Silicone-Adhesive Interactions in Release Liner Applications
|
|
- Phoebe Dennis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 licone-adhesive Interactions in Release Liner Applications George M. rlych, Research & Development Manager, Akrosil, Menasha, WI Introduction Release liners based on silicone (PDMS) chemistry are used extensively in the tape market. Liners serve one or more several useful functions: they are used as a carrier sheet onto which the adhesive is cast; they protect the adhesive during storage and transit; they provide a functional support during die cutting and printing, they carry useful product instructions; and ultimately they release from the adhesive leaving it undamaged. Most importantly, the release material must not compromise the subsequent performance properties of the tape. Several technical parameters need to be met in order to achieve these uses. Basic criteria required for silicone coated release liners are that the release liner surface must be coated uniformly with a continuous layer of silicone and that the silicone layer be well cured. This avoids any interaction that may occur between unreacted silicone species and the adhesive, and it minimizes the possibility of transfer of silicone to the adhesive surface. The level of release also must be adjusted properly, as defined by the customer s end-use requirements, to give consistent release values over time. Finally, the silicone coating must be well anchored to the liner substrate. This is quite important if the liner is not used immediately, but rather is stored for a period of time prior to its use. Prolonged storage of release liners can lead to a degradation of the anchorage of the silicone. This is particularly true with silicones on film substrates, but can occur on paper as well. This paper will discuss aspects of silicone anchorage on paper substrates, and will examine a case study based on a splicing tape application in which the adhesive can affect the anchorage of the silicone. A mechanism to account for the loss of silicone anchorage will be proposed. A Review of licone hemistry licone chemistries used for release coatings can be classified as either thermally cured or radiation cured systems. Thermally cured systems can be classified further according to their curing mechanism as either condensation or addition (hydrosilylation) cure systems. Figure #1 shows the curing reactions of the addition cure chemistry. The primary crosslinking reaction occurs between a vinyl functional silicone polymer and a silicon-hydride functional crosslinker in the presence of a heavy metal catalyst such as Platinum (Pt) or Rhodium (Rh) (see reaction #1). Secondary reactions also occur [1,2] especially when silicone systems are formulated with an excess of crosslinker (). The first of these is the catalyzed hydrolysis of the groups to form silanol (#2). The newly formed silanol group () then catalytically reacts with any remaining groups to form a type of crosslinking via the ~--~ bonds (#3). Finally a condensation reaction of two silanol groups can form a ~--~ linkage (#4). Reaction (1) is referred to as the crosslinking or cure reaction while reactions (2) through (4) are jointly referred to as post-cure reactions, which occur as the material ages after coating. The platinum catalyzed reactions in Eqs. (2) and (3) are slower than the crosslinking reaction
2 (1). Also the silanol condensation reaction (4) is even slower than the reactions (2) and (3). omprehensive reviews of hydrosilylation chemistry can be found in [1,3,4]. licone Adhesion licones by their chemical nature are low surface energy materials. Their low surface energy is due to the low polarity and highly flexible backbone structure. licone release coatings typically have surface energies on the order of about dynes/cm [5]. Because of these reasons, obtaining good anchorage to flexible substrates can present a challenge to release liner producers. licones anchor to substrates via two mechanisms: 1) Mechanical interlocking with a substrate 2) hemical reactions with a substrate Both mechanisms contribute to the anchorage of silicones. Mechanical interlocking occurs when silicones are applied to semi-porous substrates such as paper. licones flow very readily, and can penetrate easily into porous papers creating a mechanical bond. owever, most paper substrates used for siliconizing such as glassine and supercalendered kraft (SK), are designed specifically to keep the silicone coating on the paper surface, and minimize surface penetration. This improves surface coverage and decreases silicone usage. Even with minimal surface penetration, mechanical interlocking still occurs between the silicone and the substrate. Mechanical interlocking however, cannot account exclusively for long-term stable anchorage of silicones. It is the chemical interaction between the silicone coating and the substrate that accounts for the majority of the silicone anchorage. Paper substrates used for siliconizing are chiefly composed of cellulose fibers, the majority of which is derived from wood-based pulps. The two grades of paper mentioned above (i.e. SK, glassine) also contain other ingredients such as sizing agents, which improve resistance to water or ink penetration. These are added directly to the pulp, and are referred to as internal sizes. In addition to the internal size, paper grades also contain surface coatings that are applied later in the paper making process. These surface coatings are referred to as surface sizes and are based mainly on starch, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (M) or combinations thereof. Surface sizes are chiefly used as barrier coatings to decrease the surface penetration of the silicone into the paper and improve surface smoothness. Figure #2 shows the chemical structure of cellulose and the surface-sizing agents mentioned above. When silicones are coated onto paper substrates, the possibility of additional side reactions other than the reactions shown in Figure #1 can occur. ellulose and surface sizing agents contain unreacted - or groups that can react with the silicone crosslinker. Figure #3 illustrated several reactions that can take place between the silicone crosslinker and the paper substrates. It is these side reactions that account for the long-term adhesion of the silicone release coating on paper substrates. Most addition cure silicone systems as illustrated in Figure #1 are formulated with an excess of silicone hydride crosslinker. Typical /-vinyl ratios for these systems are on the order of 1.2:1 to 2:1, thus leaving unreacted species after the primary crosslinking reaction (cure reaction) has occurred. The remaining unreacted groups or groups from the hydrolyzed crosslinker (see reaction 2) can react with the various groups found on the paper surface. A silyl ether linkage is formed between
