smll rppl. III. ODEING OF BDC OTO A BDC motor dr omprss of 3-Ф nrtr rut whos output s gn to BDC motor nd th nrtr s ontrolld y swthng puls sgnls otnd from th ltron ommutton rut whh hs 6- stp ommutton wth h phs ondutng spn of 12 n ltrl dgrs. Th squn of ommutton s lk Th ross ston nd phs squn of BDC motor r shown n Fg.4 whl th s BDC motor modl s shown n Fg.5. Th DC lnk oltg s gn to n nrtr whh onrts th DC oltg to AC oltg nd th output of th nrtr s suppld to th BDC motor. Assumng th nrtr hs no powr loss nd th onnton of 3-Ф BDC motor s n str [1]. Fg.4: Cross ston nd phs squn of BDC motor Fg.5: Smpl BDC odl Applyng KV for th 3-Ф sttor loop wndng rutry gs: d d d d d d d d d (7) (8) (9) Whr,, r th k-ef wforms whh r funtons of ngulr loty (w m ) of th rotor shft nd s gn y, K (1) m Whr K s th k-mf onstnt So, from th o qutons th mthmtl modl of th BDC motor n xprssd n mtrx form s: IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

4 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y (11) d t us onsdr tht th sttor slf ndutns don t dpnd on th rotor poston nd th mutul ndutns wll gn s: = = = (12) = = = = = (13) Assumng 3-Ф phs lnd systm, ll th phs rsstns r qul nd s gn s = = = (14) rrngng th quton (11) ylds (15) d Whr th symols, nd dnot th phs k-mf, phs oltgs nd phs urrnts rsptly, wth th thr phss s, nd. s th rsstn pr phs nd s th ndutn pr phs lus nd T, T, J nd w m r th ltrl torqu, th lod torqu, th rotor nrt nd th rotor spd. Th k mf nd th ltrl torqu n xprssd s = k 2 w mf(θ ) (16) = k 2 w mf(θ 2π 3 ) (17) = k 2 w mf(θ 4π 3 ) (18) Th ltromhnl torqu s xprssd s (19) r r m T B d J T (2) ) ( 1 m m T Th ltrl torqu s gn y ) ( t F F F k T whr K nd K t r th k-mf onstnt nd th torqu onstnt rsptly.

5 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr Fg.6: Hll Snsor Sgnl, Bk Emf, Output Torqu nd Phs Currnt Th Hll poston snsors r nstlld n th motor to t th rotor poston nd trnsform t nto n ltrl sgnl on spn of 6, prodng th orrt ommutton for th log swth rut. Thrfor, th propr urrnt ommutton for th wndngs s otnd from th rotor poston nformton nd th P rotor wll rott ontnuously us of th stppng rmf gnrtd y th urrnt n th r gp. Th ommutton tmng to swth th pproprt swths s rmnd y th rotor poston, whh n td y Hll snsors H, H nd H s shown n th Fg.6. IV. QUADUPE IFT POSITIVE OUTPUT UO-CONVETE FED BDC OTO DIVE Fg-7 shows th proposd Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC motor dr. Th fltr t th nput sd lmnts th DB whh ts s oltg onrtr from AC mns to DC t C f. Th onrtr oprts n DC usng th onpt of oltg followr for th dul oprton of PFC nd DC lnk oltg ontrol. Th proposd onrtr lmnts th DB thry rdus th onduton losss to lrg xtnt nd nrss th ffny. Also th PFC t th front nd of th AC sour s otnd t th nput sd y ontrollng DC- lnk oltg. Th onrtr onrts th sour oltg nto hghr output oltg wth hgh powr ffny nd hgh powr dnsty. Voltg followr pproh: Wth th us of Voltg followr pproh, th front-nd PFC onrtr gnrts th PW pulss for th PFC uo onrtr swths (S w1 nd S w2 ) for DC lnk oltg ontrol wth PFC oprton t AC mns. A rfrn d lnk oltg (V d ) s gnrtd s V d = k w (22) Whr k nd w r th motor oltg onstnt nd th rfrn spd rsptly. Th oltg rror sgnl (V ) s gnrtd y omprng th rfrn DC lnk oltg (V d ) wth th snsd DC lnk oltg (V d ) s Whr k rprsnts smplng nstnt. V k = V d k V d (k) (23) Ths rror oltg sgnl (V) s gn to th oltg proportonl ntgrl (PI) ontrollr to gnrt ontrolld output oltg (V) s IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

6 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr V k = V k 1 + k p V k V k 1 + k p (24) Whr k p nd k r proportonl nd ntgrl gns of th oltg PI ontrollr. Now th output of th oltg ontrollr s omprd wth sw tooth sgnl (m d ) of hgh frquny to gnrt th PW pulss s For V s > ; For V s < ; f m d < V thn S w1 = ON f m d V thn S w1 = OFF f m d < V thn S w2 = ON f m d V thn S w2 = OFF Whr S w1 nd S w2 r gn to th PFC onrtr swths s swthng sgnls. Fg.7: Proposd Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC Dr Eltron Commutton: Th swthng squn for BDC motor s otnd from Hll snsor sgnls s gn n Tl.1 nd mf rlton wth hll sgnls s gn n Tl.2 Swthng Intrl Tl.1: Swthng Squn for BDC motor Squn Hll Snsor nput Swths Phs Currnt Closd -6 1 S 1 S S 1 S S 5 S S 5 S S 3 S S 3 S IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

