1 Ch.4 Test. Notes: Ch. 5.1 (read notes in package) Assignment: Acid/Base Data Booklet wksht Notes - Discuss 1 1.

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1 Ch4 Package Due 1 Ch4 Test DAY OUTLINE KEY TERMS Chanter 5: Acids & Bases Unit 2 Outline Chemistry Ch5 Test 7 Ch5 Hwk Package Due 51, 52_and_5_Assessment Wksht Assignment: p251#1-5,7,8,lo, hydrocarbons 19(a,c,e),20(a,c,e),21,22 Assignment: Ch5 Review p252-25#1,2,5,6,9,11-1,15-18, 5 Notes 9 inorganic compounds 6 5 Quiz 1 1 alcohols 5 51/52 Quiz 8 organic compounds Metal oxides and Non-metal oxides Wksht 7 metal oxides Assignment: Recognizing Acids, Bases and Salts Wksht 6 non-metal oxides 4 52 Notes 5 salts Acid/Base Lab (Due next class) Notes - 4 ph 1 Acid Read Acid/Base Lab in preparation for tomorrow 2 Base Assignment: Names & Formulae of Acids & Bases Wksht Indicators Discuss Assignment: Acid/Base Data Booklet wksht Notes: Ch 51 (read notes in package) Name:

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4 6 Non-metal oxides 7 Metal oxides 8 Organic compounds 9 Inorganic compounds, 10 Hydrocarbons 11 Alcohols

5 Instead, 1 51 Acids and Bases Acids and bases are very common Acids and bases can be very dangerous and corrosive! NEVER try to identify an acid or base by taste or touch! ph Scale The strength of acids and bases is measured on the ph scale ph below 7 = acidic ph 7 = neutral ph above 7 = basic Each Acids Neutral Bases decrease of 1 on the ph scale indicates lox more acidic For example, ph 4 is ten times more acidic than ph 5 ph is l000x more acidic than ph6 ph Indicators Acids The ph ofacids and bases cannot be determined by sight or ph is measured by other chemicals called indicators, by a ph meter that measures the electrical conductivity ofthe solution using electrical probes to measure how solutions conduct electricity ph indicators change colour based on the solution they are placed in Litmus paper is the most common indictor Two colours oflitmus paper: Blue basic (>7) and Red = acidic (<7) If you know a compound s chemical formula, you may be able to identify it as an acid Acids Therefore, often behave like acids only when dissolved in water acids are often written with subscript (aq) = aquatic = water The chemical formula of an acid usually starts with Hydrogen (H) Acids with a carbon usually have the C written first HC1(aq) hydrochloric acid, HNO CHCOOH(a& acetic acid (a& nitric acid,

6 - acidity hydrogen nutrd1 high S S - S 2 Naming Acids Bases Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen ic acid (aq) hydrogen fluoride = hydrofluoric acid + -ide H2CO(a& _ Hydro = ic + -ate carbonate = carbonic acid + -ite = ous acid acid H2SO(aq, hydrogen suiphite = suiphurous acid If you know a compound s chemical formula, you may be able to identify it as a base Bases, Therefore, like acids, often behave like bases only when dissolved in water bases are often written with subscript (aqj = aquatic = water The chemical formula of a base usually ends with hydroxide (-011) Examples of common bases: 2(a, 2(a&,NH NaOH(a&, Mg(OH) Ca(OH) 4OH(a& S S Production of Ions Acids and bases can conduct electricity because they release ions in solution Acids Bases release hydrogen ions, 11 (a& release hydroxide ions 0H(a& - bsidty The ph of a solution refers to the concentration of ions it has Square A brackets are used to signify concentration, IflT-T L (aq)i L (aq) High [W(a&1 low ph, very acidic High [OW(a&1 _ ph, very basic solution cannot have BOTH high [W(a&] and [0H(a&1 they cancel each other out and form water This process is called neutralization H +OH- H0 (aq) (aq) 2 (

7 a) acid: a) millc d) c) soap f) Name: Science 10 Block: 51 Acid/Base Data Booklet Worksheet Date: Assignment Use your data book to answer the following questions 1 For each of the following, write the corresponding ph values: b) base: c) neutral: 2 What color is litmus paper in an acidic solution? What color is bromothymol blue at the following ph levels? a) ph5: b) ph7: c) ph9: 4 Solution A has a ph of Solution B has a ph of 6 a) Which solution is more acidic? b) How many times more acidic is it? 5 Complete the following chart: Indicator Red litmus paper Color at ph 1 Color at p11 7 Color at ph 10 Blue litmus paper 6 Ifmethyl red is ORANGE what is the ph range ofyour solution? 7 Ifbromthymol blue is YELLOW and methyl orange is YELLOW what range is you ph solution? 8 What color will phenolphthalein be ifplaced in a bleach solution? 9 Write the ph value you would expect for each ofthe following items: grapes b) lemons e) water baking soda

