INTRODUCTION... XVII

Transcription

1 INTRODUCTION... XVII CHAPTER ONE: ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS (CHM052B)... 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY OBJECTIVES... 1 REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY... 1 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY... 2 METHODOLOGY... 2 INFORMATION SOURCES... 2 ABOUT THE AUTHOR... 3 RELATED BCC REPORTS... 3 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 3 DISCLAIMER... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 4 TABLE 1 WORLDWIDE REVENUE OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 5 FIGURE 1 WORLDWIDE REVENUE OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS, ($ MILLIONS)... 6 DEFINITIONS... 6 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS... 7 ACTION ON MEMBRANE... 8 DENATURATION OF CELLULAR PROTEINS... 8 INACTIVATION OF KEY ENZYMES... 8 ALKYLATION OF AMINO GROUP... 8 DAMAGE TO NUCLEIC ACIDS... 9 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR DISINFECTANTS... 9 SPEED OF ACTION... 9 EFFICACY... 9 HEALTH AND SAFETY... 9 ECOLOGICAL PROFILE MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACTIVITY OF DISINFECTANTS LENGTH OF TIME AGE CONCENTRATION AND POTENCY TEMPERATURE PH LEVELS HARDNESS OF WATER MICROBIAL RESISTANCE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ACTIVITY OF ANTISEPTICS CONCENTRATION PRESENCE OF ORGANIC MATTER... 12

2 CONTACT TIME MARKET SHARES OF INDUSTRY LEADERS OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS BIGUANIDES AND AMIDINES TABLE 2 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF BIGUANIDES AND AMIDINES, 2010 (%) FIGURE 2 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF BIGUANIDES AND AMIDINES, 2010 (%) PHENOL AND DERIVATIVES TABLE 3 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PHENOL AND DERIVATIVES, 2010 (%) FIGURE 3 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PHENOL AND DERIVATIVES, 2010 (%) IODINE PRODUCTS TABLE 4 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF IODINE PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 4 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF IODINE PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS TABLE 5 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/ SUPPLIERS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 5 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, 2010 (%) SILVER PRODUCTS TABLE 6 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF SILVER PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 6 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF SILVER PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) ALDEHYDES TABLE 7 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ALDEHYDE-BASED PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 7 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ALDEHYDE-BASED PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) ALCOHOLS... 20

3 TABLE 8 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ALCOHOL-BASED PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 8 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ALCOHOL-BASED PRODUCTS, 2010 (%) OXIDIZING AGENTS TABLE 9 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF OXIDIZING AGENTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 9 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF OXIDIZING AGENTS, 2010 (%) OTHERS TABLE 10 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF OTHERS CATEGORY OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 10 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF OTHERS CATEGORY OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS, 2010 (%) CHAPTER TWO: PAINTS AND COATINGS: GLOBAL MARKETS AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (CHM049B) INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE SCOPE OF REPORT INFORMATION SOURCES AUTHOR CREDENTIALS RELATED BCC REPORTS SUMMARY SUMMARY (CONTINUED) TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PAINTS AND COATINGS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PAINTS AND COATINGS, ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LIFE CYCLE COST TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE HISTORY OF PAINTS AND COATINGS... 32

4 HISTORY OF POWDER COATINGS History of Powder Coatings (Continued) GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS EUROPEAN UNION REGULATIONS Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) U.S. REGULATIONS Clean Air Act (CAA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Clean Water Act (CWA) International Standards Organization (ISO) Certification POLLUTION PREVENTION IN COATING APPLICATION PROCESSES TABLE 12 POLLUTION PREVENTION OPTIONS FOR COATINGS PROCESSES MARKETS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPES OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES GLOBAL MARKET FOR COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER THREE: OILFIELD PROCESS CHEMICALS: GLOBAL MARKETS (CHM039B) INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE SCOPE OF REPORT METHODOLOGY INFORMATION SOURCES ANALYST CREDENTIALS RELATED BCC REPORTS SUMMARY SUMMARY (CONTINUED) SUMMARY (CONTINUED) TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR OILFIELD PROCESS CHEMICALS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 VALUE OF OILFIELD PROCESS CHEMICALS BY APPLICATION, 2010 AND 2015 ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW ENERGY DEMANDS VERSUS CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION TABLE 15 FORECAST WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2010 AND 2015 (QUADRILLION BTU)... 53

