SC10 Chapter 5 Note package!

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1 Name: Block: Date: SC10 Chapter 5 Note package B D A E Reference 1. I can differentiate between acids and bases with respect to chemical formulae and properties 2. I can explain the significance of the ph scale, with reference to common substances. 3. I can identify acids and bases using indicators (e.g., methyl orange, bromthymol blue, litmus, indigo carmine) 4. I can recognize the names and formulae of common acids (e.g., hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, acetic) 5. I can recognize salts with respect to chemical formulae and properties 6. I can recognize metal and non-metal oxides and describe their reaction with water 7. I can define organic compounds and inorganic compounds 8. I can distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds, based on their chemical structures, name or from a diagram or model Chapter 5.1 Chapter 5.1 Chapter 5.1 Chapter 5.1 Chapter 5.2 Chapter 5.2 Chapter 5.3 Chapter 5.3 My estimate based on quizzes and assignments: LG = Mark = % "#$%%$%#& '"(")*+$%#&,--*.+)$/0"1& 23".+)456& Does not demonstrate a basic understanding of concepts. Demonstrates a basic understanding of concepts. Assign by Ms. V LG = Mark = % Demonstrates a solid understanding of concepts. Test result: % Demonstrates a complete and deep understanding of concepts && "#$%%$%#& '"(")*+$%#&,--*.+)$/0"1& 23".+)456& 72992:&;:,'2&& "#"$" %&""#""%" %'""#""(&""#""(""#""('" )"&""#")""#"")'" <2:=2>9,;2&& *" +*",-" --".*".-" /*" /-" 0*" 0-" 1*" 1-" 2**" Note: If you lose this package it is your responsibility to print out a new copy from Ms. Veenstra s webpage: 1 of 8

2 What is acids? Example Chapter 5.1 Notes: Acids and Bases A high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) makes a highly acidic solution. Acids and bases are chemically opposites: (Neutralization reaction) What is a base? Example A high concentration makes a highly acidic solution. Properties Acids Neutral Bases Taste Touch Indicator tests Reaction with metals like Zn and Mg Electrical conductivity ph Production of ions Example 2 of 8

3 What is ph? ph is the low ph = [H+] = concentration of H+ high ph = ph changes from 1 to 6: in [H+] by ph changes from 10 to 8: in [H+] by What are ph indicators? ph indicators are depending on the Example of indicators Methyl orange Methyl red Bromothymol blue Litmus Phenolphthalein Indigo carmine Red Red Yellow Red Colourless Blue Yellow Yellow Blue Blue Pink Yellow Table also in textbook and databooklet Indicators can be a solution or a strip of paper with a dry up solution. Naming Acids Acids Neutral Bases Formula Chemical name Change to (in solution) hydrogen -ide hydrogen -ate hydrogen -ite A special acid: CH Formula in solution Name of acid hydro -ic acid -ic acid -ous acid 3 of 8

4 Data 5.1 Properties of acids and Bases Lab Activity Mg (Observation) Litmus paper (colour) Bromothymo l Blue (colour) Indigo Carmine (colour) Methyl orange (colour) A B C D Analyzing data Mg (Reaction, Y or N? Litmus paper (ph) Bromothymo l Blue (ph) Indigo Carmine (ph) Methyl orange (ph) A B C D Analyzing your Results 1. List the solutions in order from most acidic to least acidic (most basic). 2. Which solution do you think was neutral? Explain how you know. 3. You used two bases. Explain how you know which solution was more alkaline (more basic). 4. How can magnesium metal be used to distinguish between an acid and a base? Ch. 5 Learning Goal 3 I can identify acids and bases using indicators Mark: 4 of 8

5 Chapter 5.1 Notes: Salts and oxides What are salts? Example: acid + base salt + water Tips to recognizing salts: Other reactions forming salt Example: Metals react with acids to produce a salt: Carbonates react with acids to produce salt, water, and CO Example: What are oxides? Metal oxides React with water to form base A chemical compound containing Non-metal oxides A chemical compound containing React with water to form acid 5 of 8

6 Chapter 5.3 Notes: Organic Compounds What are organic Compounds? Any compound containing with the exception of carbonates, carbides, and oxides Most often contain H, N, O, S, P, and the halogens, but other element can also be present. All other compounds are referred to as. Representing organic compounds Shows a single covalent bond H CH4 molecular formula H C H H structural formula ball-and-stick model space-filling model Common organic compounds Hydrocarbons: A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only and Name Molecular formula Structural formula Alcohols: An alcohol is one kind of organic compound that contains Name Molecular formula Structural formula 6 of 8

7 Chapter 5.3 Activity: Building Organic Compounds 1. Work together with a partner 2. Build models to represent the following formulas. Draw the structural diagram to represent them. Remember C always needs four bonds to fill its valence shell. H needs one bond to fill its valence shell. Oxygen needs two bonds to fill its valence shell. Name Molecular formula Structural Formula methane CH ethane C2 ethene C2 propane C3 methanol CH 7 of 8

8 3. Build models representing the following formula. These have more than one way of being put together. Draw the structural formula to represent the models. Molecular formula Structural Formula Structural Formula C4H C5H C3H C3H 8 of 8

5.1. Acids and Doses. Before You Read. Section. Summary. What are acids and bases? What is ph?

5.1. Acids and Doses. Before You Read. Section. Summary. What are acids and bases? What is ph? Acids and Doses Textbook pages 220-233 5.1 Summary Before You Read Many acids and bases can be found in your home. Describe one acid and one base that you are familiar with. Record your answer in the lines