8 Name: Block: Date: Science Names & Formulae of Acids & Bases 1 a) How can you recognize an acid by its chemical fonnula? b) Which acid is an exception to this rule? 2 Complete the following table of acids The first row has been completed as an example Name of Substance Chemical Formula Name of Acid a) hydrogen sulphide H2S hydrosulphuric acid b) H2C0 c) phosphoric acid d) hydrogen chlorate e) sulphurous acid f) CHCOOH g) hydrogen iodide, How can you recognize a base by its chemical formula? 4 Complete the following table of acids and bases Indicate whether each compound is an acid or a base Name of Substance Chemical Formula Acid or Base? a) hydrochloric acid HC1 Acid b) NaOH c) hydrogen nitrate d) magnesium hydroxide e) chiorous acid f) NII 4OH

9 Name: Block: Date: Science Testin2 for Acids and Bases Lab Abstract: By the 1500 s alchemists recognized a certain group ofsubstances that had a sour taste They called this group of substances acids, from the Latin word acidus, meaning sour Acids were known to react with some metals By 1 800, early chemists knew that the reaction of an acid with certain metals would produce hydrogen gas Today chemists define an acid as any compound that: turns blue litmus paper red tastes sour reacts with some metals to produce hydrogen conducts electricity when dissolved in water Early scientists also recognized another group of compounds that they called alkalis They made alkalis by dissolving such materials as wood ashes or seaweed in water and then evaporating the liquid These compounds were used both as cleaning agents and to make other cleaning agents, such as soap The alkalis are now called bases A base is a compound that: turns red litmus paper blue has a bitter taste feels slippery conducts electricity when dissolved in water When a base solution reacts with an acid solution, a third type of compound results This compound often has a salt-like taste Evaporating the liquid in such a solution yields a solid crystalline substance, which early chemists called an earth Modem chemists call this compound a salt Table salt and bath salts are common examples of salts In ancient times, the most common salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), or table salt, was used to purchase slaves and to pay Roman soldiers When there was no refrigeration, salt was used to preserve foods Humans have used salt for at least 5000 years as a food preservative Not all compounds are acids, bases, or salts Common table sugar may look like table salt, but it is not a salt and cannot be made by mixing an acid and a base Nevertheless, this grouping of compounds (acids, bases, and salts) is still used today to classify many ofthe compounds in chemistry Acids and bases can be distinguished from one another by the colour they turn certain indicators, such as litmus paper, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein Purpose: Part 1 : To observe the behavior of acids and bases when they are added to various types of indicators Part 2: To identify the six unknown solutions as acids or bases or salts

10 Materials: Blotting plate Phenolphthalein solution Bromothymol blue solution Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper Known acid solution Known base solution Set of six unknown solutions Procedure: Part 1 : Characterization of Acids and Bases 1 Put on safety goggles and an apron 2 Place two to three drops ofphenolphthalein indicator in one ofthe dips ofthe blotting plate Add a drop ofknown acid solution and record your observations in your table 4 Place two to three drops ofbromothymol blue indicator in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 5 Add a drop ofknown acid solution and record your observations in your data table 6 Place a small piece ofred litmus paper in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 7 Add a drop ofknown acid solution and record your observations in your table 8 Place a small piece ofblue litmus paper in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 9 Add a drop ofknown acid solution and record your observations in your table 10 Repeat steps 2 to 9 using the known base solution instead ofthe known acid solution Part 2: Unknown Solutions ofacids and Bases 1 Place two to three drops ofphenolphthalein indicator in one of the dips of the blotting plate 2 Add a drop ofunknown solution A and record your observations in your table Place two to three drops ofbromothymol blue indicator in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 4 Add a drop ofunknown solution A and record your observations in your data table 5 Place a small piece ofred litmus paper in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 6 Add a drop of unknown solution A and record your observations in your table 7 Place a small piece ofblue litmus paper in one ofthe other dips ofthe blotting plate 8 Add a drop ofunknown solution A and record your observations in your table 9 Repeat steps 1 to 8 using unknown solutions B through F 1 0 Rinse off all glassware used, return all materials to their proper locations, and wipe down your lab area All waste solutions may go down the sink with plenty of fresh water Any spent litmus paper must be placed in the garbage