3 surface groups and residual crosslinker. The functionality of the substrate can form an silyl ester bond and impart silicone anchorage. Although these reactions are slower than the primary curing reaction, they do occur quickly. At speeds used for liner production, the silicone anchorage is firmly established by the time the liner is quality tested. No improvement in silicone anchorage is typically seen over time. Next a case study will be presented that will show that the bond formation between a silicone and a paper substrate can be disrupted due to the effect of an adhesive. ASE Study Repulpable Splicing Tape When adhesive tapes are manufactured, the tape manufacturer typically will cast adhesive directly onto the siliconized liner. The liner acts as a functional support for the adhesive during the curing process. After curing, a face stock is then laminated to the adhesive, creating a pressure sensitive laminate. In some cases however, the release liner is supplied with silicone coating on both sides and after adhesive coating and curing, the adhesive is wound up into a roll. Release liners supplied for this application generally have a tight release silicone on the side that the adhesive will be cast onto, and an easy release on the opposite side, thus making it easier to unwind. Adhesives in this application can be either unsupported or supported with a thin reinforcing layer sandwiched between two adhesive layers. Supported adhesives find application as carton sealing, seam tapes and splicing tapes. A common application where both supported and unsupported adhesives are used is as a paper-splicing tape. Paper splicing tape is used in the paper industry for making flying splices during paper reel changes. Requirements for this product include: 1) The tape must work for splicing different weights of paper during high-speed operation. 2) The tape must bond instantly to paper stock over a wide range of temperature and humidity conditions. 3) The tape typically is colored to allow for easy splice identification splice during subsequent processing. 4) The tape is repulpable per TAPPI UM-213. Recently, a problem was discovered in a commercial grade of paper used in a repulpable paper-splicing tape application. The liner consisted of a 78# bleached SK paper silicone coated on both sides. Both sides use an easy release addition cured silicone system. After an initial screening of release liners, the product was then scaled up to commercial quantities. After adhesive coating, a loss of silicone adhesion was observed by the customer. The failure was characterized by the fact that both silicone release layers rub off easily from the liner surface after storing the adhesive coated rolls for several weeks. Initially, the loss of silicone anchorage was observed on the side onto which the adhesive was cast, but later both sides of the liner showed silicone rub-off. licone anchorage is checked using a digital rub test. A search for the mechanism of failure was undertaken. A combination of surface analysis techniques was employed to investigate the complaint, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). eat aging the silicone/adhesive laminate for one week at 70 o duplicated the rub-off issue. The customer provided adhesive coated samples for analysis. The samples were prepared and stored at two different conditions:
4 1) 6 weeks at 20 o. Room temperature (RT) storage. 2) 1 week at 70 o. Elevated temperature (ET) storage. After storage, the samples were then tested for rub-off and for chemical composition using the methods mentioned above. Three surfaces/interfaces were examined for chemical composition: 1) licone/adhesive. The silicone surface in contact with the adhesive. 2) Adhesive/licone. The adhesive surface in contact with the silicone. 3) Paper/licone interface. The paper surface after silicone removal. In order to examine the paper/silicone interface, the samples were carefully prepared by lightly scraping away the silicone layer to expose the paper/silicone interface. The chemical composition of each of these interfaces is summarized in the Table below. Surface RT Results ET Results licone/adhesive PDMS (Polydimethyl siloxane) PDMS Adhesive/licone PPG (Polypropylene glycol), PDMS PPG (Polypropylene glycol), PDMS Paper/licone PPG PPG For all the samples tested, the materials aged at elevated temperature (ET) exhibited silicone rub-off. No rub-off was seen with any of the room temperature (RT) aged samples. The silicone surface was examined after adhesive removal and was found to be PDMS for both cases with no presence of any contaminates. The adhesive surface was then examined. XPS analysis detected silicone on the adhesive surface: RT = 1.0% (atomic %) and ET = 4.6% (atomic %). It is not uncommon for silicones to show some transfer to an adhesive surface after laminate aging. Typically, even a well-cured silicone system will show some transfer silicone to an adhesive, the percentage of transfer being a function of the aging conditions, chemical composition of the adhesive and the silicone system. More importantly however, was the detection of polypropylene glycol (PPG) on the adhesive, which dominated the surface composition. After scraping to expose the paper/silicone interface, silicone, cellulose and associated elemental species (e.g. sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine) from the base paper, were detected. Surprisingly, adhesive was also found at the paper/silicone interface as characterized by the detection of PPG. In both the RT and ET aged samples, high levels of PPG were detected. This suggests that the PPG component of the adhesive had migrated through the silicone layer and collected at the paper/silicone interface as shown in Figure #4. The presence of PPG at the substrate/silicone interface had formed a weak boundary eventually causing debonding of the silicone layer. After a review of silicone chemistry, a mechanism was proposed for the debonding of the silicone. The silyl ester bond formed from the reaction of groups and could be reversed in the presence of an alcohol at neutral p [6]. This debonding reaction due to the glycol is illustrated in Figure #5. nce glycol has the same functionality as an alcohol, it is proposed that this mechanism accounts for loss of silicone adhesion to the paper substrate.