7 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr Tl.2: Bk Emf s from hll snsor sgnls H H H EF EF EF At prtulr nstnt two of th thr phss of BDC motor r onntd nd th squn of swthng s otnd from hll snsor outputs. Th Smulnk mplmntton of th dodr rut for Bk Emf s from hll snsor sgnls s shown n Fg.8 nd th Smulnk modl for gnrtng swthng puls sgnls s shown n Fg.9. Fg.8: Smulnk mplmntton of dodr rut for Bk Emf s from hll snsor sgnls Fg.9: Smulnk modl for swthng puls gnrton Th smulton of th proposd modl s onsdrd wth th lod rton t.1 S nd.3 S. Th sttor urrnt nd ndud mf of th BDC motor s shown n Fg.1 nd th swthng sgnls for VSI s shown n Fg.11 IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

8 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr Fg.1: Indud Emf nd Sttor urrnt wforms Fg.11: Swthng Sgnls for VSI Th BDC motor rtngs r 4 pol, V rtd (rtd DC lnk oltg) = 416V, T rtd (rtd torqu) = 2.2 Nm, ω rtd (rtd spd) = 15 rpm, K (k EF onstnt) = 146 V/krpm, K t (torqu onstnt) = 1.4 Nm/A, ph (phs rsstn) = Ω, ph (phs ndutn) = 8.5 mh, J (momnt of nrt) = 1.25 kg m 2. Th BDC motor spd s ontrolld wth th us of PI ontrollr nd th spd s djustd utomtlly djustd to rtd 1 rpm durng th tm prod to.1 s. nd ftr pplton of th lod t.1 S th spd trks th lod nd utomtlly djustd to rtd 15 rpm nd t.3 S th lod s drsd to 5rpm nd th spd s utomtlly djustd to 5rpm. So wth th us of PI ontrollr th BDC motor spd s ontrolld nd th smulton rsults of spd nd ltromgnt torqu s shown n Fg.12 whl th sour oltg, sour urrnt nd DC lnk oltgs r shown n Fg.13 wth th rton of lod t.1 S nd.3 S. IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y

9 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr Fg.12: Eltromgnt Torqu nd Spd rton wth lod hng t.1 s nd.3 s. Fg.13: Sour oltg, sour urrnt nd DC lnk oltg wforms IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y 215 4

10 Spd Control of PFC Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr fd BDC otor Dr V. CONCUSION A Qudrupl ft Post Output uo Conrtr for VSI fd BDC motor dr hs n modlld to mntn unty powr ftor t th supply mns for th lowst ost PFC motor for low powr qupmnts lk lowrs, fns, wtr pumps, t. By ryng th DC lnk oltg of VSI, th spd of th BDC motor dr hs n ontrolld whh mploys th rdud snsor wth fundmntl frquny swthng of th VSI to rdu th swthng losss. Also y ompltly lmntng th DB th onduton losss r rdud to lrg xtnt nd nrs th ffny. Th oprtng mods of th onrtr r lso prsntd. Fnlly, th proposd onrtr hs n smultd wth lod rtons t.1 S nd.3 S wth tm of oprton of 1S nd th stsftory rsults hs n otnd. EFEENCES [1]. C..X, Prmnnt gnt Brushlss DC otor Drs nd Controls. Hookn, NJ, USA: Wly, 212. [2]..Gshm Kumr, Dr.S.Tr Klyn, odlng nd Control of PBDC Usng PFC Hlf &Full Brdg Conrtr, Intrntonl Journl of Engnrng nd Innot Thnology, Volum 3, Issu 2, August 213. [3]. S. Sngh nd B. Sngh A powr ftor orrtd PBDC dr for r-ononr usng rdg onrtr, IEEE Trns. Powr Eltron., July 21, pp.1-6. [4]. Vshst Bst, Bhm Sngh, PFC Cuk Conrtr Fd BDC otor Dr, IEEE Trns. Powr Eltron., ol. 3, no. 2, pp , r [5]. Vshst Bst, Bhm Sngh, A B-CSC Conrtr Fd BDC otor Dr wth Powr Ftor Corrton, IEEE Trns. on Industrl Eltron., Vol. 62, no. 1, pp , y 214. [6]. Vshst Bst, Bhm Sngh, An Adjustl-Spd PFC Brdglss Buk Boost Conrtr-Fd BDC otor Dr, IEEE Trns. on Industrl Eltron., Vol. 61, no. 6, pp , Jun 214. [7]. Vshst Bst, Bhm Sngh, A PFC Bsd BDC otor Dr Usng Brdglss Zt Conrtr, IEEE,Industrl Eltrons Soty, pp , No-213. [8]. F..uo nd H.Y, Post output supr lft onrtrs, IEEE Trnston on powr ltrons, Vol.18, No. 1, pp , Jnury 23. [9]. Fng n uo nd Hong Y. Adnd DC/DC Conrtrs. CC Prss 24, ondon, U.K. [1]. A Tskor t l, "odllng of BDC motor wth dl k mf for utomot pplton," Vol II, WCE 211, July 6-8, 211, ondon, U.K. IJE ISSN: Vol. 5 Iss. 5 y