Soft Matter. Polymers, Colloids, Liquid Crystals, Nanoparticles and Hybrid Organic- Inorganic Materials Systems.
|
|
- Darleen Richards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 3.063 Polymer Physics Spring 007 Viewpoint: somewhat more general than just polymers: Soft Matter Polymers, Colloids, Liquid Crystals, Nanoparticles and ybrid rganic- Inorganic Materials Systems. Reference: Young and Lovell, Introduction to Polymer Science (recommended) Demos and Lab Experiences: Molecular Structural Characterization (DSC, GPC, TGA, Xray, AFM, TEM, SEM ) and Mechanical & ptical Characterization
2 Course Info eltweb.mit.edu/ course website: notes, hmwks Eric Verploegen Ms. Juliette Braun ffice hours - ow are Wednesdays at pm? Mini Assignment Send Prof. Thomas contact info/ name/year/major/ /credit/listener and interests relevant to topics in this course Any expertise you have on lab demos, characterization tools, cool samples
3 ard vs. Soft Solids (for T ~ 300K) ard matter: metals, ceramics and semiconductors: typically highly crystalline. U >> kt Soft matter: polymers, organics, liquid crystals, gels, foods, life(!). U ~ kt Soft matter is therefore sometimes called delicate material in that the forces holding the solid together and causing the particular atomic, molecular and mesoscopic arrangements are relatively weak and these forces are easily overcome by thermal or mechanical or other outside influences. Thus, the interplay of several approximately equal types of forces affords the ability to access many approximately equal energy, metastable states. ne can also tune a structure by application of a relatively weak stimulus. Such strong sensitivity means that soft matter is inherently good for sensing applications.
4 In we aim to understand: The Key rigins of Soft Solid Behavior: relatively weak forces between molecules many types of bonding, strong anisotropy of bonding (intra/inter) wide range of molecular shapes and sizes, distributions large variety of chemistries/functionalities fluctuating molecular conformations/positions presence of solvent, diluent entanglements many types of entropy architectures/structural hierarchies over several length scales Characterization of the molecular structures and the properties of the soft solids comprised of these molecules
5 Scale in Soft Matter 1 DuPont microstructured fibers. DNA molecule AFM uman air Photoresist (150 nm) -photon polymerized photonic crystal Nature 1999 Carbon nanotube 0. 0 Red blood cells Intel 4004 Virus Patterned atoms Dimensions (nm)
6 Interactions in Soft Solids Molecules are predominantly held together by strong covalent bonds. Intramolecular - Rotational isomeric states Intermolecular potential ard sphere potential Coulombic interaction Lennard Jones potential (induced dipoles) ydrogen bonding (net dipoles) hydrophobic effect (organics in water)
7 Polyelectrolyte Domain Spacing Change by e-field QPVP PS Apply field Photo of tunable gels removed due to copyright restrictions. Fluid reservoir Initial film thickness: ~ 3 μm Total # of layers: ~ 30 layers n PS -n PVP ~ 1.6 n = 1.33
8 Structure of Soft Solids SR - (always present in condensed phases) intra- and inter- LR - (sometimes present) Spatial: 1D, D, 3D periodicities rientational rder parameters (translational, orientational ) Defects - influence on properties; at present defects are largely under-appreciated; e.g. transport across membranes self assembly-nucleation, mutations, diseases Manipulation of rientation and Defects: Develop methods to process polymers/soft solids to create controlled structures/hierarchies and to eliminate undesirable defects
9 Polymers/Macromolecules. Staudinger (190 s) colloidal ass y vs. molecule MACRMLECULAR YPTESIS single repeating unit (MER) covalent bonds A SINGLE REPEAT UNIT MANY REPEAT UNITS MNMER (M) PLYMER (M) n Macromolecule - more general term than polymer
