RHEOLOGY AG.02/2005 AG0905

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1 RHEOLOGY

2 Rheology Basics TYPES OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR NEWTONIAN FLOW PSEUDOPLASTICITY SHEAR THINNING FLOW (case with Yield Value) THIXOTROPY Yield Value Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Shear Rate. Shear Rate. Shearing at constant shear. Viscosity recovery at rest Time Increased shear does not impact viscosity. Flow starts at a given shear (yield) Increased shear rate induces lower viscosity Multiple viscosity measurements required to have rheology profile At constant shear viscosity drops When shear is stopped viscosity recovers

3 Rheology Basics TYPES OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR SHEAR RATE DEPENDANCE YES NO TIME DEPENDANCE YES NO Plastic Shear Thinning Shear Thickening Viscoplastic Thixotropic Rheopectic (anti-thixo) Newtonian

4 Rheology for paints Applications versus Rheology Profile Viscosity Shear rate

5 Rheology for paints Applications versus Rheology Profile Viscosity Settling Sagging, Levelling Brush, Loading Spreading, Spattering Shear rate Brush drag, Rolling

6 Rheology for paints Viscosity Measurement Flow and levelling Pouring of Liquids Brushing Sagging Gel Strength Rolling Pigment Settling Mixing & Stirring Spraying Shear rate

7 Rheology for paints Viscosity Measurement Flow and levelling Pouring of Liquids Brushing Sagging Gel Strength Rolling Pigment Settling Mixing & Stirring Spraying Brookfield Hoeppler Rotothinner Carri-Med Ford Cup Stormer ICI (Cone & Plate) Haake (Cone & Plate) Capillary Shear rate

8 Thickener Types SYNTHETIC NATURAL DERIVATIVES CONVENTIONAL Polyvinyl alcohol Polyacrylamide Alkali Soluble Emulsion - acrylic - styrene/maleic Polyacrylic acids Cellulose ethers -CMC - MC, HEC, EHEC, etc.. Other polysaccharides Protineacious thickeners ASSOCIATIVE HASE HEUR HM-HEC THIXOTROPY: Clays (Bentonite, Laponite) Titanium chelates

9 Conventional Thickeners CELLULOSIC THICKENERS (Cellulose Ether) ACRYLIC THICKENERS (ASE) (Alkali Soluble Emulsion) O CH 2 OH O OH OH O OH O CH 2 OR' OR" O CH 2 OH O OH OH O COOH ammonia amine hard base COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - ph ~ 3.0 ph ~ 8.0 EFFICIENT VISCOSITY BUILDERS FLOCCULATE MANY LATEX BINDERS AND PIGMENTS RESTRICTING GLOSS DEVELOPMENT AND LEVELLING MICROBIAL DEGRADATION EASY TO FORMULATE WITH RESTRICTING GLOSS DEVELOPMENT AND LEVELLING LIQUID PHASE THICKENING

10 Conventional Thickeners VOLUME RESTRICTION FLOCCULATION Water

11 Conventional Thickeners ASE: COMMERCIAL PRODUCT ACRYSOL ASE-60 ER ASE-60 ER (Log) Viscosity, Pa 250 MBR Acrylic thickener (30% solids) Specifically designed to develop a high level of structure Generally used as a co-thickener Recommended for: - structured paints - settling & sag resistance (Log) Shear Rate, s -1

12 Associative Thickeners HEUR HASE HM-HEC : Hydrophobically modified Ethylene oxide URethane : Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble Emulsion : Hydrophobically Modified HydroxyEthyl Cellulose Nonflocculating - excellent gloss and levelling Easy to manipulate high and low shear rheology Good roller spatter resistance Very formulation dependent - complex interactions

13 Associative Thickeners ASSOCIATIVE THICKENER CONCEPT hydrophobe hydrophilic tail Non-ionic Surfactant hydrophilic Polymer hydrophobes Associative Thickener

14 Associative Thickeners THICKENING MECHANISM OF AT s latex particle flower micelle AT in water AT in a latex polymer

15 Associative Thickeners CONVENTIONAL / ASSOCIATIVE THICKENER IN A LATEX Conventional thickener Associative thickener

16 Associative Thickeners HEUR: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS Acrysol RM-2020 RM-5000 RM-8/825/8W SCT-275 RM-12W (Log) Viscosity Rate of Shear

17 Associative Thickeners HASE (Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble Emulsion) poly (EO) spacer COO Acid copolymer backbone COO Hydrophobe

18 Associative Thickeners HASE and Acrysol DR : COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS DR-72/DR-300 TT-615 (Log) Viscosity DR-73 ER RM-55 TT-935 Rate of Shear

19 Associative Thickeners Acrysol TM Rheology profile at constant mid shear viscosity Low Shear Viscosity HASE RM-12W TT-615 DR-72 ASE-60 TT-935 DR-300 HEUR SCT-275 RM-8W/825 DR-73ER RM-55 High Shear Viscosity RM-5000 RM-2020 ASE New

20 Associative Thickeners KEY INTERACTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE THICKENERS WITH PAINT INGREDIENTS Effect of latex particle size Effect of latex stabilization Interaction with pigments Interaction with dispersants Interaction with surfactants Interaction with solvents

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