Exp. B Bomb Calorimetry
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1 Exp. B Bomb Calorimetry PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: Bomb Calorimetry:6 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
2 1) What is the recommended mass of analyte to be placed in combustion cup? What may happen if this value is exceeded significantly? 2) Before firing the bomb, the temperature is read a number of times. What is the interval and number of readings suggested for this process? 3) The calorie and the joule are both units of energy. What is the conversion factor to convert calories into joules? The Calorie unit (capital C ) is often used to measure nutritional energy equivalents. How many calories (lower case c ) are there in one Calorie? P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:7
3 Name: Experiment: B Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. BOMB CALORIMETRY: THE ENERGY OF COMBUSTION Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: Bomb Calorimetry:8 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
4 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / Comments: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:9
5 Part A. Calibration Mass of benzoic acid pellet g Starting Temperature (obtained graphically) C Final Temperature (obtained graphically) C Length of wire consumed cm Wire correction J Energy equivalent for the calorimeter Bomb Calorimetry:10 kj/c P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
6 Calibration. Time Temperature Time Temperature P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:11
7 Bomb Calorimetry:12 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
8 Part B. Heat of Combustion Mass of pellet g Starting temperature (from graph) C Final temperature (from graph) C Length of wire consumed cm Wire correction J Energy of combustion of sample kj Energy of combustion per gram of sample kj/g Energy of combustion per mole of sample, ΔE kj/mol P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:13
9 Sample Run. Time Temperature Time Temperature Bomb Calorimetry:14 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
10 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:15
11 1) ) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion, ΔH comb., of the cereal, in kj/mole, from your experimental data. (Note the kj/mole, that implies the molecular weight, assume the cereal is pure carbohydrate, write a balanced equation, and go from there). Strictly you should correct ΔE comb. to ΔH comb., but they turn out to be nearly identical for cereal (why?). Compare your experimental value with a literature value and explain any difference. Quote the reference source. (The latter will be the box in the supermarket if your sample was a cereal). Also, compare the value with glucose. Explain any significant differences from the latter. Bomb Calorimetry:16 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
12 2) List the possible sources of error and their effects in bomb calorimetry. Where applicable, state how the equipment design of the instrument minimizes those errors. P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Bomb Calorimetry:17
13 Exp. C c.m.c. PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Micelles:3
14 1) What important property is possessed by micelle-forming materials? Give the name of the property and describe the structural characteristics. 2) What is the diameter of a typical micelle? How many surfactant molecules will it contain? 3) What is equivalent conductance. Micelles:2 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
15 Name: Experiment: C Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. MICELLES Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: For lab. profs. use only: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Micelles:5
16 Your Mark / Comments: Micelles:2 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
17 Exp. E Partitioning PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips. August 2, 2009 Partition Coefficient : 5
18 1) In this experiment, the acid-base indicator is highly soluble in water at high ph but at low ph it is more soluble in octanol. Why? 2) What species are we measuring by monitoring the absorbance at 508 nm? 3) Why do you need to work in the fume hood for this experiment? P.S.Phillips. August 2, 2009 Partition Coefficient : 6
19 Name: Experiment: E Chemistry 211. Lab. Report Title Page. PARTITION COEFFICIENT FORMAL LAB.: PLEASE ATTACH THIS TO THE FRONT OF THE REPORT Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: P.S.Phillips. August 2, 2009 Partition Coefficient : 7
20 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / 10 Comments: P.S.Phillips. August 2, 2009 Partition Coefficient : 8
21 Exp. H Solution Calorimetry PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Solution Calorimetry:7
22 1) The chart recorder is zeroed on the left side for the glycine part of the experiment and on the right side for the TRIS part of the experiment. Why are the two parts zeroed differently? 2) The temperature change is measured from the plot of temperature vs. time. What point is best to measure T c? Would T c be different at some other point? P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Solution Calorimetry:8
23 Name: Experiment: H Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. HEAT OF SOLUTION FORMAL LAB REPORT. ATTACH THIS COVER PAGE. Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Marker s Name: For lab. profs. use only: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Solution Calorimetry:9
24 Your Mark / Comments: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Solution Calorimetry:10
25 Exp. K Kinetics PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. Manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: June 6, 2008 EXPERIMENT K:1
26 1) Why is the enzyme catalase used as the catalyst in one of the runs rather than iodide? 2) Why does the water level in the two burettes need to be equal when reading the volume change? 3) The rate of production of oxygen gas depends primarily on the decomposition reaction but also on a mechanical aspect of the experimental apparatus. What is this mechanical aspect and why does it influence the rate of gas production? EXPERIMENT K:2 June 6, 2008
27 Name: Experiment: K Chemistry 201. Lab. Report Title Page. RATE OF DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Marker s Name: June 6, 2008 EXPERIMENT K:3
28 For marker s use only: Your Mark / 10 Comments: EXPERIMENT K:4 June 6, 2008
29 Run 1. Time Volume Time Volume Time Volume Time Volume June 6, 2008 EXPERIMENT K:5