10 PLYMERIZATIN Common reactions to build polymers: 1. Addition: M n + M M n+1. Condensation: M x + M y M x+y + or Cl / etc. Think of a polymer as the endpoint of a MLGUS SERIES: ow do the properties change with n? N = 1 3 Example: Polyethylene (n 10 4 ) n Degree of Polymerization C =C C C n<100 C C n 100 monomer oligomer polymer
11 Proteins and Polyamides (Nylons) Proteins are decorated nylon N R n R = various side groups (0 possible amino acids) R = glycine R = C 3 alanine, etc. N N N amide linkage Members of the nylon family are named by counting the number of carbon atoms in the backbone between nitrogen atoms. N N N N C N C N nylon T m > 300 C nylon 6 N C N C 5 5 N T m = 15 C N N N 6 carbon atoms ydrogen bonds note nylon n= = polyethylene (!) T m ~ 140 C
12 Characteristic Features of Macromolecules uge Range of Structures & Physical Properties Some examples: Insulating > Conducting Light emitting Photovoltaic, Piezoelectric Soft elastic > Very stiff plastic Ultra large reversible deformation ighly T, t dependent mechanical properties Zero/few crystals > igh Crystallinity Readily Tunable Properties: Weak interactions between molecules, so chains can be readily reorganized by an outside stimulus
13 Chain Conformations of Polymers: Extremes n is the number of links in the chain with each link a step size l so the contour length of the chain L is nl; As a measure of size of the chain, we can have two situations: 1. Rigid rod: Fully Extended Conformation < r > 1/ n l = L. Flexible coil: Random Walk < r > 1/ n 1/ l - note this is much smaller than L
14 Extreme Conformations of (Linear) Polymers Isolated molecules Flexible Coil Rigid Rod Entanglements Flexible Coils Rigid Rods
15 .357 Magnum, layers of Kevlar
16 Polymer Architectures LINEAR CRSS-LINKED BRANCED DENDRITIC (I) 1930's- (II) 1940's- (III) 1960's- (IV) 1980's- x Flexible Coil Lightly Cross-Linked Random Short Branches Random yperbranched Rigid Rod Densely Cross-Linked Random Long Branches Controlled yperbranched (Comb-burst TM ) Cyclic (Closed Linear) Regular Comb-Branched x Polyrotaxane Interpenetrating Networks Regular Star-Branched Regular Dendrons Dendrimers (Starburst R ) Figure by MIT CW.
17 1-D Random Walk R = Nb N steps of size b R -4 4 x = 0 (a) (b) (a) Initial distribution of atoms, one to a line. (b) Final distribution after each atom took 16 random jumps. R is the calculated root mean square for the points shown. Figure by MIT CW.
18 Gaussian Distribution π nl 3/ P(r,n) = 3 exp 3r nl Note: units are [volume -1 ] P(r,n)4πr dr = 1 normalized probability 0 r = r P(r,n) 4π r dr Probability of distance r between 1 st and n th monomer units for an assembly of polymers is a Gaussian distribution, here shown for 3D p(r)/p(0) R/<R > Figure by MIT CW.
19 Flexible Coil Chain Dimensions 3 Related Models Mathematician s Ideal Random Walk Chemist s Chain in Solution and Melt r = nl r = nl C α Physicist s Universal Chain r = N b
20 Mathematician s Ideal Chain n monomers of length l r l,n = l 1 + l l n = l i n i=1 l i = l r 1,n = 0 since{ r l,n }are randomly oriented No restrictions on chain passing through itself (excluded volume), nopreferred bond angles Consider r 1,n 1 0 r l,n r l,n = l i l j Scalinglaw: = l 1 ( l 1 + l + l )+ l ( l 1 + l + l )+... ( ) l 1 l 1 l 1 l l 1 l 3... l 1 l n l l 1 l l. l n l 1. l n l n l l l r l, n 1 n 1 r l,n = nl r l,n 1 = n 1 l
21 Chemists Chain: Fixed Bond Angle (and Steric inderance) Simpliest case: Chain comprised of carbon-carbon single bonds C 4 Fixed θ: l i l i +1 = l ( cosθ) ( ) l i l i + = l cosθ projections of bond onto immediate neighbor C (1) D C 3 () (3) C 4 C 4 In general: l i l i +m = l ( cosθ) m l, l ( cosθ), l cos θ, l ( cos 3 θ)... C 1 Figure by MIT CW. Factor out l : 1 cosθ cos θ cosθ 1 cosθ cos cosθ 1 θ 3 cos θ cos θ cosθ cos. θ ( cosθ ) 1 n 1 nl 1 cosθ 1+ cosθ