5 A discussion of the results with the customer indicated that the adhesive could not be reformulated, so therefore the silicone/liner construction needed to be redesigned. Several design parameters were needed: 1) No silicone rub-off after long term aging. 2) An easy release level must be maintained on both sides of the release liner. 3) The liner substrate must remain paper. Two approaches were tried, the first involving a reformulation of the silicone system to prevent migration of the glycol to the paper/silicone interface. Several attempts were made, and it was found that in all cases the glycol component of the adhesive migrated through the silicone layer and caused a debonding of release coating. The second approach involved maximizing the silicone/substrate reactions through reformulation of the silicone system and through manipulation of the manufacturing conditions of the release liner. By careful selection of the polymer, crosslinker and stoichiometry, this approach led to a solution to the problem, even though the presence of glycol was still measured at the interface. NLUSIN Release liners are an integral part in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive tapes. Their use in the adhesive tape industry presents unique challenges for the release liner manufacture. Long-term stability of release liners is fundamental to their successful use in the tape market. Properties such as release stability, and silicone adhesion are critical parameters in the design and manufacture of release liners. Key to this is understanding the chemistry of the release system and the interactions that could take place with liner substrates. Adhesives that contain migratory components can in some cases, cause a loss of adhesion of the silicone release coating. By combining the right selection of silicone polymers, crosslinkers, and by selecting the optimum processing conditions, overcoming the loss in adhesion can be achieved. References [1] Thomas, D.R. (1993). hapter 12. loxane Polymers; S.J. arson, J.A. Semlyen eds. Prentice all, Englewood liffs, NJ. [2] Podoba, A.M., Goldovskii, E.A., Donstov, A.A. (1987) Intern. Polym. Sci. Tech., 14 T/42-45 [3] Marciniec, B.ed. (1992). omprehensive andbook on ydrosilylation, Pergamon Press, Tarrytown, NY. [4] Brook, M.A. (2000). licon in rganic, rganometallic, and Polymer hemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. [5] Duel, L.A., wen, M.J. (1983). J. Adhesion, 16, [6] Private communication with Lori Jones, Dow orning orp.
6 AKNWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank ans Schneiders for his contributions to this article. The author would like to acknowledge SMA Ltd. for their help with XPS and ToF-SIMS analysis, and finally to Lori Jones of Dow orning orp. for her assistance with the chemistry of silicone release systems. Figure #1 Primary Reaction 2 Pt/Rh atalyst 2 2 (1) Polymer rosslinker rosslinked 3D Network Secondary Reactions (Post-ure) 2 Pt/Rh atalyst 2 (2) Residual rosslinker Pt/Rh atalyst 2 (3) Residual rosslinker 2 (4)
7 Figure #2 ellulose Starch Polyvinyl Alcohol 2 2 X Where: X > Y Sodium Alginate Y Na Na Na Na arboxymethyl ellulose (M)
8 Figure #3 Mechanism of Adhesion hemisorption ydroxyl Reactions 2 Paper Surface 2 arboxyl Reactions 2 Paper Surface
9 Figure #4 PSA Glycol found on PSA surface PSA/licone Interface licone Paper Glycol found at silicone/paper interface licone/pape r Interface Figure #5 Proposed Mechanism for Loss of Adhesion R R Paper Surface
10 George M. rlych Biography George M. rlych is the Research and Development Manager at Akrosil in Menasha, WI. Prior to Akrosil he has held previous positions at hampion Paper and Loparex. George has over 15 years experience in the Release Liner industry. George holds a B.S. in hem. Eng. from the University of Illinois and an M.S. in Polymer Science from the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Release coatings: Defining Performance
Release coatings: Defining Performance Igor V. Khudyakov, Michael M. Hawkins, Steven A. Barth, Lisa Y. Winckler Solutia Inc., Performance Films, Fieldale, VA, USA Abstract Films with release coatings are
More informationApplication of Surface Analysis for Root Cause Failure Analysis
Application of Surface Analysis for Root Cause Failure Analysis David A. Cole Evans Analytical Group East Windsor, NJ Specialists in Materials Characterization Outline Introduction X-Ray Photoelectron
More informationCOMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE HIGH TEMPERATURE TESTING METHODS FOR SILICONE PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES
COMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE HIGH TEMPERATURE TESTING METHODS FOR SILICONE PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES Elizabeth Kelley, Senior Chemist, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI Timothy Mitchell, Associate
More informationADVANCEMENTS IN SOLVENTLESS TECHNOLOGY FOR SILICONE PSAs
ADVANCEMENTS IN SLVENTLESS TECHNLGY FR SILICNE PSAs Tim Mitchell, Senior Development Chemist, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI Abstract licone Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) have been used for
More informationSilicon hydrides as water repellents, a lower VOC alternative to alkoxysilanes and alkoxy functional polysiloxanes
ydrophobe VII 7 th International Conference on Water Repellent Treatment and Protective Surface Technology for Building Materials A.Elena Charola and J. Delgado Rodrigues, Editors LNEC (Laboratório Nacional
More informationAFT. Advanced Friction Tester. Static and dynamic coefficient of friction Fast, repeatable measurements Compliant to multiple standards
AFT Advanced Friction Tester Static and dynamic coefficient of friction Fast, repeatable measurements Compliant to multiple standards AFT Advanced Friction Tester VERSATILE INSTRUMENT REPEATABLE MEASUREMENTS
More informationTHE USE OF XPS TO INVESTIGATE THE AGEING MECHANISM OF THE PHENOL-UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (PUF) BINDER COATED MINERAL FIBERS
THE USE OF XPS TO INVESTIGATE THE AGEING MECHANISM OF THE PHENOL-UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (PUF) BINDER COATED MINERAL FIBERS A. Zafar 1*, J. Schjødt-Thomsen 1, R. Sodhi 2, D. de Kubber 3 1 Department of Mechanical
More informationUSE OF RHEOLOGY AS A DEVELOPING AND TROUBLESHOOTING TOOL FOR PSA APPLICATIONS.
