PAINT ADDITIVES. Product Brochure. Contact us: Your solution partner.

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1 Contact us: Europe UNIQCHEM Germany D Duisburg, Postbox Tel: +49 (0) PAINT ADDITIVES North America UNIQCHEM USA 5350 G STREET, CHINO, CA Tel: us@uniqchem.com Asia UNIQCHEM Shanghai Room 305, B Bldg. No.8, Lane 1305 HuaJinRd, shanghai Tel: +86 (0) asia@uniqchem.com Product Brochure This imformatiom and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, nowarranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any chances according to technological progress or futher developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to product careful inspection and tseting of incoming goods. Perfomance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used. ( Oct 2014 ) Your solution partner

2 INTRODUCTION Uniqchem is founded in UK and consists of a dedicated team of professionals with decades of experiences in R&D, production applications, manufacturing, quality control, technical services and global marketing and sales in the performances coatings and inks industry. Uniqchem is the premier leader in manufacturing and development of innovative high performance specialty chemicals. An extensive range of specialty chemicals for various types of applications complete our offering to the market place. Uniqchem provides high performance specialty chemicals suited for architectural-, industrial-, automotive- coating and printing ink developed in Europe. These additives, due to strong interfacial working, can improve the coatings characteristics and performance of our customers products or production processes. Uniqchem offers a variety of specialty chemicals for coatings industry. We have solutions for water-, solvent- and solvent free systems that enhance the look, feel, and stability of paints including; rheological additives, wetting and dispersing agents, defoamers, flow and leveling agents,slip additives and other performance enhancing additives. Our products UNIQFLOW, UNIQFOAM, UNIQSPERSE, UNIQVIS, UNIQWET and UNIQLIGHT are recognized well known worldwide. We continue to bring new technologies and products to the markets we serve and to work collaboratively with our customers. This focus allows us to strengthen our partnerships and to build on our technical expertise and commitment to the ongoing improvement of our industries.our goal is to be the fastest growing and most competitive supplier of specialty chemical additives in the world. Your solution partner OVERVIEW Nomenclature Defoamers Flow andlevellingagents Wettingand Dispersing agents Light stabilizersandspecialties NOMENCLATURE Defoamers Silicone free defoamers Silicone defoamers Flow and leveling agents Acrylic leveling agents Silicone leveling agents Dispersing agents Polyurethane dispersing agents Acrylic and polyester dispersing agents Low Molecular weight dispersing agents Light Stabilizers Light Stabilizers Curing agents Curing agents Rheology modifiers Rheology modifiers Specialites Specialities Light Stabilizers Light stabilizers S= Solvent Borne W= Water Borne U= Universal

3 UNIQFOAM DEFOAMING TECHNOLOGY In many stages of production, handling and application, air can be incorporated and then finely dispersed into resins, lacquers, and paints. Introduced air or gas will form spherical bubbles in the liquid phase. In pure liquids, foam is not stable. Foam is only stable in systems containing surfactant-like substances such as wetting agents, or certain surface control additives needed to improve important properties of the paint. All these surfactants have in common the fact they can migrate to the air/liquid interface of the paint, thereby reducing the surface tension. CAUSES OF FOAM Foam is a stable dispersion of a gas in a liquid medium that results when a surfactant layer forms around air bubbles and entrains them within it. Air can be incorporated into a coating by: Mixing during the polymer/pigment grinding and let-down steps. Pumping during package filling. Shear or spraying during application. Foam is stabilized by different mechanisms via action of surfactants: Marangoni effects:the bubbles come closer together as a result of the DEFOAMING MECHANISM The principle of inhibiting or destroying foam (defoaming) is generally based on an overcoming of the stabilizing