30 Run 2. Time Volume Time Volume Time Volume Time Volume Room Temperature: C V i (trial 1): ml Room Pressure: mmhg V i (trial 2): ml EXPERIMENT K:6 June 6, 2008
31 1. Using the data from Run 1 obtain the order of the reaction with respect to H 2 O 2. You will need the value of P o H2O at 25C. C should be in mole.l -1 and time in seconds. (You ll need to add a few sheets of graph paper to these data sheets). 2. From the first few data points in Runs 1 and 2, obtain the values for dc/dt (or d[o 2 ]/dt) and determine an integer value for the order of the reaction with respect to I -. June 6, 2008 EXPERIMENT K:7
32 3. Determine the average rate constant for the reaction at 25C 4. Is the half-life of this reaction independent of the [H 2 O 2 ] for a particular concentration of catalyst? Explain. EXPERIMENT K:8 June 6, 2008
33 Exp. O Osmosis PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Permeability:5
34 1) In this experiment, a plot of ln(v i -m i (t)) vs. t produces a straight line. What quantity can we obtain from the slope of this line? Give the appropriate equations. 2) What is the most important step that should be performed before weighing the dialysis bag? 3) How does Gortex work? (Just for fun). Permeability:6 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
35 Name: Experiment: O Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. OSMOSIS & PERMEABILITY FORMAL LAB.: PLEASE ATTACH THIS TO THE FRONT OF THE REPORT Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: For lab. profs. use only: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Permeability:7
36 Your Mark / Comments: Permeability:8 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
37 Exp. P Phase Diagram PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: Phase Diagram:1 August 2, 2009
38 1) What masses of biphenyl and naphthalene are required to make exactly 10.0 g of 0.75 mole fraction (X) of naphthalene? 2) The heat of fusion is found from the slope of the line obtained by plotting a portion of the cooling curve data. For this graph, what is plotted on the y and x axes? 3) What are the units of the slope from the plot? How do you convert this value into H fus? August 2, 2009 Phase Diagram:2
39 Name: Experiment: P Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. A SIMPLE PHASE DIAGRAM Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: Phase Diagram:3 August 2, 2009
40 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / Comments: August 2, 2009 Phase Diagram:4
41 Run 1. Time Temperature Time Temperature Phase Diagram:5 August 2, 2009
42 Run 2. Time Temperature Time Temperature August 2, 2009 Phase Diagram:6
43 Your data. Weight of diphenyl g Weight of napthalene g Mole fraction(assigned) Mole fraction(actual) Break C C Arrest C C QUESTIONS. 1) From your data determine ΔH fus for both naphthalene and diphenyl and compare with the literature values. Phase Diagram:7 August 2, 2009
44 2) Discuss your cooling curve in terms of the phase rule (just annotate one of your graphs). Use these pages or attach your own graphs. August 2, 2009 Phase Diagram:8
45 Phase Diagram:9 August 2, 2009
46 August 2, 2009 Phase Diagram:10
47 Exp. S Spectrophotometry PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: 02/08/2009 Spectrophotometry:1
48 1) When making a dilution series, what 3 rules should be followed? What may occur if these rules are not followed? 2) What safely precautions are followed when handling and then boiling the solution containing concentrated sulphuric acid in Procedure 1? 3) What function do the persulphate and periodate ions serve in this experiment? Spectrophotometry:2 02/08/2009
49 Name: Experiment: S Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: 02/08/2009 Spectrophotometry:3
50 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / Comments: Spectrophotometry:4 02/08/2009
51 Unknown No. Please attach your own copy of the spectra to the back. Solution Conc. mol/l Abs. at nm Abs. at nm Chromium standard Manganese standard Conc. chromium in unknown Conc. manganese in unknown. 1) Calculate the ε values at each wavelength for the two standards. 02/08/2009 Spectrophotometry:5
52 2) Calculate the concentration of chromium and manganese in the unknown. Spectrophotometry:6 02/08/2009
53 3) Briefly outline your dilution procedure. Mass of potassium dichromate g Conc. of stock 1 mm Conc. of stock 2 mm 4) It might have been more convenient to use 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ml pipettes to prepare the calibration standards. Why don t we use them? 02/08/2009 Spectrophotometry:7
54 5) Are your results consistent with what you know about the composition of steels? 6) Compare the results of procedures I and II and comment. (Compare extinction coeefs.). Attach calibration graph. Spectrophotometry:8 02/08/2009
55 Exp. T Titrimetry PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Titrimetry:5
56 1) What is the ph of a solution of 0.100M HCl? 2) Why does glycine have two pk values? Give the structure and show the two protonation steps that give rise to the two pk values. Titrimetry:6 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
57 Name: Experiment: T Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. ACID-BASE TITRATION FORMAL LAB.: PLEASE ATTACH THIS TO THE FRONT OF THE REPORT Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Titrimetry:7
58 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / Comments: Titrimetry:8 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
59 Exp. W Wine PRELAB: The prelab. must completed prior to the beginning of the lab period and handed in before any lab work may be started. Make sure you read the safety instructions. See the start of the lab. manual for further details. Name: Purpose of experiment (briefly). Please answers the questions overleaf: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Buffering:3
60 1) Define buffer capacity? 2) What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation? Based on the equation, when will ph = pk? How is this related to V e, the equivalence point? Buffering:4 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
61 Name: Experiment: W Chemistry 210 Lab. Report Title Page. BUFFER CAPACITY OF A WINE FORMAL LAB.: PLEASE ATTACH THIS TO THE FRONT OF THE REPORT Date Experiment Performed: Partners Name: Complete and staple one of these sheets (or a copy) to the front of each lab. Do not submit lab. reports in binders or books unless otherwise instructed. Lab. Profs. Name: P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009 Buffering:5
62 For lab. profs. use only: Your Mark / Comments: Buffering:6 P.S.Phillips August 2, 2009
Chemistry 212 THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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