USE OF RHEOLOGY AS A DEVELOPING AND TROUBLESHOOTING TOOL FOR PSA APPLICATIONS. Michael DeFrancisis, Applications Engineer, Henkel, Bridgewater, NJ Yayun Liu, Senior Development Scientist, Henkel, Bridgewater,
More informationRelease Liners: The Most Important Trash You ll Ever Buy. by Charles Sheeran
Release Liners: The Most Important Trash You ll Ever Buy. by Charles Sheeran MPI Release 37 East Street, Winchester, MA 01890 Phone: 888-MPI-8088 Fax: 781-729-9093 www.mpirelease.com Abstract If you ve
More informationCase Study of Electronic Materials Packaging with Poor Metal Adhesion and the Process for Performing Root Cause Failure Analysis
Case Study of Electronic Materials Packaging with Poor Metal Adhesion and the Process for Performing Root Cause Failure Analysis Dr. E. A. Leone BACKGRUND ne trend in the electronic packaging industry
More informationReliable Laminating interdependency inks/adhesive. working for you.
Reliable Laminating interdependency inks/adhesive working for you. DIC Technology, Sun Chemical Service DIC is the market leader in Japan on Performance Lamination Adhesives and for adhesives research
More informationA Technical Whitepaper Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry. By Donald J. Keehan Advanced Polymer Coatings Avon, Ohio, USA
A Technical Whitepaper Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry By Donald J. Keehan Advanced Polymer Coatings Avon, Ohio, USA INTRODUCTION Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry To properly understand
More informationIR SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SILICONE CROSS-LINKING
IR SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SILICONE CROSS-LINKING Johanna Hofmann, Junior R&D Manager, Infiana, Forchheim, Germany 1. Introduction Release liners based on silicone chemistry (PDMS) with
More informationNOVEL APPROACHES TO THE TACKIFICATION OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES
NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE TACKIFICATION OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES By: Laura J. Donkus, Dr. William B. Griffith, Melissa A. Lane, and David Keely The Dow Chemical Company, Spring House, PA Introduction
More informationAvery Dennison LW Series Retroreflective Window Sticker Film Issued: July 2013
LW series window stickers are designed to be variable printed for use inside or outside the vehicle. Reflective permit stickers provide easy verification for authenticity. Performance: L-S-300C Table IV
More informationCationic UV Curing Speeding up reactivity 15x with Curalite
Cationic UV Curing Speeding up reactivity 15x with Curalite European Coatings Show, April 5 th 2017 Presented by David Engberg Introduction Background MSc. In Chemical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering
More informationCatalytic bead sensors are used primarily to detect
Chapter 3 Catalytic Combustible Gas Sensors Catalytic bead sensors are used primarily to detect combustible gases. They have been in use for more than 50 years. Initially, these sensors were used for monitoring
More informationSurface and Interface Characterization of Polymer Films
Surface and Interface Characterization of Polymer Films Jeff Shallenberger, Evans Analytical Group 104 Windsor Center Dr., East Windsor NJ Copyright 2013 Evans Analytical Group Outline Introduction to
More informationApplication of surface analysis for root cause failure analysis
Application of surface analysis for root cause failure analysis DAVID A. COLE * Evans Analytical Group, 104 Windsor Center, Suite 101, East Windsor, NJ 08520 1. INTRODUCTION Elucidating the root cause
More informationBasics of Bleaching Chemical Pulps Art J. Ragauskas Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology
Basics of Bleaching Chemical Pulps Art J. Ragauskas Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Definition Chemical treatment to: Increase brightness Improve cleanliness Improve
More informationWe Provide a Variety of Product Ranges Catering for an array of Usage Requirements.
We Provide a Variety of Product Ranges Catering for an array of Usage Requirements. Adhesive/FIXing Function ADSORBENT ADHESIVE SURFACE FUNCTION FUJICOPIAN's Functional Film About FIXFILM is a collective
More informationVINNOL SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW
SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW WACKER markets vinyl chloride copolymers and terpolymers under the trade name surface coating resins. The product range currently contains surface coating resins
More informationThe progress of high temperature vulcanization addition reaction. silicone rubber
The progress of high temperature vulcanization addition reaction silicone rubber Silicone rubber has many unique and excellent features, such as high and low temperature resistance, UV resistance, radiation
More informationStudy Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes
Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes 1. Lipids are good energy-storage molecules because a) the can absorb a large amount of energy while maintaining a constant temperature b)
More information*These are the vinyl for MAX Bepop Cutting/printing machines. We have 100mm (4in) and 200mm(8in) width models available in North America.