mechanisms. Foam control additives (DEFOAMER) possess properties which are opposite to those needed for foam stabilisation. Foam control additives function by a variety of mechanisms to prevent or rupture foam. Their individual efficiency is determined by 3 key factors: Insolubility in the foaming medium. The insolubility of a DEFOAMER is important for the movement of the DEFOAMER to the lamella. Low surface tension, so that they can be uniformly dispersed throughout the formulation. Ability to penetrate into the foam wall (or lamella). CHOOSING A FOAM CONTROL ADDITIVE Polysiloxanes:Modification of the polysiloxane backbone with fluorine results in the so-called fluoro-silicones known for their very low surface Defoamer enter into the lamella Defoamer Defoamer spread in the lamella Defoamer displace surfactants to fast thinning and collapse the lamella Bubble breakage under critical d < 10 nm tension and strong defoaming properties. For waterborne systems, a wider range of chemical structures can be used due to the generally higher surface tension of these systems. Mineral oil:as opposed to solvent-based systems, the spreading of mineral oils in water-based systems is sufficient to act as a foam control additive. In the presence of hydrophobic particles, the mineral oil acts in addition as carrier for these particles, like hydrophobic silica or metallic soaps. Because of the yellowing of the paint by the use of aromatic mineral oil, aliphatic mineral oil is preferred. Silicone: Both dimethylpolysiloxanes and modified polysiloxanes can be used as foam control agents in water-based systems.an important point to consider is the incorporation of the foam control additive in the paint system. Since they are not soluble in the system, a good distribution of the active substance is necessary. This can be controlled by the mixing speed and time, otherwise craters can be formed or loss of defoaming efficiency is observed. gravitational forces allowing the liquid to flow out of the foam and the lamella to become thinner and thinner.(picture 1) electrostatic repulsion:the presence of ionic surfactant molecules at the surface creates electrostatic repulsion.(picture 2) Gibbs elasticity:the foam lamella exhibits a higher elasticity due to a stretching effect caused by the presence of surfactant molecules. ( picture 1 ) ( picture 1 ) Product Chemistry Dosage Incorporation Solvent Water UNIQFOAM 120S Non-silicone Prior mixing process Strong defoamer, can cause haze in high gloss clear coatings UNIQFOAM 121S Non-silicone Prior mixing process Strong defoamer, can cause haze in high gloss clear coatings UNIQFOAM 130S Non-silicone Prior mixing process Strong defoamer, very suitable for UPE clear coating UNIQFOAM 170S Non-silicone Prior mixing process Suited for UPE, HS coatings like epoxy and 2K PU UNIQFOAM 175S Non-silicone Prior mixing process Suited for OPV, UV and High gloss coatings UNIQFOAM 180W Non-silicone Prior mixing process Levelling and anti-popping additive UNIQFOAM 182W Non-silicone Prior mixing process Defoamer for high gloss coating UNIQFOAM 235S Silicone Any stage Alround defoamer for spray, rolling, brushing and curtail coatings UNIQFOAM 238S Silicone Any stage Suited for top coating UNIQFOAM 240S Silicone Any stage Alround defoamer for spray, rolling, brushing and curtail coatings UNIQFOAM 250W Silicone Dispersing stage Strong high shear stable defoamer for grinding processes UNIQFOAM 265W Silicone Dispersing stage Strong high shear stable defoamer for grinding processes UNIQFOAM 272S Silicone Prior mixing process Very suited for HS epoxy. 2K PU UNIQFOAM 280W Silicone Any stage Defoamer for high gloss coating coating systems UNIQFOAM 282W Silicone Any stage Defoamer for high gloss coating coating systems

