YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP. March 2012 for entry in September 2012 SCIENCE FACULTY 1. Biology, Chemistry, Physics. Your Name: Your School:..

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1 YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP March 2012 for entry in September 2012 SCIENCE FACULTY 1 Biology, Chemistry, Physics Your Name: Your School:.. Time allowed: 1 hour Total marks: 72 Equipment needed: Pen, pencil and ruler. You may use an eraser if needed. Information for candidates: 1. Write your name and school on this page. 2. Write all of your answers on the question papers in the space provided. 3. The marks for each question or part question are indicated in brackets. 4. ANSWER ALL TEN QUESTIONS IN SECTION A AND ONE QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION B

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3 SECTION A (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) ANSWER ALL TEN QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION 1. The graphs show the number of deaths from lung cancer and from tuberculosis of the lungs in England and Wales between 1920 and a. What is the basic relationship between lung cancer and tuberculosis? b. Between which dates on the graph did the number of deaths from lung cancer rise fastest? [2 marks] c. Lung cancer may be caused by cigarette smoking. What substance in cigarette smoke causes lung cancer? 1

4 d. Tuberculosis is a disease of the lungs, can you think of two reasons why the number of deaths due to tuberculosis of the lungs went down during this period? [2 marks] Maximum [6 marks] 2. The diagram shows two forms of a type of moth which rests on trees and is eaten by birds. When large amounts of coal were burned the air was heavily polluted with soot (black particles). a. What could happen to the colour of the tree trunks in a heavily polluted area? b. A survey of dark coloured and light coloured moths was carried out in a polluted area. Moths were collected in the morning, marked on the underside and released. They were then collected again on the same day. The results are shown in the tables below. Table 1 shows the number of moths marked, released and recaptured. Area Number of moths Light coloured Dark coloured unpolluted released recaptured polluted released recaptured

5 Table 2 shows the percentage of moths recaptured in these areas. Area Percentage recaptured Light coloured Dark coloured Unpolluted polluted 53 (i) Calculate the percentage of light coloured moths recaptured in the polluted area. Show your working [2 marks] (ii) Why were the moths marked on the underside rather than on the upperside? (iii) Can you suggest an explanation for the difference in the percentage of light coloured and dark coloured moths recaptured in the unpolluted area? [3 marks] Maximum [7 marks] 3

6 3. The bar chart below shows the results of a survey at a coastal site in Great Britain, into the feeding habits of peregrine falcons. Peregrine falcons are birds of prey. The results show the number of each type of animal killed per 100 by the falcons. a. Which of these animals is the most common in the diet of the peregrine falcons? 4

7 c. What percentage of animals killed were Oystercatchers? Game birds? Mammals? [3 marks] d. Carrier pigeons are often used to carry messages. During the Second World War many falcons were shot. Suggest why falcons were shot. [2 marks] e. Although the number of falcons increased after the war, there was another sharp fall in their numbers in When bodies of falcons were examined it was found that the bodies contained unusually high levels of insecticides used in spraying crops. Using the information given to help you write a food chain starting with a food crop and ending with a falcon. Maximum [7 marks] 5

8 4. A teacher designs a flow chart to show how to find the names of three gases. Complete the flow chart. Add four drops of lime water to a test tube containing the gas The lime water changes. Its appearance becomes The lime water does change. not The gas is Put a burning splint into another test tube containing the gas. The gas burns with a quiet pop. The burning splint burns more brightly. The gas is The gas is [4 marks] 6

9 5. Ruth did an experiment to see how much of three solids, P, Q and R, will dissolve in water at different temperatures. She plotted her results on graph paper as shown below Q number of grams of solid dissolved in 100 cm of water P P Q R 10 0 R temperature (ºC) Use the graph above to answer the questions below. a. At 30 C how many grams of solid R dissolved in the water?... g b. (b) At 60 C which solid dissolved the most in water? Give the letter.... c. Which two solids were equally soluble at 25 C? Give the letters.... and... d. How much Q would dissolve in 1 litre of water at 45 C?. G e. Solubility is often quoted in units of g/cm 3. What is the solubility of R in water at 30 cm 3?. g/cm 3 7

