Green organic chemistry and its interdisciplinary applications / Vera M. Kolb. Boca Raton [etc.], cop Spis treści

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1 Green organic chemistry and its interdisciplinary applications / Vera M. Kolb. Boca Raton [etc.], cop Spis treści Preface Acknowledgments Author xiii xv xvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry 1 Learning Objectives A Brief History of Green Chemistry Historical Setting for the Emergence of Green Chemistry Emergence and Establishment of Green Chemistry Some Common Descriptions of Green Chemistry Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry 5 Review Questions 6 Answers to Review Questions 7 References 8 Chapter 2 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry 9 Learning Objectives Introduction The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry Principle 1. Waste Prevention Principle 2: Atom Economy Principle 3: Safer Syntheses Principle 4: Safer Products Principle 5: Safer Auxiliaries Principle 6: Energy Efficiency Principle 7: Renewable Feedstocks Principle 8: Derivative Reduction Principle 9: Catalysis Principle 10: Degradability Principle 11: Pollution Prevention Principle 12: Accident Prevention 25 Review Questions 25 Answers to Review Questions 26 References 26 Chapter 3 Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry 27 Learning Objectives About Innovation in General and in Green Chemistry About Thinking in General and for Green Chemistry Innovations 29

2 3.2.1 Deductive Thinking Inductive Thinking Critical Thinking Linear and Nonlinear Thinking Lateral and Vertical Thinking Complex Thinking Conclusion about Thinking That Is Suitable for Green Chemistry Examples of Innovations in Green Chemistry Reactions in Water Reactions in Superheated Water Reactions in Water in Nanomicelles Design of Halogen-Free Firefighting Foam Sources of Examples of Innovation in Green Chemistry 38 Review Questions 38 Answers to Review Questions 39 References 39 Chapter 4 Green Organic Reactions "on Water" 41 Learning Objectives Types of Reactions in Aqueous Medium and Associated Nomenclature Examples of On-Water Reactions Diels-Alder Reaction Passerini Reaction A Sampler of Other "On-Water" Reactions 49 Review Questions 50 Answers to Review Questions 51 References 51 Chapter 5 Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water 53 Learning Objectives About Water: A Brief Review Fundamental Properties of Water Phase Diagram of Water and Associated Terms and Definitions Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium Properties of Superheated Water Innovative Aspects of Using Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium Organic Reactions in Superheated Water: An Overview 58 Review Questions 62 Answers to Review Questions 62 References 63 Chapter 6 Green "Solventless" Organic Reactions 65 Learning Objectives Another Green Chemistry Paradigm Shift: Organic Reactions May Not Need a Solvent to Occur Definition of Solventless Reactions and Related Nomenclature Solventless Reactions Based on the Melting Behavior of Reaction

3 Mixtures: Innovative Aspects of This Method A New Look at the Familiar Concepts of Melting Point and Eutectic Point, and Their Relevant Phase Diagrams Green Chemistry Challenges with Respect to Solventless Reactions Examples of Solventless Reactions 72 Review Questions 72 Answers to Review Questions 73 References 74 Chapter 7 Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State 75 Learning Objectives Solid-State Reactions Other than Those That Occur via the Melted State Solid-State Photochemical Reactions Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Reactions Rearrangement Reactions in the Solid State Synthetic Scope of Solid-State Reactions 79 Review Questions 81 Answers to Review Questions 81 References 82 Chapter 8 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering: Introduction to Sustainability 83 Learning Objectives Engineering and Its Branches Green Engineering and Its 12 Principles Principle 1. Inherent Rather than Circumstantial Principle 2: Prevention Instead of Treatment Principle 3: Design for Separation Principle 4: Maximize Efficiency Principle 5: Output-Pulled versus Input-Pushed Principle 6: Conserve Complexity Principle 7: Durability Rather than Immortality Principle 8: Meet Need, Minimize Excess Principle 9: Minimize Material Diversity Principle 10: Integrate Local Material and Energy Flows Principle 11: Design for Commercial "Afterlife" Principle 12: Renewable Rather than Depleting Comparison of Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Sustainability as Related to Green Engineering The Natural Step Biomimicry Cradle to Cradle Types of Thinking Useful in Green Engineering: Systems and Holistic Thinking Conclusions 100 Review Questions 100 Answers to Review Questions 101

4 References 101 Chapter 9 Chemical Industry and Its Greening: An Overview of Metrics 103 Learning Objectives Introduction: Scope of Chemical Industry and the Objectives of This Chapter Products of Polymer Industry Types of Polymers Affect Polymer Properties Greening of the Chemical Industry Greening the Industrial Production of Polycarbonates Greening Raw Materials for Chemical Industry Enzymes as Green Catalysts Green Chemistry Metrics Summary 117 Review Questions 117 Answers to Review Questions 117 References 120 Chapter 10 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry 123 Learning Objectives Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Industry Often Has Difficulties in Meeting Green Chemistry Goals Synthesis of Phloroglucinol, a Pharmaceutical Intermediate, Is Not Green on Multiple Accounts Requirements for Selectivity in Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals Often Result in Unfavorable Green Chemistry Metrics Greening of the Pharmaceutical Industry Greening the Synthesis of Rabeprazole, an Antiulcer Drug Two Green Syntheses of L -3,4-Dihydroxy- phenylalanine, a Drug for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Some Other Examples of Greening of Pharmaceutical Processes 132 Review Questions 133 Answers to Review Questions 133 References 133 Chapter 11 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry 135 Learning Objectives Application of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry to Analytical Chemistry Green Analytical Chemistry and Its Specialized Green Principles Greening of Analytical Chemistry Greening of Preparative Chromatography Use of Plant Extracts for Metal Ion Determination Green Choices of Instruments by Energy Consumption 139

5 11.4 Summary 140 Review Questions 140 Answers to Review Questions 140 References 141 Chapter 12 Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry 143 Learning Objectives Brief Overview of the Objectives of Environmental Chemistry Relationship between Environmental and Green Chemistry Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Environmental Pollutants Development of Ecofriendly Chemicals in Response to the Findings of Environmental Chemistry 149 Review Questions 150 Answers to Review Questions 151 References 151 Chapter 13 Greening Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiments 153 Learning Objectives Brief Survey of the Literature on Green Organic Laboratory Experiments Selected Methods of Greening Organic Laboratory Experiments 158 Review Questions 164 Answers to Review Questions 165 References 166 Index 169 oprac. BPK

Design for Environment : Green Chemistry Principles for Product Design

Design for Environment : Green Chemistry Principles for Product Design ecologic Technologies Ltd We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive. Transforming industrial