4 UNIQFLOW FLOW AND LEVELLING In most cases, superior surface properties can not be achieved without the addition of surface control additives that alter the surface properties of the coating. Depending on the kind of additive used. SURFACE DEFECTS Orange peel : Surface bumpiness or waviness that looks like the skin of an orange. It is often caused by poor levelling and is a common defect in both spray- and roll applied coatings. Benard cells : Hexagonal cells with marked centers produced by circulation in the film caused by gradients of concentration, density and/or temperature. Floating : Benard cell circulation influences color shade and appearance; observed as mottled,blotchy, or streaked appearance of a paint film. Craters:Small bowl-shaped depressions often having drops or bands of material at their centers and raised circular edges in a coating film. Caused by contaminants of lower surface tension. Telegraphing : Flow of paint induced by temperature gradients or contaminant of the substrate surface. CHOOSING A SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVE Polysiloxanes (silicones) have a very high surface activity and therefore are often used as surface control additives. Commercial siliconebased surface control additives are modified by Product Chemistry Solid Content Dosage polyethers, polyesters or alkyl side groups to improve recoatability and intercoat adhesion. Modification parameters are silicone content, molecular weight, and modification degree. Polyacrylate surface control additives based on special designed (meth) acrylic monomers with low surface tension. These additives can improve flow and leveling. Some additives are also effective as air-release agents. Perfluoro-modified polyacrylate can improve flow and leveling, not stabilize the foam,not affect the recoatabilityand can effective reduce surface tension, improve substrate wetting and anti crater. Incorporation Solvent Water UV UNIQFLOW 350W Fluor Modified Acrylate Any stage Anti-crater and levelling UNIQFLOW 360S Fluor Modified polymer Any stage Anti-crater, wetting and levelling UNIQFLOW 361S Fluor Modified polymer Any stage Anti-crater and wetting for high gloss coating Fish eyes : Crater-like holes whose centers which consist of a uniform flat painted region, surrounded by a depression, followed by a ridge of paint. They are caused by un-dispersed fluid or airborne droplets (silicones, water, dried soap, dust, wax, and oil). Large fish eyes can be found individually and small ones are often found in small densely packed clusters. Picture framing (edge crawling) : De-wetting of the applied coating and the appearance of fat edges or picture framing around the edges of a panel or metal part. It is generally caused by increase of surface tension on the edge during drying. Low viscosity increases this phenomenon. Flooding : Surface color is uniform but different to the original one caused by uneven distribution of pigments in the film during drying. Crawling : De-wetting of the applied film from the substrate due to surface tension differentials. UNIQFLOW 372S Fluor Modified Acrylate Any stage All round levelling agent, more polar no haze in clear UNIQFLOW 375S Fluor Modified Acrylate Any stage All round levelling agent UNIQFLOW 376S Fluor Modified Acrylate Any stage suitable for high gloss clear coating UNIQFLOW 377S Fluor Modified Acrylate Any stage All round levelling agent UNIQFLOW 385S Acrylic polymer Any stage Acrylic leveling agent with strong defoaming performances UNIQFLOW 388S Acrylic polymer Any stage Levelling agent for Clear coats UNIQFLOW 392S Acrylic polymer Any stage Acrylic leveling agent with anti popping for baking system UNIQFLOW 400U Modified Siloxane Any stage All round silicone leveling agent UNIQFLOW 416S Modified Siloxane Any stage Very good short wave leveling with good slip performance UNIQFLOW 430S Modified Siloxane Any stage levelling agent with strong air-release properties UNIQFLOW 437S Modified Siloxane Any stage Prevent pinholes, needles, blisters UNIQFLOW 440U Modified Siloxane Any stage Anti-crater and high slip UNIQFLOW 480U Modified Siloxane Any stage Strong surface tension reduction, anti-crater and no slip UNIQFLOW 490U Modified Siloxane Any stage Anti-crater and permanent slip UNIQFLOW 496U Modified Siloxane Any stage Slip and handfeeling,low foam UNIQFLOW 498U Modified Siloxane Any stage Excellent slip and handfeeling