22 Special case: Rotational conformations of n-butane Potential energy of a n-butane molecule as a function of the angle φ of bond rotation. C 3 C C C 3 V(φ) Potential energy/kj mol eclipse eclipse gauche planar trans eclipse gauche o - 10 o - 60 o 0 60 o 10 o 180 o φ eclipse Planar trans conformer is lowest energy C 3 3 C C 3 C 3 Views along the C-C3 bond C3 C 3 eclipsed conformations C 3 C 3 C 3 igh energy states 3 C C 3 C 3 V(φ) Gauche Planar Gauche Figure by MIT CW. Low energy states
23 Conformers: Rotational Isomeric State Model Rotational Potential V(φ) Probability of rotation angle phi P(φ) ~ exp(-v(φ)/kt) Rotational Isomeric State (RIS) Model e.g. Typical 3 state model : g -, t, g + with weighted probabilities Again need to evaluate l i l j+1 taking into account probability of a φ rotation between adjacent bonds This results in a bond angle rotation factor of combining where 1 cosθ 1+ cosφ r = nl 1+ cosθ 1 cosφ = nl C C 1 cosθ 1+ = 1+ cosθ 1 cosφ cosφ 1+ 1 cosφ cosφ The so called Characteristic ratio and is compiled for various polymers cosφ = cos(φ)p(φ)dφ P(φ)dφ with P(φ) = exp(-v(φ)/kt)
24 The Chemist s Real Chain Preferred bond angles and rotation angles: θ, φ. Specific bond angle θ between mainchain atoms (e.g. C-C bonds) with rotation angle chosen to avoid short range intra-chain interferences. In general, this is called steric hinderance and depends strongly on size/shape of set of pendant atoms to the main backbone (F, C 3, phenyl etc). Excluded volume: self-crossing of chain is prohibited (unlike in diffusion or in the mathematician s chain model): Such contacts tend to occur between more remote segments of the chain. The set of allowed conformations thus excludes those where the path crosses and this forces <r l,n > 1/ to increase. Solvent quality: competition between the interactions of chain segments (monomers) with each other vs. solvent-solvent interactions vs. the interaction between the chain segments with solvent. Chain can expand or contract. monomer - monomer solvent - solvent ε M-M vs. ε S-S vs. ε M-S monomer - solvent
25 Excluded Volume The excluded volume of a particle is that volume for which the center of mass of a nd particle is excluded from entering. Example: interacting hard spheres of radius a volume of region denied to sphere A due to presence of sphere B V= 4/3π(a) 3 = 8 V sphere but the excluded volume is shared by spheres so V excluded = 4 V sphere
26 Solvent Quality and Chain Dimensions Theta θ Solvent Solvent quality factor α Solvent In Local Picture Good Solvent α < r > = < r > θ Global Picture Solvent quality factor 0 10 Good solvent Solvent ut θ Solvent Poor Solvent Poor solvent Figure by MIT CW. Solvent quality: M-M, S-S, M-S interactions: ε M-M, ε S-S, ε M-S
27 Solvent Quality (α) good solvent: favorable ε SM interaction so chain expands to avoid monomer-monomer contacts and to maximize the number of solvent-monomer contacts. -ε SS -ε MM -ε SM good α > 1 0 -ε SM -ε SS -ε MM poor α < 1 0 poor solvent: unfavorable ε SM, therefore monomer-monomer, solvent-solvent interactions preferred so chain contracts. r = nl C α
28 Theta Condition: Choose a solvent and temperature such that Excluded volume chain expansion is just offset by somewhat poor solvent quality and consequent slight chain contraction: called Θ condition (α =1) r θ = local steric influence nl = nl C bond angles, rotation angles α = r r θ solvent quality factor Actually expect a radial dependence to alpha, since segment density is largest at center of chain segment cloud.
29 Random Walks RW Figure by MIT CW. SARW 3.01 Fundamentals of Materials Science: Bonding - Nicola Marzari (MIT, Fall 005) Figure by MIT CW.
