Cosmological and Intrinsic Redshifts. November 19, 2010.

Transcription

1 Csmlgical and Intrinsic Rdshifts Nvmbr 19, 21. Jsé Francisc García Juliá C/ Dr. Marc Mrncian, 65, Valncia (Spain) Abstract In a rcnt articl, a singl tird light mchanism, basd in th intractin btwn lctrmagntic wavs, has bn prpsd fr xplaining bth rdshifts: csmlgical (withut xpansin f th univrs) and intrinsic. A scnd papr spcifis that said intractin wuld b th scattring. This articl is t rinfrc and clarify th whl ida. Ky wrds: csmlgical rdshift, intrinsic rdshift, tird light. 1. Intrductin In th Big Bang thry, th rdshift f th light mittd frm distant galaxis, th scalld csmlgical rdshift, is intrprtd as a Dpplr ffct and thn cnsidrd as an indicatin f th xpansin f th univrs, fllwing th law f Hubbl [1]. Bsids, th s-calld csmic micrwav backgrund radiatin (CMBR) is cnsidrd as a prduct f th Big Bang ( Grat Explsin ), th s-calld Big Bang ch. Hwvr, in a rcnt articl [2], w hav prpsd th ida that th csmlgical rdshift is du t th intractin btwn th light and th CMBR, which wuld b th rsultant prduct f th prcss f missin and absrptin f thrmal radiatin in th univrs, and nt an ch f th Big Bang. In th cas f th intrinsic rdshift, which is th xcss f rdshift f th quasars and th radi galaxis, th light intracts with radi wavs. And all this is cmpatibl with a static univrs with a spac tmpratur f 2.7 ºK. A scnd papr [3] spcifis that said intractin wuld b th scattring. Th purps f this articl is t rinfrc and clarify th whl ida. 2. Th tird light mchanism It is assumd that all bdy with a tmpratur gratr than ºK mits lctrmagntic radiatin in th frm f thrmal radiatin [4]; cnsquntly, w may supps that all bdy mits this typ f radiatin [5]. As all bdy mits th sam quantity f thrmal radiatin than absrbs [4], thr will always b thrmal radiatin in th intrgalactic spac (IGS). Frm th wrks f Eddingtn, Rgnr and Nrnst n th tmpratur f th IGS, that us th law f Stfan-Bltzmann, [6] w dduc that ths prcsss f missin and absrptin f thrmal radiatin prduc a thrmal quilibrium at a 1

2 tmpratur f 2.7 ºK, which crrspnds t th tmpratur f th CMBR. Thrfr, w cnclud that th thrmal radiatin insid f th IGS is th CMBR. Nw, w supps that th light mittd by th csmic light surcs (stars, quasars, galaxis) whn travls in th IGS intracts with th CMBR lsing nrgy. Spcifically, th light pns a linar path (withut any chang f dirctin) thrugh th micrwavs f th CMBR scattring thm. W pstulat that th light lss nrgy in this scattring prcss fllwing an xpnntial law, that is, fllwing a s-calld tird light mchanism. Zwicky cind th cncpt, aftr calld tird light, f that th light wuld ls nrgy (by sm typ f mchanical intractin) in its jurny [7]. In ffct, ur mchanism wuld b similar, frm a quantum mchanical pint f viw, t th radiatin lss by fast lctrns, whr th man nrgy E f an lctrn, with initial nrgy E, aftr having travrsd a lngth x f th mdium, is [8, 9] E x X = E (1) X bing th s-calld radiatin lngth, which is invrsly prprtinal t th dnsity f atms f th mdium. Th quatin (1) is btaind frm th framwrk f rfrnc f th lctrn and cnsidring that this n scattrs lctrmagntic filds. Th fast lctrn ss th lctrmagntic filds f th atms f th mdium lik virtual phtns bcaus its suppsd rlativ spd is v c (whr c is th light spd in vacuum). Th lctrn lss nrgy whn scattrs a virtual phtn bcaus suffrs an invrs Cmptn ffct. Nw, by analgy, w can dduc that (in plac f th lctrn) ur visibl light phtn 2 (acting lik a particl f ffctiv mass h c, whr h is th Planck s cnstant and th frquncy) scattrs (in plac f strams f virtual phtns) micrwavs f th CMBR lsing nrgy fllwing an xpnntial law similar t (1): whr E d ( d ) E( ) is th distanc travrsd in th IGS, t bing th tim, and = (2) d = ct (3) k = (4) u is a radiatin lngth, k bing a cnstant f prprtinality t st and u = nh (5) th nrgy dnsity f th CMBR, whr f vlum. As E = h, thn n = N V is th numbr f micrwavs pr unit 2