The English translation of Bepop standard vinyl (indoor use) technical datasheet 100mm (4in) / 200mm (8in) width Color 100mm(4in) width 200mm(8in) width Black SL-S111N Black SL-S201N Black White SL-S112N
More informationVINYL ACETATE-ETHYLENE (VAE) DISPERSIONS PROVIDE HIGH PERFORMANCE VERSATILE BINDERS FOR A VARIETY OF COATINGS APPLICATIONS
VINYL ACETATE-ETYLENE (VAE) DISPERSIONS PROVIDE IG PERFORMANCE VERSATILE BINDERS FOR A VARIETY OF COATINGS APPLICATIONS Authors: Kevin Merlo, Ricardo Gouvea, Angelita Saul, and Markus Busold Wacker Chemical
More informationInsights on Silane Crosslinking of PE and Tin-free Future
Insights on lane Crosslinking of PE and Tin-free Future Dr. Kerstin Weissenbach Evonik Industries Corp. Piscataway, NJ +1-732-981-5044 kerstin.weissenbach@evonik.com Aristidis Ioannidis Evonik Industries
More informationNOVEL PHENYLETHYNYL IMIDE SILANES AS COUPLING AGENTS FOR TITANIUM ALLOY
NOVEL PHENYLETHYNYL IMIDE SILANES AS OUPLING AGENTS FOR TITANIUM ALLOY. Park*, S. E. Lowther, J. G. Smith Jr., J. W. onnell, P. M. Hergenrother, and T. L. St. lair *National Research ouncil, omposites
More informationPrimer Coatings on Paperboard for Extrusion Coating and Heat Sealing Applications
Primer Coatings on Paperboard for Extrusion Coating and Heat Sealing Applications D Robert Hammond Technical Sales Director Mica Corporation 9 Mountain View Drive Shelton, CT 06484 (203) 922-8888 www.mica-corp.com
More informationA polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer.
1.8 Polymers The General Structure of Polymers A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. Many biological molecules,
More informationDynasylan SIVO 110. Description. Product Information. SIVO SOL Technology for coating systems
Dynasylan SIVO 110 +49-69-218-5656 SIVO SOL Technology for coating systems Description Dynasylan SIVO 110 resembles a multifunctional, basically VOC-free, water-borne sol-gel system. It is composed of
More informationSolving Adhesive Quality Issues: A Proposed Roadmap to The Answer
Solving Adhesive Quality Issues: A Proposed Roadmap to The Answer When dealing with complex problems it is best to take a step-by-step approach. This methodology can aid in the investigation of quality
More informationBAE 820 Physical Principles of Environmental Systems
BAE 820 Physical Principles of Environmental Systems Catalysis of environmental reactions Dr. Zifei Liu Catalysis and catalysts Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation
More informationSPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION
SPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION Pierre Hennaux, Nemesio Martinez-Castro, Jose P. Ruiz, Zhihua Zhang and Michael D. Rhodes Solvay Inc. Centre for Research & Technology-
More informationCREATING TOMORROW S SOLUTIONS HEAT-SEALABLE COATINGS I PRINTING INKS I INDUSTRIAL COATINGS VINNOL SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW
CREATING TOMORROW S SOLUTIONS HEAT-SEALABLE COATINGS I PRINTING INKS I INDUSTRIAL COATINGS VINNOL SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW 1 Viscosity Flexibility Thermal-activation temperature Solubility
More informationAC-829A. Issued on Apr. 15 th 2013 (Version 1.0)
Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. Hitachi Anisotropic Conductive Film ANISOLM AC-829A Issued on Apr. 15 th 2013 (Version 1.0) 1. Standard specification, bonding condition, storage condition and characteristic.....1
More informationVolume # 7 Issue # 8 August 2015 Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August-September 2015 INTERNATIONAL.
Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August 2015 Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August-September 2015 INTERNATIONAL www.eqmaglive.com www.eqmaglive.com Materials Matter For Reliable Performance And Power Output Of
More informationUnderlayment. bonded impact sound insulation
Schlüter -DITRA-SOUND Underlayment 6.3 bonded impact sound insulation Product data sheet Application and Function Schlüter -DITRA-SOUND is a bonded impact sound insulation for tile coverings, made of a
More informationRosin resin dispersions for the package printing industry
Rosin resin dispersions for the package printing industry Dr. M. Eva Ramos 1 Masami Aihara 1, Tony Dallavia 2, Wietze Bakker 3, John Hazen 3, Anton de Krom 1, David Bainbridge 2 1 Lawter BVBA, Kallo, Belgium
More informationTechnical Data Sheet. Pb Free. Specification GR101 SSC. Customer. Rev. 02 January 서식번호 : SSC- QP (Rev.0.