5 UNIQSPERSE DISPERSING TECHNOLOGY By the preparation of colored paint, a good dispersion quality is one of the most difficult factors. The dispersion process consists of converting dry pigments into pigment dispersion, which must be fine and sufficiently stable to achieve the final coloristic properties and stability. This is a complex process there resin, type of pigment, solvents and the use of dispersing agents are playing here an important role. Dispersion Process The dispersion process of a pigment in liquid coatings can be divided into the three processes: Wetting Grinding Stabilization Pigment wetting: The air and moisture covering the pigment is replaced by the resin solution. The solid/gas interface (pigment/air) is transformed into a solid/ liquid interface (pigment/resin solution). Grinding stage: By high shear forces the pigment agglomerates are broken up into smaller units, preferable primary particles. Stabilization: The pigment dispersion is stabilized by dispersing agents in order to prevent the formation of uncontrolled flocculates. The resultant suspension is stabilized due to the adsorption of binder species or molecules at the pigment surface. Stabilizing of Pigment dispersion The pigment dispersion what is achieved in the last step will be used later in the let down system where it should stay stable during storage and later during the application and film formation. There are two principal mechanisms for the stabilization of pigmented dispersions described: Electrostatic stabilization is only working in a water based application. When two particles having the same charges approaching each other will result in a repelling effect. The resulting Coulomb-repulsion of the charged particles allows the system to remain stable. Steric stabilization suited for water and solvent based systems is when Electrostatic stabilization Steric stabilization pigments are sterically stabilized (the surface of the solid particles are completely covered by polymers) making particle-to-particle contact impossible. Strong interactions between polymers and solvents (organic solvent or water) prevent the polymers from coming too closely into contact with one another Dispersants Families In term of chemical structure one can divide dispersing agents into the two following classes: Surfactant dispersants are conventional low molecular weight dispersing agents. Surfactant molecules Product Chemistry Solid Cont Amine Value Acid Value Advantage Surfactants Reduce interfacial tension between the pigment and the resin solution Wetting, reducing dispersing time Good compatibilty with resin Anti flooding and floating Polymeric dispersants Wetting, reducing dipersing time Stabilize pigment,anti flocculation Reduce viscosity Molecular weight 500-2,000 5,000-20,000 Inorganic pigment Organic pigment Dosage(solid on pigment) 0.5-4% 2-30% Solvent Water OEM Ind Wood UNIQSPERSE 510S PU Dispersant Suited for TiO2, inorganic pigments and matting agents UNIQSPERSE 520S PU Dispersant Suited for TiO2, inorganic pigments and matting agents UNIQSPERSE 550S PU Dispersant UNIQSPERSE 560S PU Dispersant 30 8 General Industrial coatings, organic and inorganic pigments Dispersant for high performance requirements like high transparency, jetness UNIQSPERSE 600U PE Dispersant 100 Dispersant for HPP in ink UNIQSPERSE 610S PE Dispersant 40 UNIQSPERSE 615S PE Dispersant 40 8 UNIQSPERSE 690W Block Dispersant Coil, OEM, Refinish and 3C coatings, organic and inorganic pigments. Excellent jetness black Coil, OEM, Refinish and 3C coatings, organic and inorganic pigments. Excellent jetness black Suited for organic and inorganic pigments, excellent compatibility UNIQSPERSE 710S Phosphoric acid Excellent for TiO2, low viscosities UNIQSPERSE 720U Phosphoric acid Excellent for TiO2, low viscosities UNIQSPERSE 740U Salt of unsaturated polyamine amides and acidic polyester are able to modify the properties and, in particular, they lower the interfacial tension between the pigment and the resin solution. Polymeric dispersants stabilize coatings systemsvia a steric stabilization mechanism.they must have specific anchor groups capable of being strongly adsorbed into the particle surface and must contain polymeric chains that give steric stabilization in the required solvent or resin solution system Value in use products for pigments with low viscosity UNIQSPERSE 754S Carboxylic Acid Control flooding dispersant UNIQSPERSE 764S Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Anti flooding dispersant UNIQSPERSE 765S Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Anti flooding dispersant with silicone UNIQSPERSE 770U Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Dispersant for low polarity