5 FIGURE 14 FORECAST WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2010 AND 2015 (QUADRILLION BTU) OIL VERSUS NATURAL GAS TABLE 16 WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL TYPE, (%) FIGURE 15 WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, (% BY FUEL) GROWTH FORECAST FOR OILFIELD PROCESS CHEMICALS INDUSTRY SUMMARY CHEMICAL TYPES CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS INDUSTRY BACKGROUND EXPLORATION AND DRILLING Exploration and Drilling (Continued) TABLE 17 DRILLING MUDS AND ADDITIVES CEMENTING TABLE 18 CEMENTING ADDITIVES AND THEIR PURPOSES TABLE 18 (CONTINUED) WORKOVER AND COMPLETION TABLE 19 WORKOVER AND COMPLETION FLUIDS TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) STIMULATION AND PRODUCTION TABLE 20 STIMULATION/PRODUCTION CHEMICALS ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY Enhanced Oil Recovery (Continued) TABLE 21 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS CHAPTER FOUR: HYDROGEN AS A CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND AS AN ENERGY SOURCE (CHM031C) OVERVIEW THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE METHODOLOGY INFORMATION SOURCES ANALYST CREDENTIALS RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS SUMMARY MAJOR FINDINGS MAJOR FINDINGS (CONTINUED) TABLE 22 THE VALUE OF HYDROGEN AS A CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND ENERGY SOURCE, U.S. MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS)... 73

6 FIGURE 16 HYDROGEN AS A CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND ENERGY SOURCE, 2010 AND 2015 ($ BILLIONS) OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH FOCUS APPLICATIONS HISTORICAL CONTEXT TABLE 23 FUEL FLEXIBILITY OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES HYDROGEN TODAY TABLE 24 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DATA, (TRILLION STANDARD CUBIC FEET/YR) NATURAL GAS AND HYDROGEN HYDROGEN COST/BENEFIT EQUATION IN SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF HYDROGEN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TABLE 25 FUNDING FOR THE HYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE, FISCAL YEARS ($ MILLIONS) SUBSIDIES AND TAXES STATE LEVEL INITIATIVES State Level Initiatives (Continued) State Level Initiatives (Continued) FUTURE PROSPECTS INVESTMENT RISK RESEARCH FOCUSES CURRENT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES SAFETY PROFILE, CODES AND STANDARDS COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION COSTS COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN (CONTINUED) TECHNOLOGY STATUS AND PERFORMANCE MANUFACTURING STATUS WORLD PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN TABLE 26 GLOBAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY RAW MATERIAL, 2010 (MILLION MT) CHAPTER FIVE: PETROCHEMICAL (PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL) CATALYSTS: THE U.S. MARKET (CHM027D) INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE SCOPE OF REPORT Scope of Report (Continued) Scope of Report (Continued) METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES AUTHOR CREDENTIALS... 96

7 RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS SUMMARY TABLE 27 ESTIMATE OF U.S. CATALYST MARKETS BY PROCESS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 17 ESTIMATE OF U.S. CATALYST MARKETS BY PROCESS, 2010 AND 2015 ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW CATALYSIS AND CATALYSTS: HISTORY AND BACKGROUND DEFINITION HISTORY PROCESSES Catalyst Makeup HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS Reaction Parameters Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS Advantages Molecular Catalysts Commercial Applications Commercial Applications (Continued) Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis Phase-Transfer Catalysis ACID AND BASE CATALYSIS AND CATALYSTS Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts Homogeneous Acid/Base Catalysts FREE RADICAL CATALYSTS THE PERIODIC TABLE AND TRANSITION ELEMENTS Transition Group Metals TABLE 28 TRANSITION METALS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE TABLE 29 CHEMICAL SYMBOLS FOR COMMON CATALYTIC ELEMENTS CHEMICAL PROCESSING Importance of the U.S. Chemical Industry Types of Catalytic Chemical Reactions Types of Catalytic Chemical (Continued) PETROLEUM REFINING Historical Background Petroleum Refining Processes Petroleum Refining Processes (Continued) Industry Structure Market Leaders The Refining Margin Refining Capacity Importance to the U.S. and World Economies

