YEAR 10 SCIENCE EXAMINATION Semester 2, 2017 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET

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1 STUDENT NAME: TEACHER NAME: DATE: YEAR 10 SCIENCE EXAMINATION Semester 2, 2017 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: Working time for this paper: 10 minutes 1 hour 50 minutes MATERIAL REQUIRED / RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor: - This question and answer booklets - To be provided by the candidate: - Pens, pencils, ruler, eraser IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room. If you have any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor BEFORE reading any further. All ipads and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk. INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES: 1. Read through the paper to familiarise yourself with all of the questions. 2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen for the written answers. Use pencil for drawing the graphs. 3. Write your answers in this booklet. 4. Should you require more space than you have been given please use the spare sheet (at the back of this booklet) and ensure that you include your name and the question / statement to which you are responding. AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION: - Any planning sheets or other pieces of paper MUST be handed in with this booklet. - At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other pieces of paper used.

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3 Instructions to candidates 1. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by the examination rules set down by Kinross College. 2. Answer the questions in the space provided. 3. You must be careful to confine your responses to the specific questions asked and to follow any instructions that are specific to a particular question. 4. A spare page is included at the end of this booklet. It can be used for planning your responses and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer. (a) Planning: If you use the spare page for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the page. If you choose to use lined paper for planning, ensure your name and the title is clearly printed. (b) Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer give the page number. Fill in the number of the question (s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the page. 5. This examination contributes towards your report. If you have any questions, please ask them during the ten-minute reading time. Manage your time wisely. Always provide substantiation (evidence). Make sure that what you have written makes sense. Note: Do not turn the page until you are asked to do so. Mark Allocations Topic Section Marks Chemical Science Multiple Choice /10 Short Answer questions /45 Earth and Space Science Multiple Choice /10 Short Answer questions /45 Total

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5 Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following particles are used in determining the position of an element within the periodic table? a) Protons. b) neutrons. c) electrons. d) protons and neutrons. 2.Compared to particles in a cold substance, particles in a hot substance have more: a) light energy. b) kinetic energy. c) chemical potential energy. d) gravitational potential energy. 3.An element is composed of atoms with.? a) different atomic numbers. b) same mass numbers. c) same atomic numbers. d) different mass numbers. 4. Why does increasing the surface area of a reactant increase the speed of some chemical reactions? a) It increases the density of the reactant particles. b) It increases the concentration of the reactant. c) It alters the electrical conductivity of the reactant particles. d) It exposes more reactant particles to a possible collision. 5.Covalent bonding occurs between: a) metal atoms. b) metal and non-metal atoms. c) non-metal and non-metal atoms. d) molecules and lattices. 6. A substance that can supply or take the place of oxygen in a chemical reaction is known as: a) an oxide. b) an oxate. c) an oxidant. d) a hydroxide. 7.The atomic symbol N refers to the element...? a) Neon. b) Nickel. c) Nitrogen. d) Sodium.

6 8. Complete the equation: acid + metal hydroxide salt + a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. water 9.Nitrogen is in period 2, group 5/15. Which of the following elements would have properties most similar to nitrogen? a) phosphorus (period 3, group 15) b) oxygen (period 2, group 16) c) neon (period 2, group 18) d) sodium (period 3, group 1) 10.A chemical equation shows: a) the chemical formulas of the reactants and the products. b) all the atoms involved in the reaction and how they rearrange into the products. c) all the atoms in the compounds of the reactants, but not the products. d) the names of the reactants and the products in words. Earth and Space Science Multiple Choice Questions. 11. Plants make their own food from CO 2 and water. This process is called: a. Respiration b. Photosynthesis c. Carbon sinking d. Carbonification 12.The energy plants use to make their own food comes from: a. Light b. Heat c. Sound d. Movement 13.When a large star dies, it forms a: a. Red giant b. Nebula c. Black hole d. Singularity

7 14.The light from objects that are moving very quickly away from you seems to change colour to appear more: a. Blue b. Green c. Yellow d. Red 15.The apparent change in colour of the light coming from stars tells us that the universe is: a. Expanding b. Contracting c. Cooling d. Warming 16.Soil salinisation is a form of soil pollution that occurs when soil becomes too: a. Acidic b. Alkaline c. Salty d. Low in oxygen 17.Soil salinisation is caused by a combination of cutting down trees and a. Ploughing b. Adding fertiliser c. Grazing animals d. Irrigation (watering) 18. Which of the following is not considered to be a greenhouse gas? a. Methane b. Carbon dioxide c. Argon d. Nitrogen dioxide 19.El Nino is a weather event that occurs when warm water in the Pacific Ocean moves a. From west to east b. From east to west c. From north to south d. From south to north 20.In Australia, an El Nino year will result in weather that is: a. Very dry b. Very wet c. Very windy d. Very cold

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9 STUDENT NAME: YEAR 9 SEMESTER EXAMINATION Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Circle the letter indicating the best answer. 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D 17 A B C D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D

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11 Chemical Science Short Answer Questions. 1.Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. a) state how many protons would be in the nuclei of magnesium atom. b) state how many electrons would be in a sodium atom. c) state the electron configuration of a magnesium atom when in the ground state. d) draw a diagram of a magnesium atom, displaying the arrangement of electrons in the electron shells. ( = 5 marks). 2. List 5 general properties of metals. a.. b.. c.. d.. e.. Write down any metals you know that don t have the usual metallic properties. (6marks) 3. Look at this information about sodium and chlorine:

12 a. How many protons does an atom of sodium have?. b. How many electrons does an atom of chlorine have?. c. As well as electrons and protons, most atoms contain a third kind of particle, what is its name. d. When sodium forms compound it usually does so as a positive ion with one unit of charge. 1. What change in electron structure occurs when a sodium atom becomes a sodium ion?. 2. What change, if any occur in the nucleus when the ion is formed?. e. When chlorine forms an ionic compound, it gains one electron. What symbol is used to represent the chlorine ion formed in this way?. f. Explain why the formula for the compound formed when sodium and chlorine is NaCl and not NaCl2.. g. Chlorine melts at -110 C and Sodium melts at 801 C, what does this information tell you about the state of each element at room temperature.. (11 marks) 4.A student was trying to extract the metals from lead oxide and aluminium oxide. She heated each oxide with carbon in a fume cupboard: She was able to extract lead from lead oxide but not aluminium from aluminium oxide

13 a. Explain why she was not able to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide (2marks) Complete the word equation for the reaction between laed oxide and carbon... Lead oxide + Carbon (2marks) 5. Some students have studied the reaction between some metals and dilute hydrochloric acid. The metals react with the acid until they cannot be seen. Bubbles of gas are produced during all the reactions; the students know that: a metal + an acid a salt + hydrogen gas. Write a word equation for the reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.. (2marks) Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.. (2marks). 6.The students carried out an investigation to find out whether the concentration of the acid used had any effect on the time taken for the magnesium to react completely. Equal volumes of acid and equal lengths of magnesium ribbon were used in each test. The table below shows a set of results. Concentration of acid / moles per dm³. Time taken for magnesium to react completely in seconds I. Plot the points on a graph to show the time taken for the reaction to finish when different concentrations of acids are used (reaction time up the side, concentration of acid along the bottom. (2marks) II. Finish the graph by drawing the best curve. (1mark)

14 III. Use your graph to help describe how increasing the concentration of acid affects the rate of reaction (1mark). IV. Use your graph to predict the time taken for the relation if the concentration of the acid was 1.0 moles per dm³ (1mark). V. Write down one other factors which could change the rate of this reaction (1marks). VI. Use the idea of particles to explain the effect of changing concentration on rate of reaction (2marks). VII. Finally, one student asked if the class could repeat their experiment using potassium instead of magnesium. The teacher said Definitely not use your knowledge of the reactivity series to explain why the teacher was very wise to say this (2marks).

15 6. This question is based on the use of chemistry to make useful substances. a) Complete the labels A, B and C. _(3 marks) b) What is the main waste gases from the blast furnace? _(1 marks) The following questions are about the blast furnace and the production of iron. c) Why are hot blasts of air blown in to the blast furnace? (1 mark) d) Why is limestone added to the blast furnace? (1 mark) e) Railway lines are welded together using molten iron. The molten iron is made using the 'thermit' reaction where iron oxide is reacted with aluminium powder. Why is this reaction not used to make iron on a large scale? (1 mark)

16 Earth and Space Science Short Answer Questions. 1. Energy from moving sources The diagram below shows an ambulance, with its siren sounding, speeding off to an emergency: Although the siren continually produces the same sound, the pitch of that sound appears to change depending on whether the ambulance is moving towards you or away from you. a. The ambulance is moving away from Zoe and towards Tom. For each of Tom and Zoe, state whether the pitch sounds higher or lower. For Zoe the pitch sounds - For Tom the pitch sounds - (2 marks) b. Explain your answer to part a. You should use the words wavelength, frequency, higher, lower, pitch, stretched and compressed in your answer. You may also draw a diagram to help explain your answer.

17 (8 marks) c. What is the name given to this apparent change in pitch? (1 mark)

18 2. The nitrogen cycle The above diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. Use your knowledge and the information presented in the diagram to complete the following. a. From the diagram, name one process that moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil. (1 mark) b. From the diagram, name one process that moves nitrogen from the soil to the atmosphere. (1 mark)

19 c. A farmer produces 100 tonnes of corn in his field each year. If all the soil bacteria die and he continues to grow corn in the field without adding any fertilisers, what will happen to the amount of corn he produces and why? (3 marks) 3. Water Pollution When either sewage or agricultural run-off pollute waterways, they can cause a problem called eutrophication. a. What is eutrophication? (2 marks) b. Give a detailed account of what happens to a river or lake that has become eutrophic and describe the effect this has on organisms in the water.

20 (7 marks) 4. The Big Bang Theory a. Briefly describe the Big Bang theory (2 marks) b. Scientists believe they have evidence that all the stars in the universe are spreading out and getting further apart. Explain how this evidence supports the Big Bang theory. (3 marks) 5. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming a. Name one greenhouse gas and where it comes from: (2 marks) b. If we could remove all the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, and therefore stop the greenhouse effect, should we (yes or no)? Explain your answer.

21 (3 marks) 6. Investigating Scientifically When the Space Shuttle returns to Earth after a mission it becomes very hot due to air resistance as it re-enters Earth s atmosphere. For this reason, it has a heat resistant material throughout its structure. Scientists wanted to test a new material to use for this purpose. To do this they built a scale model of the space shuttle and tested it in a special wind tunnel where they could alter the air pressure acting on the model to mimic conditions in different areas of the atmosphere. Temperature sensors inside the model allowed them to compare the effectiveness of the new materials they were testing.

22 The graph below shows their results for two materials: a. When they tested material 1 what were the: Independent variable - Dependent variable - (2 marks) b. Name 1 thing, when comparing the 2 materials, which would need to have been kept the same to ensure it was a fair test. (1 mark)

23 c. the graph to predict the temperature for: Material 1 at a pressure of 300mb- Material 2 at a pressure of 500mb- (2 marks) d. Use the graph to predict the pressure when: Material 1 was at a temperature of 110C- Material 2 was at a temperature of 33C- e. Which was the better material at lower air pressures? (2 marks) f. Which material would you choose to line the Space Shuttle? Explain your answer. (1 mark) (2 marks)