Specification GR101 Pb Free Drawn SSC Approval Customer Approval [ Contents ] 1. Description 2. Absolute maximum ratings 3. Electro-Optical characteristics 4. Characteristic diagrams 5. Reliability result
More informationThe Controlled Evolution of a Polymer Single Crystal
Supporting Online Material The Controlled Evolution of a Polymer Single Crystal Xiaogang Liu, 1 Yi Zhang, 1 Dipak K. Goswami, 2 John S. Okasinski, 2 Khalid Salaita, 1 Peng Sun, 1 Michael J. Bedzyk, 2 Chad
More informationThin Wafer Handling Challenges and Emerging Solutions
1 Thin Wafer Handling Challenges and Emerging Solutions Dr. Shari Farrens, Mr. Pete Bisson, Mr. Sumant Sood and Mr. James Hermanowski SUSS MicroTec, 228 Suss Drive, Waterbury Center, VT 05655, USA 2 Thin
More informationStandard Glossary of Food Contact Material Inks and Coatings Terms
1 Standard Glossary of Food Contact Material Inks and Coatings Terms Acrylic binder Additive Basecoat Binder/ Vehicle Non-reactive Styrene-acrylate-copolymers or pure acrylate polymers as a resin solution
More informationAuthor(s): Dr. Teresa A. Le Sage & Dr. Jane Fry, University of Houston-Victoria Modified by Sean Hillson & Mark Walsh
Instant Snow Author(s): Dr. Teresa A. Le Sage & Dr. Jane Fry, University of Houston-Victoria Modified by Sean Hillson & Mark Walsh Date Created: 2006/2014 Subject: Chemistry Grade Level: K-6 Standards:
More informationFigure 1. Dimension of PSA in face paper laminate
EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE IN PAPER LANIMATES FOR POSTAGE STAMP APPLICATION: METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ADHESIVE CHARACTERIZATION Hailing Yang, Graduate Student,
More informationSpecification YGHR411-H
Specification HR411H Pb Free Drawn SSC Approval Customer Approval [ Contents ] 1. Description 2. Absolute maximum ratings 3. ElectroOptical characteristics 4. Characteristic diagrams 5. Reliability result
More informationName Date Class. aryl halides substitution reaction
23.1 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Section Review Objectives Explain how organic compounds are classified Identify the IUPAC rules for naming halocarbons Describe how halocarbons can be prepared Vocabulary
More informationAN INTEGRATED SYSTEM USING TEMPERATURE BASED SAMPLING FOR POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION
AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM USING TEMPERATURE BASED SAMPLING FOR POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION Paper # 164-8P Pittsburgh Conference 24 T. Wampler, C. Zawodny, L. Mancini CDS Analytical, Inc 465 Limestone Road, Oxford,
More informationInnovative. Technologies. Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives. Dr. Jochen Stock, Laboratory Manager CRL Germany: Neuss, November 27 th, 2013
Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives Dr. Jochen Stock, Laboratory Manager CRL Germany: Neuss, November 27 th, 2013 Innovative Technologies 1 Overview Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives Introduction
More informationASC Fall Conference October 18, 2016
ASC Fall Conference October 18, 2016 NonMigratory Surfactants in Emulsion Polymerization By : Dr. Steven Y. Chan Agenda Introduction Surfactants in Emulsion Polymerization NonMigratory Surfactants (NMS)
More informationLiquid Polybutadienes and Derivatives
Liquid Polybutadienes and Derivatives Coatings & Colorants Product Range Our polyoils and derivatives are stereospecific, lowviscosity and unsaponifiable liquid polybutadienes having a high 1.4-cis double
More informationAbrasion Resistant Anti-Reflective Sol-Gel Coatings. Madeline Rutan Penfield High School. Advisor: Kenneth L. Marshall
Abrasion Resistant Anti-Reflective Sol-Gel Coatings Madeline Rutan Penfield High School Advisor: Kenneth L. Marshall University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics Summer High School Research
More informationChem 263 Nov 7, elimination reaction. There are many reagents that can be used for this reaction. Only three are given in this course:
hem 263 Nov 7, 2013 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes from Alcohols xidation of Alcohols [] must have at least 1 E elimination reaction [] = oxidation; removal of electrons [] = reduction; addition
More informationFlexible Packaging Adhesives The Basics. Larry Jopko Rohm and Haas Company. Abstract
Flexible Packaging Adhesives The Basics Larry Jopko Rohm and Haas Company Abstract Flexible packaging adhesives are predominately based on urethane and acrylic chemistry. Backbone options create unique
More informationmedia), except those of aluminum and calcium
1- Aspirin occurs as white crystals or as a white crystalline powder. 2- It is slightly soluble in water (1:300), soluble in alcohol (1 :5), chloroform (1:17) & ether (1:15). It dissolves easily in glycerin.
More informationLesmahagow High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Chemical Changes & Structure Controlling the Rate
Lesmahagow High School CfE Higher Chemistry Chemical Changes & Structure Controlling the Rate E a Page 1 of 18 Learning Outcomes Controlling the Rate Circle a face to show how much understanding you have
More information1
Process methodologies for temporary thin wafer handling solutions By Justin Furse, Technology Strategist, Brewer Science, Inc. Use of temporary bonding/debonding as part of thin wafer handling processes
More informationRheology, Adhesion, and Debonding of Lightly Cross-linked Polymer Gels
Rheology, Adhesion, and Debonding of Lightly Cross-linked Polymer Gels Nicholas B. Wyatt, and Anne M. Grillet 2 Materials Science and Engineering Division 2 Engineering Sciences Division Sandia National
More informationA New Dielectrophoretic Coating Process for Depositing Thin Uniform Coatings on Films and Fibrous Surfaces
A New Dielectrophoretic Coating Process for Depositing Thin Uniform Coatings on Films and Fibrous Surfaces by Angelo Yializis Ph.D., Xin Dai Ph.D. Sigma Technologies International Tucson, AZ USA SIGMA
More informationInorganic Material chemistry
Inorganic Material chemistry Silicone -Inorganic Polymer Polymer poly + mer many units Basic unit is called repeat unit (monomer) A polymer is a large molecule (macro molecule) composed of repeating structural
More informationFor this lab, you will determine the purity of the aspirin by titration and by spectrophotometric analysis.
Introduction: ommercially prepared aspirin tablets are not considered 100% pure acetylsalicylic acid. Most aspirin tablets contain a small amount of binder which helps prevent the tablets from crumbling.
More informationHighly corrosion resistant organic-inorganic hybrid coatings prepared using the sol-gel process
SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY- UNESP INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY - ARARAQUARA, BRAZIL Highly corrosion resistant organic-inorganic hybrid coatings prepared using the sol-gel process P. Hammer*, F. C. dos Santos,
More information3. The provisions of this rule shall become effective on December 1, 1996.