8 Major Petroleum Products and Applications Major Petroleum Products (Continued) Petroleum Refinery Streams and Products Types of Petroleum Refineries Types of Petroleum (Continued) Refinery Catalytic Processes and Catalysts OTHER APPLICATIONS FOR CATALYSTS Automotive Emission Controls Stationary Source Emissions Control Other Environmental Catalysis CHAPTER SIX: PERFORMANCE FLUORINE CHEMICALS AND POLYMERS (CHM024D) INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT Scope and Format (Continued) Scope and Format (Continued) Scope and Format (Continued) CLASSIFICATION OF FLUOROCHEMICALS CLASSIFICATION OF (CONTINUED) METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES ANALYST CREDENTIALS RELATED BCC REPORTS SUMMARY SUMMARY (CONTINUED) TABLE 30 U.S. OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICAL AND POLYMER MARKETS ESTIMATES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS) FIGURE 18 U.S. OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICAL AND POLYMER MARKETS ESTIMATES, 2010 AND 2015 (MILLION LBS) OVERVIEW OF FLUOROCHEMICALS AND POLYMERS ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 31 HYDROCARBON AND HALOCARBON BOND STRENGTHS TABLE 32 PROPERTIES CONFERRED BY FLUORINE SUBSTITUTION ALIPHATIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS Chlorofluorocarbons Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluoroolefins Common Commercial Uses

9 TABLE 33 COMMON CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS) AND REFRIGERANT MIXTURES TABLE 34 HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AND HCFC-BASED MIXTURES TABLE 34 (CONTINUED) TABLE 35 HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) AND HFC-BASED MIXTURES TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) CFC, HCFC and HFC Nomenclature Major Applications Synthesis of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCS Trifluoroaliphatics Trifluoroaliphatics (Continued) Other Fluoroaliphatics Intermediates Fluorosilanes Carbon Tetrafluoride Perfluoroethane (Hexafluoroethane) Air Products Selectfluor and Deoxo-Fluor AROMATIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS Ring-Substituted Fluoroaromatics Fluorobenzene Other Ring-Substituted Aromatics Side-Chain Substituted Fluoroaromatics INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS WATER FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS Hydrofluosilicic Acid Sodium Silicofluoride Sodium Fluoride TABLE 36 WATER SOLUBILITY OF WATER TREATMENT FLUORIDE CHEMICALS Other Water Fluoridation Chemicals Ammonium Silicofluoride Magnesium Silicofluoride Potassium Fluoride Calcium Fluoride Hydrofluoric Acid Bifluorides INORGANIC DENTAL FLUORIDES FLUOBORON COMPOUNDS Fluoborates Boron Trifluoride Boron Trifluoride Complexes Uncomplexed Boron Trifluoride

10 GASEOUS PERFORMANCE INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS Fluorine Halogen Fluorides Hydrogen Fluoride Nitrogen Trifluoride Nitrogen Trifluoride (Continued) Silicon Tetrafluoride Sulfur Tetrafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride Tungsten Hexafluoride Uranium Hexafluoride OTHER INORGANIC FLUORIDES Cleaners, Dopants and Etchants Others FLUOROPOLYMERS AND FLUOROELASTOMERS FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS TABLE 37 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS Synthetic Routes and Average Properties TABLE 38 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES TABLE 39 AVERAGE PROPERTIES OF FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS TABLE 40 FLUOROPOLYMER PROPERTIES AND THE EFFECTS OF INCREASING FLUORINE CONTENT Processing Other Characteristics Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetrafluoroethylene (Continued) Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) Perfluoroalkyl-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (PFA) Poly-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Other Fluoropolymer Resins Perfluorinated Ion Exchange/Electrolytic Membrane Resins Solid (Dry) Lubricants Safety, Handling, and Regulatory Matters FLUOROELASTOMERS Fluorocarbon Elastomers VF2/HFP (FKM) Fluoroelastomers VF2/HFP/TFE (FKM) Fluoroelastomers

11 TFE/P (FXM) Fluoroelastomers TFE/P/VF2 Advanced Fluoroelastomers Perfluoro (or Perfluorinated) (FFKM) Fluoroelastomers VF2/CTFE (CFM) Fluoroelastomers Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) Elastomers Differences and Applications LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FLUOROPOLYMERS Synthesis of Low MW Fluoropolymers Electrochemical Synthesis Telomerization Oligomerization Functional Fluids Chlorotrifluoroethylene Fluids Perfluorinated Alkyls Perfluorinated Polyether (PFPE) Fluids Fluorosilicones Surfactants TABLE 41 FLUOROSURFACTANT APPLICATIONS Textile Finishing Chemicals Textile Finishing Chemicals (Continued) Chemical Intermediates