3 z bing th rdshift paramtr. Fr z << 1 d ( t) ( ) = (6) ( ) ( t) ( t) And cmparing with th rdshift f Hubbl [1] d z = = 1 (7) d z = (8) vr Hd z = = (9) c c whr v r = Hd and H ar, rspctivly, th law and th cnstant f Hubbl, and v r is th spd f rcssin; w hav that Ntic that frm (4) and (1) c = (1) H c H = u (11) k Nt als that substituting (1) int (7) and sinc ( ) = and ( t) typical rdshift xprssin f th tird light mchanism = w btain th z = = ( H c) d 1 (12) whr and ar th light frquncis mittd and bsrvd, rspctivly. All ths quatins apply t th csmlgical rdshift. Fr th intrinsic rdshift, w knw that a quasar (quasi-stllar radi surc) r a radi galaxy, ar surcs f lctrmagntic radi wavs, hnc insid f a radi surc th light scattrs ths radi wavs lsing nrgy fllwing (2), but nw d and u ar rfrrd t th radi surc. Thus, fr xampl, in th cas f th pair quasar-galaxy NGC 7319 [11], whr th galaxy has a lw rdshift, z =. 225, and th quasar (which is in frnt f th galaxy) G a high rdshift, z = (which is cntrary t th xpansin f th univrs); w wuld hav Q z z =.225 (13) G = IGS 3

4 z z + z = = (14) Q = InsidQ IGS whr bth z IGS and z InsidQ wuld b btaind with (2) but with its crrspnding valus f d and u. Obviusly, th nrgy dnsity f th radi wavs insid f th quasar is much gratr than th nrgy dnsity f th CMBR insid f th IGS. 3. Cnclusin W hav stablishd that: 1) th CMBR is th rsult f th prcsss f missin and absrptin f thrmal radiatin in th univrs, and its tmpratur f 2.7 ºK is infrrd frm th wrks f Eddingtn, Rgnr and Nrnst; and 2) thr is an bvius analgy btwn th radiatin lss by fast lctrns ( v c ) and a tird light mchanism, and that thrfr th light lss nrgy whn scattrs th micrwavs f th CMBR insid f th IGS and th radi wavs insid f th quasars and th radi galaxis, and that this lss f nrgy is xpnntial. In summary, w hav givn, in a vry simpl way, using a singl tird light mchanism, a rasnabl xplanatin f bth rdshifts: csmlgical (withut xpansin f th univrs) and intrinsic. In th first cas, th rdshift is prducd bcaus th light scattrs micrwavs. In th scnd, th scattring is f radi wavs. And all this is cmpatibl with a static univrs with a spac tmpratur f 2.7 ºK. As using this singl tird light mchanism, anthr xplanatin f th rdshift is pssibl and a simpl altrnativ intrprtatin can b gnratd, w think that ur hypthsis shuld b cnsidrd plausibl. Rfrncs [1] E. Hubbl, Prc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1929, 15, 168. [2] Jsé Francisc García Juliá, A Brif and Elmntary Nt n Rdshift, May 26, Prcdings f th Natural Philsphy Allianc Vl. 7, 17th Annual Cnfrnc f th NPA, Jun 21, at Califrnia Stat Univrsity, Lng Bach, pp : [3] Jsé Francisc García Juliá, A Nt f Widning n th Rdshift Mchanism, Jun 23, [4] Francis Wstn Sars, Intrducción a la Trmdinámica, Tría Cinética d ls Gass y Mcánica Estadística, pp. 338 and 345, in Spanish, Rvrté, Barclna, Original ditin, An Intrductin t th Thrmdynamics, th Kintic Thry f Gass, and Statistical Mchanics, Addisn-Wsly, Rading, Massachustts,

5 [5] Arthur Bisr, Cncpts d Física Mdrna, p. 261, in Spanish, Edicins dl Castill, Madrid, Original ditin, Cncpts f Mdrn Physics, McGraw-Hill, [6] A. K. T. Assis and M. C. D. Nvs, Histry f th 2.7 K Tmpratur Prir t Pnzias and Wilsn, Apirn Vl. 2 Nr. 3 July 1995, [7] F. Zwicky, Prc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1929, 15, [8] Emili Sgrè, Núcls y Partículas, p. 74, in Spanish, Rvrté, Barclna, Original ditin, Nucli and Particls, Bnjamin, Nw Yrk, [9] Dnald H. Prkins, Intrductin t High Enrgy Physics, p. 39, Addisn-Wsly, Rading, Massachustts, [1] L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Tría Clásica d ls Camps, p. 486, in Spanish, Rvrté, Barclna, Original ditin by Nauka, Mscw, [11] Pasqual Galianni, E. M. Burbidg, H. Arp, V. Junkkarinn, G. Burbidg and Stfan Zibtti, Th Discvry f a High Rdshift X-Ray Emitting QSO Vry Cls t th Nuclus f NGC 7319, arxiv: astr-ph/49215v1 (24). 5