10 f. What is the mass of 1 cm 3 of a solution of Q at 30 o C? Assume that there is no change in volume when the solid dissolves... g Maximum [6 marks] 6. Air is a gas at room temperature. The chemical formulae below show some of the substances in the air. Ar CO2 H2O N2 Ne O2 a. Put these formulae in the correct columns in Table A to show which substances are elements and which are compounds. Table A element compound b. Put the formulae in the correct columns in table B to show whether the formula of each substance represents an atom or a molecule. Table B atom molecule 8

11 c. The coldest possible temperature is absolute zero, which is 273 C. As air is cooled towards absolute zero it liquefies. Table C gives the boiling points of the substances in air. Table C formula Ar CO 2 H 2 O N 2 Ne O 2 boiling point in ºC A sample of air at a temperature close to absolute zero is allowed to warm up. (i) Which substance boils first?... (ii) How many of the substances in the table will be gases at 100 C? d. Each particle of neon can be represented by a circle. Carefully complete the diagrams below to show the arrangement of particles in neon gas and liquid neon. Use circles about in size. neon gas, Ne liquid neon, Ne [4 marks] 9

12 e. Magnesium burns in air giving a very bright light. (i) Complete the word equation below to show this reaction. magnesium [2 marks] The diagram shows four gas jars. Each contains a different gas. Burning magnesium is put into each jar. air exhaled air nitrogen oxygen (ii) In one of the gas jars, the magnesium goes out immediately. Name the gas in this jar.... Explain your answer [2 marks] Maximum [12 marks] 10

13 7. A cyclist and a runner have a race. The distance time graph for the race is shown below distance (m) cyclist runner time(s) Use the graph to answer the following questions. a. (i) How much time did it take the cyclist to travel 100 m?... s (ii) When the cyclist finished the race how far behind was the runner?... m b. The cyclist is travelling at a constant speed between 3 seconds and 6 seconds. How does the graph show this? c. (i) When the race started, a walker set off at a steady speed of 2m/s. Draw a line on the graph to show the distance covered by the walker in the first 15 seconds. Use a ruler. 11

14 (ii) Calculate how much time it will take for the walker to walk 100m s Maximum [5 marks] 8. Sam made a model cat. He mixed modelling powder with water. He poured all of the mixture into a mould. He covered the mould with plastic film so that water could not evaporate. mould plastic film a. (i) After 10 minutes, Sam removed the model cat from the mould. Sam had mixed 40 g of modelling powder with 12 g of water. What was the mass of the model cat?... g (ii) Complete the sentence below using words from the list. gas liquid solid vapour After 10 minutes, the mixture in the mould changed from a... into a... [2 marks] 12

15 b. Sam attached a small magnet to the model cat. The magnet was attracted to the fridge door. fridge door model A N S What metal are magnets made from?... c. Sam made another model, B. He attached a small magnet to model B. (i) Sam placed model A next to model B. The magnets attracted each other. Label the poles on the magnet on model B Use the letters N and S. model A N S model B (ii) Sam then turned the magnet on model A around. What would happen to model B?... [2 marks] Maximum [5 marks] 13

16 9. Pluto was discovered in It was classified as a planet. In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto is not a planet. a. The diagram below shows our solar system. Pluto Neptune Earth Jupiter Sun Venus Mercury Mars Uranus Saturn not to scale (i) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is a planet?... (ii) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is not a planet?... b. The table below shows information about planets in our solar system. planet diameter (km) Mercury 4800 Venus Earth Mars 6800 Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

17 Pluto has a diameter of km. How does this information suggest to scientists that Pluto is not a planet?... c. An object called Charon orbits Pluto. How does the presence of Charon support the idea that Pluto is a planet?... d. The table below shows the composition of the atmosphere of some of the objects in our solar system. object atmosphere Mercury Venus Earth Neptune Earth s moon Titan (a moon) Pluto none mainly carbon dioxide mainly nitrogen and oxygen hydrogen, helium and methane none nitrogen and methane nitrogen and methane Atmosphere is not used to classify objects as moons or planets. Use the information above to suggest a reason for this e. Why do you think scientists found it difficult to decide how Pluto should be classified? Maximum [6 marks] 15