6 UNIQVIS LIGHT STABILIZER THEORY Coatings used to beautify and protect base materials must themselves be protected from potentially harmful environmental elements such as heat, oxygen, water and especially light. Although many polymers do not absorb ultraviolet radiation directly, all coatings contain some components that may absorb UV light, initiating oxidative degradation of the polymer. Ultraviolet radiation(the most common source is the sun)can lead to decreased performance and undesirable appearance changes in coatings. Artificial light can cause similar changes. UV radiation can cause harm by breaking down the chemical bonds in a polymer s structure. This degrades the binder and can lead to such changes as cracking, checking, loss of gloss, chalking, pigment fading, Process of photo-oxidation by UV Radiationdelamination or peeling, yellowing, corrosion and loss of physical and protective properties of the coating. This chemical process is photo-oxidation. R'H Step4 ROO ROOH The peroxy radicals attack the polymer backbone(r H) via hydrogen abstraction, forming hydroperoxides and more free radicals. These free radicals again readily react with oxygen in Step 3 to form additional peroxy radicals. Step5 ROOH RO + OH The hydroperoxides, which are very unstable to both UV radiation and heat, fragment and form additional free radicals. As the processes continue, more and more molecular bonds break, leading to a deterioration of the desired coating properties. UV absorbers is to absorb UV light in competition with the chromophores which are part of the polymer backbone to prevent degradation. They are colorless or almost colorless additives, which have a strong absorbability in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. UV absorbers can dissipate light energy as thermal energy. Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers(HALS) is to capture free radicals before subsequent reactions leading to degradation can take place. HALS can impede thermo-oxidation. The polymer contains the HALS will still keep the resistance to photo-degradation even run of the HALS. The explanation for this phenomenon is that HALS oxidation products, such as hydroxyl-amine and aminoether, can inhibit photo-degradation. Hydroxyl-amine and aminoether are all able to capture peroxide free radicals. Photo-oxidation is two distinct processes. The first is photolysis, a complex process occurring in several steps, which involves the absorption of UV radiation, followed by the formation of free radicals due to the breaking of molecular bonds. The second is autoxidation. Here, the free radicals formed during photolysis interact with oxygen to form peroxy radicals. There are five separate steps during photo-oxidation. In the schematic at below, R represent the coating binder or UV absorbing component. Step1 R R* Coating absorbs UV radiation. The energy from the absorbed UV radiation excites the absorbing species(either binder molecules or impurities) and raises them to a higher energy level (R*). These excited state molecules are very reactive and may undergo a wide range of processes. Two common processes are return to the ground state or hemolytic bond cleavage. Step2 R* R If the molecule cannot be brought to its ground state, hemolytic bond cleavage and the formation of free radicals(r?) will occur. O 2 Step3 R ROO The free radicals formed during photolysis readily react with oxygen to form peroxy radicals. This is called autoxidation. Types of light stabilizers There are two types of light stabilizers. One is UV absorber which is to absorb harmful UV light to protect the coating. The other is hindered amine light stabilizer which is to capture free radicals to avoid coating degradation. Product Chemistry Dosage Product Chemistry Dosage solvent water UNIQVIS 840W modified urea 3~10% Prevent drying out of pigment paste UNIQVIS 852S Oxided PE 0.5~2% Excellen anti settling and anti-sag UNIQVIS 880S alkylolammonium salt 0.1~2% General Industrial Wood OEM UNIQLIGHT 992 HALS 0.5~2% Cost effective HALS UNIQLIGHT 923 HALS 0.5~2% Acid system HALS UNIQLIGHT 930 Benzotriazole 1~3% Common used UV absorber UNIQLIGHT 938 Benzotriazole 2~5% Cost effective UV absorber UNIQLIGHT 984 Benzotriazole 1~3% UV absorber for OEM UNIQLIGHT 951 Blend 1~3% Blend light stabilizer UNIQLIGHT 960 Blend 1~3% Blend light stabilizer Increase the Conductivity of Electrostatically Sprayed Solvent-Borne Coatings