VENTURA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT RULE 74.19.1 - SCREEN PRINTING OPERATIONS (Adopted 6/11/96, Revised 11/11/03) A. Applicability The provisions of this rule apply to: 1. Any person who uses
More informationA Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector
A Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector Abrasion resistance The ability of the coating membrane to resist mechanical action such as foot traffic and particles, which
More informationNew types of silicone resin open up wider fields of application. By Marco Heuer, Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH.
50 SILICONE RESINS Source: by-studio - Fotolia.com TAKING THE HEAT New types of silicone resin open up wider fields of application. By Marco Heuer, Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH. The properties of the
More informationChemistry *P45044A0128* Pearson Edexcel P45044A
Write your name here Surname ther names Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level entre Number andidate Number hemistry Advanced Unit 4: General Principles of hemistry I Rates, Equilibria and Further
More informationMA Selection Chemistry example test questions. Time: 180 minutes. This test consists of four main questions Main
MA Selection 2019-2020 Chemistry example test questions Time: 180 minutes This test consists of four main questions Main question Maximum Points 1 40 2 30 3 15 4 15 1 Twenty multiple choice questions (2
More informationPlasma polymers can be used to modify the surface chemistries of materials in a controlled fashion (without effecting bulk chemistry).
Plasma polymers can be used to modify the surface chemistries of materials in a controlled fashion (without effecting bulk chemistry). An example used here is the modification of the alumina surface of
More information5484BN/R7DC-AHJB/XR/MS(ELA)
Features High luminous intensity output Oval Shape Well defined spatial radiation Wide viewing angle (2θ 1/2 ) : 110 / 40 UV resistant epoxy The product itself will remain within RoHS compliant version
More informationStandard Glossary of Packaging Inks and Coatings Terms
Standard Glossary of Packaging Inks and Coatings Terms 1 Acrylic binder Additive Basecoat Binder/ Vehicle Non-reactive Styrene-acrylate-copolymers or pure acrylate polymers as a resin solution in water
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION. Si wire growth. Si wires were grown from Si(111) substrate that had a low miscut angle
SUPPORTING INFORMATION The general fabrication process is illustrated in Figure 1. Si wire growth. Si wires were grown from Si(111) substrate that had a low miscut angle of 0.1. The Si was covered with
More informationPolymer Systems and Film Formation Mechanisms in High Solids, Powder, and UV Cure Systems
Polymer Systems and Film Formation Mechanisms in High Solids, Powder, and UV Cure Systems J. Baghdachi, Ph.D. Coatings Research Institute Eastern Michigan University (734) 487-3192 Freshpaint@aol.com jamil.baghdachi@emich.edu
More informationNORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE. Honors Biology I
NOTE/STUDY GUIDE: Unit 1-2, Biochemistry Honors Biology I, Mr. Doc Miller, M.Ed. North Central High School Name: Period: Seat #: Date: NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE Honors Biology I Unit
More informationAlain Dufresne. Nanocellulose. From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials OE GRUYTER
Alain Dufresne Nanocellulose From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials OE GRUYTER Contents Preface - vii 1 Cellulose and potential reinforcement-1 1.1 Polysaccharides-1 1.2 Chemical structure
More informationacetaldehyde (ethanal)
hem 263 Nov 2, 2010 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes from Alkenes zonolysis 1. 3 2. Zn acetone 1. 3 2. Zn acetone acetaldehyde (ethanal) Mechanism: 3 3 3 + - oncerted reaction 3 3 3 + ozonide (explosive)
More informationOverview of Maleic-Anhydride-Grafted Polyolefin Coupling Agents
Overview of Maleic-Anhydride-Grafted Polyolefin Coupling Agents A guide to understanding their uses, benefits, functions, selection, and developments Louis W. Martin, Addcomp North America Inc. Fundamentals
More informationTECHNICAL UPDATE. Ricon Resins Peroxide Curing Data and Use as a Reactive Plasticizer in Polyphenylene Ether Based CCL and PWB
TARGET MARKETS/ APPLICATIONS Copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed wiring [Circuit] boards (PWB) Structural composites Radomes Aerospace applications ADDITIONAL INFO SDS /TDS: Ricon 100, 154, 157, 184,
More informationSPECIFICATION. - Contents -
SPECIFICATION Device Type Model Customer Top View LED S5050RE13A - Contents - 1. Outline Drawing And Dimension 2. Material Informations 3. Feature & Applications 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings 5. Initial
More information2.1. The Main Types of Organic Reactions. Addition, Substitution, and Elimination Reactions
The Main Types of rganic Reactions Figure 2.1(A) shows raw fruit. The crisp, sharp-tasting fruit becomes soft and sweet when it is cooked. Figure 2.1(B) shows a chemist accelerating the tranformation of
More informationRecommended Procedures for Labeling. Labeling Proteins with Amine-Reactive ATTO-Labels (NHS-Esters) Introduction
Recommended Procedures for Labeling Introduction ATTO-TEC offers a large variety of high-quality dyes for labeling amino and thiol groups. ATTO reactive dyes cover the spectral region from 350 nm in the
More informationNew Curing System of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins with Polyhydrazides I.
