History. Concept Definition. Basic

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1 Single replacement reactions, or single displacement reactions, describe reactions in which a more active element replaces a less active element in a compound. Single replacement reactions produce a new compound and an element as products. All single replacement reactions are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. History Explore the discoverer's biography, including general facts about his life and anecdotes regarding how he made this particular discovery. Also see other significant scientific discoveries built largely on this concept and other real-world applications in history that may not still be relevant. Use/Application through History In ancient China, copper was first isolated around 475 BCE. Two hundred years later, methods of producing copper were further advanced. One of the methods included using iron to replace copper from copper sulfate solution: Concept Definition Study the primary definition of this concept, broken into general, basic, and advanced English definitions. Also see the mathematical definition and any requisite background information, such as conditions or previous definitions. General Science An element replaces or displaces another element from a compound. Basic The most common types of single-displacement reactions include: 1 / 6

2 1. A more metallic metal (higher on the metal activity series) displacing another metal in a compound. 2. A metal atom displacing a hydrogen atom in water or an acid. Metal Activity Series Table *Metal Activity Series 2, 3 Metals Note Most Li These metals will replace hydrogen gas from water Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg These metals will replace hydrogen gas from acids Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H 2 Not a metal These Cu metals will not replace hydrogen gas from water or acids Hg 2 / 6

3 Ag Au Least Pt *Based on hydrogen standard Nonmetal Activity Series Table Nonmetal Activity Series 5 Nonmetals Reactivity F 2 Most Cl 2 Br 2 I 2 Least Real World Application Discover processes or disciplines in the natural or man-made worlds that employ the concept. In the steel industry, coke (a kind of coal) is used to replace iron out of ferric oxide. Another example is the Statue of Liberty, which has copper on the outside and iron as inner support. As time goes by, copper starts to react with air and form a verdigris coat; meanwhile, a single replacement reaction between iron and verdigris takes place so that verdigris on the outside is replaced back to copper but the iron support is oxidized and rusted. As a result, the entire inner support of the Statue of Liberty had to be replaced in the 1980s. - Given part of the metal reactivity series: (high) sodium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, gold (low), w Vocabulary Learn important vocabulary for this concept, including words that might appear in assessments (tests, quizzes, homework, etc.) that indicate the use of this concept. Important Vocabulary Term Context Activity 3 / 6

4 Single replacement reactions - Predict the single-replacement reaction when a sample of crystal iodine is added to aqueous pota Videos Browse relevant videos from the Journal of Chemical Education's (JCE) Chemistry Comes Alive! library and other video sources. Thermite Reaction Aluminum with Gold(III) Chloride Copper into Silver Nitrate Zinc into Copper(II) Nitrate Zinc into Silver Nitrate Computer Animations Experience computer simulators or animations that illustrate the concept discussed here. Many simulators or animations come with worksheets for use in class. Classroom Demonstations Investigate lab procedures suitable for live classroom demonstrations or guided student exploration. Demos Limiting Reagent Reaction: Magnesium and Acid Sodium in Water Sample Problems Explore sample problems from the JCE QBank and other sources. Sample Problems 4 / 6

5 Works Cited Review the works cited to write the researched parts of this page, such as the discover's biographical information and other areas. Works Cited "Chemistry-Dictionary.com." Chemistry Dictionary / Glossary! Everyone's Online Source for Chemistry Terms and Definitions. Chemistry-Dictionary.com. Web. 27 Oct (vocabulary definition) Birk, James P. "Chemical Reactions." Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. Advameg, Inc., Web. 27 Oct (reaction type descriptions) IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN Morgan, Stephen L. "Solubility Rules! Guidelines for Chemical Compound Solubility." USC Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry. University of South Carolina. Web. 12 Nov (Solubility Rules) "Reference Tables for Physical Setting/CHEMISTRY." New York Science Teacher. The University of The State of New York, The State Education Department, Web. 12 Nov (Solubility rules, Metal and Nonmetal activity series tables) 5 / 6

6 Raach, John. "Statue of Liberty Facts: July 4th Reopening and More." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines National Geographic News. 2 July Web. 18 Feb (Real World Application) Statue of Liberty Facts: July 4th Reopening and More 6 / 6

Ancient Chinese people heated seashells and then mixed them with plant ash in water. The procedure is highlighted below.

Ancient Chinese people heated seashells and then mixed them with plant ash in water. The procedure is highlighted below. Double-displacement reactions describe reactions in which two or more new products are formed from two molecular reactants. In double-displacement reactions, reactants exchange ions or elements to form