18 10. David uses a falling mass to split wooden logs. The 5 kg mass slides down the rod and hits the metal blade. The force on the blade splits the log. a. To lift the mass David uses energy stored in his muscles. What energy transfer occurs when David s muscles lift the mass? from... energy in his muscles to gravitational potential energy of the mass b. David lifts the mass. The mass gains 50 J of gravitational potential energy. The falling mass changes this energy into kinetic energy. (i) As it falls, what is the maximum amount of energy the mass can change from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy?... J (ii) Not all the gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy as the mass falls. Give one reason for this

19 c. David can use a different blade to split the logs. The diagram below shows two different blades A and B. A B 5kg 5kg force The formula for pressure is: pressure = area Which blade puts more pressure on the log? Write the letter.... Explain your answer in terms of area. Use the formula to help you Maximum [4 marks] 17

20 SECTION B (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) ANSWER ONE QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION B Either: 1. (Biology) or 2. (Chemistry) or 3 (Physics) 1. Above is a diagram of an apparently unhealthy person trying to get fit. a. A balanced diet is essential for a healthy lifestyle, give four detailed pieces of advice that you would offer the man in the cartoon in order for him to improve his general health. [4 marks] b. His best friend s wife tells him that she is three months pregnant and she knows that he has been reading a lot about healthy eating and lifestyle, she asks him to recommend two minerals that she will need to increase in her diet now she is pregnant. Can you specify two minerals that he thinks she should increase her diet over the remaining months of her pregnancy and explain why they are important in each case? 18

21 [4 marks] c. In the diagram of the human digestion system below, can you identify the organ labelled 11 and give one function of this organ? [2 marks] Maximum [10 marks] 19

22 2. Molly used a ph sensor to t test different liquids. She dipped the probe of the sensor into each liquid and recorded the ph value in a table. a. In the table below, tick t one box for each liquid to show s whether it is acidic, neutral or alkaline. One has been done for you. liquid ph value acidic neutral alkaline alcohol 7 dilute hydrochloric acid 2 distilled water vinegar sodium hydroxide solution [2 marks] (i) Between each test Mollyy dipped the probe into distilledd water. Why did she do this?

23 (ii) Which other liquid in the table could Molly use u between tests to have the same effect as distilled water?... b. Molly put a piece of magnesium into a test tube containing 20 cm 3 of vinegar. She put another piece of magnesium into a test tube containing 20 cm 3 of dilute hydrochloric acid. (i) Molly thoughtt that magnesium would react more vigorously with hydrochloric acid than with vinegar. What information in thee table made Molly think this? (ii) How would Molly be able to tell if a more vigorous reaction took place with hydrochloric acid than with vinegar?

24 c. Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. magnesium + hydrochloric acid [2 marks] (i) After some time this reaction stopped. Give two possible reasons why the reaction stopped [2 marks] Maximum [10 marks] 22

25 3. A company has made a new material called Wellwarm. They want to use Wellwarm to make coats. a. A scientist tested Wellwarm to see how well it insulated a beaker of hot water. She tested Wellwarm and three other materials as shown below. material A material B material C material D She wrapped each beaker in a different material. She recorded the temperature at the start and 20 minutes later. (i) What was the independent variable that the scientist changed?... (ii) What was the dependent variable that the scientist measured during the investigation?... (iii) How did she make the test fair? [2 marks] b. The results of the investigation are shown below. time temperature of water ( C) wrapped in (minutes) material A material B material C material D

26 (i) The scientist said that the Wellwarm material is the best insulator. Which material was Wellwarm? Use the results to help you. Tick the correct box. A B C D (ii) Use the evidence in the results table to explain your choice c. The company made a coat from each of the four materials they tested. A person tested the different coats by wearing each one in a cold room. He measured the temperature inside each coat for 30 minutes. Write down two other variables that should be controlled to make this a fair test d. Write down one thing the scientists should do to make sure the person testing the coats is safe.... e. Suggest one advantage of using a temperature sensor and data logger instead of a thermometer in this experiment Maxmimum [10 marks]