V(φ) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3. High energy states. Low energy states. Views along the C2-C3 bond
Example V(φ): Rotational conformations of n-butane C 3 C C C 3 Potential energy of a n-butane molecule as a function of the angle φ of bond rotation. V(φ) Potential energy/kj mol -1 0 15 10 5 eclipse gauche
More informationChap. 2. Polymers Introduction. - Polymers: synthetic materials <--> natural materials
Chap. 2. Polymers 2.1. Introduction - Polymers: synthetic materials natural materials no gas phase, not simple liquid (much more viscous), not perfectly crystalline, etc 2.3. Polymer Chain Conformation
More informationAmorphous Polymers: Polymer Conformation Laboratory 1: Module 1
D E P A R T M E N T O F M A T E R I A L S S C I E N C E A N D E N G I N E E R I N G M A S S A C H U S E T T S I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y 3.014 Materials Laboratory Fall 2008 Amorphous Polymers:
More informationProteins polymer molecules, folded in complex structures. Konstantin Popov Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Proteins polymer molecules, folded in complex structures Konstantin Popov Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Outline General aspects of polymer theory Size and persistent length of ideal linear
More informationPHASE TRANSITIONS IN SOFT MATTER SYSTEMS
OUTLINE: Topic D. PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SOFT MATTER SYSTEMS Definition of a phase Classification of phase transitions Thermodynamics of mixing (gases, polymers, etc.) Mean-field approaches in the spirit
More information2.1 Traditional and modern applications of polymers. Soft and light materials good heat and electrical insulators
. Polymers.1. Traditional and modern applications.. From chemistry to statistical description.3. Polymer solutions and polymer blends.4. Amorphous polymers.5. The glass transition.6. Crystalline polymers.7.
More information) is the interaction energy between a pair of chain units in the state ψ i 1
Persistence Length, One Application of the Ising-Chain and the RIS Model. Local features of a polymer chain such as the chain persistence, and the pair correlation function, g(r), and the associated high-q
More informationLecture 1: Macromolecular Engineering: Networks and Gels Introduction
Prof. Tibbitt Lecture 1 etworks & Gels Lecture 1: Macromolecular Engineering: etworks and Gels Introduction 1 Suggested reading Prof. Mark W. Tibbitt ETH Zürich 20 Februar 2018 Polymer Physics Rubinstein
More informationLecture 8. Polymers and Gels
Lecture 8 Polymers and Gels Variety of polymeric materials Polymer molecule made by repeating of covalently joint units. Many of physical properties of polymers have universal characteristic related to
More informationLab Week 4 Module α 3. Polymer Conformation. Lab. Instructor : Francesco Stellacci
3.014 Materials Laboratory Dec. 9 th Dec.14 th, 2004 Lab Week 4 Module α 3 Polymer Conformation Lab. Instructor : Francesco Stellacci OBJECTIVES 9 Review random walk model for polymer chains 9 Introduce
More informationChapter 12 - Modern Materials
Chapter 12 - Modern Materials 12.1 Semiconductors Inorganic compounds that semiconduct tend to have chemical formulas related to Si and Ge valence electron count of four. Semiconductor conductivity can
More informationLecture 5: Macromolecules, polymers and DNA
1, polymers and DNA Introduction In this lecture, we focus on a subfield of soft matter: macromolecules and more particularly on polymers. As for the previous chapter about surfactants and electro kinetics,
More informationInorganic compounds that semiconduct tend to have an average of 4 valence electrons, and their conductivity may be increased by doping.
Chapter 12 Modern Materials 12.1 Semiconductors Inorganic compounds that semiconduct tend to have an average of 4 valence electrons, and their conductivity may be increased by doping. Doping yields different
More informationLecture 8 Polymers and Gels
Lecture 8 Polymers and Gels Variety of polymeric materials Polymer molecule made by repeating of covalently joint units. Living polymers (not considered in this lecture) long-chain objects connected by
More informationChapter 11. Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids
Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids & Solids Gases vs. Liquids & Solids difference is distance between molecules Liquids Molecules close together;
More informationPolymers. Hevea brasiilensis
Polymers Long string like molecules give rise to universal properties in dynamics as well as in structure properties of importance when dealing with: Pure polymers and polymer solutions & mixtures Composites
More information2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state
2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state or concentrated from the solution, molecules are often
More informationSwelling and Collapse of Single Polymer Molecules and Gels.