455 Note [ MokuzaiGakkaishi Vol. 35, No. 5, p. 455-459 (1989) (Original Article)] New Curing System of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins with Polyhydrazides I. Curing with dihydrazide compounds* 1 Bunichiro TOMITA*
More informationImproving Adhesion: Examining the Electrochemistry of Organic Inhibitors
Improving Adhesion: Examining the Electrochemistry of rganic Inhibitors Benefits of rganics Chemisorb onto metallic substrates Complex with metal ions at substrate Neutralize & absorb the corrodents Decrease
More informationTHE CHEMISTRY OF AUTOCATALYTIC PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SHROUD OF TURIN
THE CHEMISTRY OF AUTOCATALYTIC PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SHROUD OF TURIN Abstract R. N. Rogers Fellow University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory 2002 All Rights Reserved Based on the
More informationProductivity. Technician. Maximized. Interpretation Guide
3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Aqua Enterobacteriaceae Count Plate 3M Petrifilm Aqua Yeast and Mold Count Plate Technician Productivity Maximized Interpretation Guide Introducing 3M Petrifilm Aqua Plates
More informationSurface Analytical Techniques for Analysis of Coatings Mary Jane Walzak, Mark Biesinger and Brad Kobe The University of Western Ontario, Surface
Surface Analytical Techniques for Analysis of Coatings Mary Jane Walzak, Mark Biesinger and Brad Kobe The University of Western Ontario, Surface Science Western 999 Collip Circle, Room LL31, London, ON
More informationTitle: Cesa-extend a User Friendly Technology to Enhance Reprocessing and Recycling of Condensation Plastics
GPEC 24 Paper Abstract #52: Title: Cesa-extend a User Friendly Technology to Enhance Reprocessing and Recycling of Condensation Plastics Author(s): V. Karayan, Clariant Masterbatches, and M. Villalobos,
More informationDESIGN OF POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS FOR LOW AND NO VOC APPLICATIONS
DESIGN OF POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS FOR LOW AND NO VOC APPLICATIONS Jeff Norris, Tom Annable, Matt Dunn, Antonio Lopez Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. USA PIGMENT DISPERSION AND STABILIZATION Polymeric dispersants
More informationADDITIVES FOR PAINTS, INKS & COATINGS. Innovative Silicone Specialties
ADDITIVE FOR PAINT, INK & COATING Innovative ilicone pecialties ILICONE ADDITIVE FOR PAINT, INK AND COATING ilicone additives have long been recognized for providing special properties to inks and coatings,
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background In this globalization era, Indonesia as a developing country continue to show rapid growth especially in the construction industry. One type of industry that is
More informationPolymer Reaction Engineering
Polymer Reaction Engineering Polymerization Techniques Bulk Solution Suspension Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization Solid-State Gas-Phase Plasma Polymerization in Supercritical Fluids Bulk Polymerization
More informationLAB I WHAT IS IN IT AND WHY?
LAB I WHAT IS IN IT AND WHY? Study (Pre-Lab) Questions (Complete these BEFORE coming to lab, there will be Study/Pre-Lab Questions for each lab this quarter): 1. Make a list of 3 examples for each of the
More informationAqueous Colloidal Processing and green sheet properties of. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics made by Tape. Casting.
Aqueous Colloidal Processing and green sheet properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics made by Tape Casting. A. Navarro, J.R.Alcock and R.W.Whatmore Nanotechnology Dept, SIMS, Cranfield University,
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY 10/9/17 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is
BIOCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is THE ATOM Just like cells are the basic unit of life, the ATOM is the
More informationHitachi Anisotropic Conductive Film ANISOLM AC-805A. Issued on Apr. 22, 2010
Hitachi Chemical Data Sheet Hitachi Anisotropic Conductive Film ANISOLM AC-85A Issued on Apr. 22, 21 1. Standard specification, bonding condition, storage condition and characteristic....1 2. Precautions
More informationComposite Materials. Fibre-Matrix Interfaces. There is nothing there really except the two of you (or the fiber and matrix).
Composite Materials Fibre-Matrix Interfaces There is nothing there really except the two of you (or the fiber and matrix). Composite Parameters Fibre properties Composite Interfaces Matrix properties Fibre
More informationCreating New Barriers with Graphene
Creating New Barriers with Graphene Authors: Richard Akam, Lynn Chikosha & Tim von Werne Introduction Graphene was first isolated in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at Manchester University.
More information9. Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
9. ydroboration-xidation of Alkenes A. Introduction 1. ydroboration-xidation of Alkenes Alkenes can be oxidized to alcohols using a two-step method of hydroboration followed by oxidation. The first step
More informationSave time by mixing the two solutions below in advance of the activity. You could do this with the participants if you have plenty of time.
CREEPY PUTTY Grades 3 5, 6 8 30 45 minutes DESIGN CHALLENGE Experiment with the properties of materials as you manipulate a Silly Putty-like material to have different degrees of viscoelasticity. Create
More informationSupplementary Information. Rapid Stencil Mask Fabrication Enabled One-Step. Polymer-Free Graphene Patterning and Direct
Supplementary Information Rapid Stencil Mask Fabrication Enabled One-Step Polymer-Free Graphene Patterning and Direct Transfer for Flexible Graphene Devices Keong Yong 1,, Ali Ashraf 1,, Pilgyu Kang 1,
More informationChip tantalum capacitors (Fail-safe open structure type)
TCFG1C6M8R Chip tantalum capacitors (Fail-safe open structure type) TCFG Series Case Features 1) Safety design by open function built - in. 2) Wide capacitance range 3) Screening by thermal shock. Dimensions
More information