11 Behavior - ph SCALE baking oven stomach lemon grapes tomatoes bananas milk water eggs soda soap ammonia bleach cleaner [H] I! Is1 Methyl Orange Methyl Red Bromihymol Blue Litmus Phendphthaleln Indigo Carmine ot I I {0H], 4 6 P 1 10 l ! -- : Acidic Neutral Basic I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I YELLOW I :z: RED _- COLOURLESS I t I I I I I I j 4-- YELLOW LOW Observations: Part 1 : Characterization of Acids and Bases Table 1 - ofacids and Bases in Various Inducators In an acid Colour In a base Phenolphthalein Bromothymol blue Red litmus Blue Litmus

12 Behavior Part 2: Unknown Solutions ofacids and Bases Table 2 of Unknown Solutions in Various Indicators Chemical Indicators Unknown Phenolphthalein Bromothymol Blue Litmus Red Litmus Solution Blue A B C D E F Questions 1 What does an acid do to phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, blue litmus, and red litmus? 2 What does a base do to phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, blue litmus, and red litmus? If there is no change in an indicator, what conclusion can you draw? 4 Which solutions are acids and which are bases? 5 Explain how you decided which solutions were acids and which were bases 6 Other than using indicators to differentiate between acids and bases, what other type of experiment can you do to find out which solutions are acids and which are bases? Conclusion Which ofthe unknown solutions you tested were acids and which were bases?

13 , to produce a Example: + -* + 52 Salts Note Outline are ionic compounds formed when acids & bases react OR when oxides or carbonates react with acids OR when metals react with acids Table salt, (NaC1) is only one kind of salt: is found in seawater, salt lakes or rock deposits Salts are found in many things: in and many Acid-Base Neutralization: reactions occur when an and a react and Example: acid base salt water Metal oxides: Example: Na2O() + H20(1) > 2NaOH(acij Non-Metal Oxides: Example: SO2(g) + H20(1) + H25O(aq) are formed from the burning of fossil fuels water in the atmosphere + non-metal oxides Acids and Metals The most reactive metals, at the bottom of groups 1 and 2, react vigorously with and All other metals are reactive than those in groups 1 and 2 When metals do react with acids, is usually released Acids and Carbonates Carbonates ( ) neutralize protecting locations with natural carbonate supplies from acid precipitation (like at the Cheam Wetlands!!!) H25O4(aaj + CaCO(s) + CaSO4() + H20(1) + C02(g),,

14 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited 5ection 5 2 Salts MHR 91 1 State whether each of the following is an acid, a base, or a salt Recognizing odds, salts bases, and Use with textbook pages Section 5 2 Name Date Comprehension (a) HI (I) AI (b) HBr (m) CHCOOH (c) KOH (n) Mg(CH (d) HNO COO) 2 (e) NaOH (p) sodium chloride 2 What acid is present in vinegar? What is the chemical name for table salt? 7 What acid is produced in the stomach to help digest food? 6 What base is the active ingredient in some antacids? 4 What acid is used in automobile batteries? 5 What base is found in drain and oven cleaners? (k) Ca(OH) (I) Na (f) H2S0 2(SO) 2 (v) magnesium carbonate (1) Sr(OH) 2 (u) aluminum hydroxide PO4 (t) hypochiorous acid (h) HP0 4 (s) barium hydroxide (g) H2C0 (r) hydrogen fluoride 4 (q) hydrocyanic acid (0) calcium nitrate

15 (c) NO2 (g) CIO Analyzing Name Date Information Use wfth textbook pages 27 Section 52 Metal oxides and non-metal oxides 1 What element reacts with a metal or a non-metal to form an oxide? 2 What is a chemical compound that contains a metal chemically combined with oxygen? What is a chemical compound that contains a non-metal chemically combined with oxygen? 4 What happens to a solution when a metal oxide dissolves in water? 5 What happens to a solution when a non-metal oxide dissolves in water? 6 What is formed when a metal oxide reacts with water? 7 What is formed when a non-metal oxide reacts with water? 8 Classify each of the following as a metal oxide or a non-metal oxide (a) Na 20 (e) SO2 (b) B20 (f) BeO (d) CaO (h) Li 20 9 Indicate whether an acid or a base will be produced (a) MgO + (b) 50 + H20 H2O (c) CaO + H20 - (d) CO2 + H McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 52 Salts MHR 9

16 7OH) Alcohols: butane (C4H alcohol (CH 1O), and pentane(c5h12) Why Carbon? repeats about 5000 K2HçHU 1 CH4 some don t and backbone, or chain, with 2),CH CH(CH poasciurn citrate Inorganic Not Containing Carbon co Co A1 5 Organic Compounds Note Outline are very good are generally very (they dissolve other substances) are organic compounds with an group off of the carbon chain organic compounds that contains only Hydrocarbons: chemical bonding possibilities than other elements and Ithas Long chains of carbon can form Organic (H CHOH ethanol (an atcoho) CHLCOOH henzoic add (an organk acid) poiyflhyiene (a plastic) where :; 1) 5000 nd the CN unit Examples: Hydrocarbons The All atoms added on the sides simplest hydrocarbons are methane (CH at room temperature 4), ethane (C2H6), propane(ch8), are based on a hydrocarbons are and most are which allows for more / Organic Must Contiin Carbon Inorganic Containing Carn rnethine (a hydrocarbon) CaCO, NCO (carbonates) (an organic salt) CH c%fte1ne ta stmu1ant) ( NH)1SO PBi The Alcohols Alcohols simplest alcohols are methanol (CHOH), ethanol (C2H 5OH) and isopropyl 1 (oxides) c SIC (carbides) Organic compounds contain and usually sounds like the compounds come from living things, but some do, and

17 Use with textbook pages on contact 5 C number of hydrogen 6 ph indicator ions in a specific 7 of volume of solution hydrogen D a chemical compound that produces a solu tion with a ph less than 7 II can conduct electricity measuring how acidic or basic a solution is that produces a solution with a ph greater than 7 changes colour depending on the ph of the solution it is Ill produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in solution A I and II only B I and ifi only D I, II, and ifi? used only once Acids and bases 9 What happens to the number of H after A it increases B it decreases D HNO A KC1 B HBr D hypochiorous acid B HS0 A B 45 4 AHS C LiOH C H2S0 C 65 4 is added to water? H2S0 DH2S0 4 Assessment 88 MHR Section 5 1 Acids and Bases 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Name Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right Each Descriptor may be Term Descriptor 1 A a solution with a ph 2 of 7 B can burn skin or eyes 4 ph scale E a number scale for F a chemical compound G a chemical that placed_in I has a ph of less than 7 C II and III only sulphurous acid? methyl orange to turn yellow and methyl red to turn red? were tested with various ph indicators? C it stays the same 1 0 Which of the following is a base? 1 1 What is the name for HC1O A chioric acid B chlorous acid C perchioric acid 1 2 What is the chemical formula for 1 What is the ph of a substance that causes 1 4 Which of the following would occur if eggs I indigo carmine turns blue II phenolphthalein turns pink Ill bromothymol blue turns blue A I and II only B I and ifi only C II and ifi only D I, II, and III 8 Which of the following describes acids? D 8

18 Name Date Assessment Section 5 2 Use with textbook pages Salts Match the Term on the left with the best Chemical Formula on the right Each Chemical Formula may be used only once Term 1 water A H20 2 a salt B NO a base C MgCI 4 an acid D Na 5 a metal oxide E H2C0 6 a non-metal F NH4OH oxide Chemical Formula Which of the following metals is most reactive? A copper B sodium C francium D magnesium 8 When non-metal oxides dissolve in water, the solution becomes A basic B acidic C neutral 9 Carbon dioxide forms which of the following in water? ACO 2 B C0 C HC0 D H2C0 10 What coefficient is needed for sodium hydroxide in order to balance the following equation? H2S0 4 + NaOH -* Na Al B 2 C D 4 2SO4 + H Hydrochloric acid can be used to neutralize potassium hydroxide What is the formula for the salt produced by this neutralization? A H20 B KC1 2 C KC1O D KC1O 4 in a 1 2 Which reactants form the salt FePO neutralization reaction? A P andfe B HP and Fe(OH) C H20 and Fe(OH) 4 and Fe(OH) D HP0 Use the following acid-base neutralization reaction to answer question 1 H2C0 + Ba(OH) 2 -> BaCO + 2H20 1 Which of the following statements is true? I H2C0 II Ill is an acid BaCO A I and II only B I and III only is a base C II and Ill only D I, II, and ifi The products of this reaction are a salt and water 94 MHR Section 52 Salts 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

19 A carbon A HC10 D c model I I I I I I Br Br H I I I I I I I I H H H 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 5 Organic Compounds MHR 101 A I and II only CH4? formula Name Date on the left with the best Formula I Model that Using the compound ethane, match the Descriptor V Organic compounds Use wfth textbook pages Which of the following represents an AH H alcohol? Assessment D CHCH2CH2CH2CH CCHCH2CH2COOH D hydrogen C chlorine B CHCOOH B oxygen organic compound? 5 What element must always be present in an 6 Which formula represents a hydrocarbon? model H H formula I I 4 ball-and-stick 2 mo!ecular B H H space-filling i I 1 structural A C2H6 HCCH Descriptor Formula I Model Model may be used only once represents ethane on the right Each Formula I D 1, II, and ifi B I and ifi only C II and Ill only HCOH 8 Which of the following represents methane, H C C C C OH D H H H H I II Ill H HCCCH C H H H HCCH B H H