Swelling and Collapse of Single Polymer Molecules and Gels. Coil-Globule Transition in Single Polymer Molecules. the coil-globule transition If polymer chains are not ideal, interactions of non-neighboring
More informationIII. Molecular Structure Chapter Molecular Size Size & Shape
III. Molecular Structure Chapter 3. 3. Molecular Size Size & Shape Molecular Structure (1)Molecular Size & Shape Size : molecular weight molecular weight distribution Shape : branching (2) Molecular Flexibility
More informationEntanglements. M < M e. M > M e. Rouse. Zero-shear viscosity vs. M (note change of slope) Edwards degennes Doi. Berry + Fox, slope 3.4.
Entanglements Zero-shear viscosity vs. M (note change of slope) M < M e Rouse slope 3.4 M > M e Edwards degennes Doi slope 1 Berry + Fox, 1968 Question: Which factors affect the Me: T, P, M, flexibility,
More informationPart III : M6 Polymeric Materials
16/1/004 Part III : M6 Polymeric Materials Course overview, motivations and objectives Isolated polymer chains Dr James Elliott 1.1 Course overview Two-part course building on Part IB and II First 6 lectures
More informationFinal Morphology of Complex Materials
120314 Final Morphology of Complex Materials 1) Proteins are the prototypical model for hierarchy. a) Give the generic chemical structure for an amino acid and a protein molecule (a tripeptide). b) Label
More informationEffect of crystallinity on properties. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Why?
Effect of crystallinity on properties The morphology of most polymers is semi-crystalline. That is, they form mixtures of small crystals and amorphous material and melt over a range of temperature instead
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids. Chapter 11. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for 1 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the
More informationVIII. Rubber Elasticity [B.Erman, J.E.Mark, Structure and properties of rubberlike networks]
VIII. Rubber Elasticity [B.Erman, J.E.Mark, Structure and properties of rubberlike networks] Using various chemistry, one can chemically crosslink polymer chains. With sufficient cross-linking, the polymer
More informationConformational Geometry of Peptides and Proteins:
Conformational Geometry of Peptides and Proteins: Before discussing secondary structure, it is important to appreciate the conformational plasticity of proteins. Each residue in a polypeptide has three
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
PowerPoint Lecture Presentation by J. David Robertson University of Missouri Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
More informationCoarse-Grained Models!
Coarse-Grained Models! Large and complex molecules (e.g. long polymers) can not be simulated on the all-atom level! Requires coarse-graining of the model! Coarse-grained models are usually also particles
More informationPolymers Dynamics by Dielectric Spectroscopy
Polymers Dynamics by Dielectric Spectroscopy What s a polymer bulk? A condensed matter system where the structural units are macromolecules Polymers Shape of a Macromolecule in the Bulk Flory's prediction
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact
More informationPerfect mixing of immiscible macromolecules at fluid interfaces
Perfect mixing of immiscible macromolecules at fluid interfaces Sergei S. Sheiko, 1* Jing Zhou, 1 Jamie Boyce, 1 Dorota Neugebauer, 2+ Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, 2 Constantinos Tsitsilianis, 4 Vladimir V.
More informationLecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers
Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers Polymer Structure Polymers are found in nature as proteins, cellulose, silk or synthesized like polyethylene, polystyrene and nylon. Some natural polymers can also
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact
More informationOlle Inganäs: Polymers structure and dynamics. Polymer physics
Polymer physics Polymers are macromolecules formed by many identical monomers, connected through covalent bonds, to make a linear chain of mers a polymer. The length of the chain specifies the weight of
More informationPolypropylene. Monomer. mer
Polymer Polymer: Maromolecule built-up by the linking together of a large no. of small molecules Ex. Nucleic acid, paper, bakelite,pvc Monomer: The small molecule which combine with each other Mer: The
More informationBiophysics II. Hydrophobic Bio-molecules. Key points to be covered. Molecular Interactions in Bio-molecular Structures - van der Waals Interaction
Biophysics II Key points to be covered By A/Prof. Xiang Yang Liu Biophysics & Micro/nanostructures Lab Department of Physics, NUS 1. van der Waals Interaction 2. Hydrogen bond 3. Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic
More informationMATERIALS SCIENCE POLYMERS
POLYMERS 1) Types of Polymer (a) Plastic Possibly the largest number of different polymeric materials come under the plastic classification. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene,
More informationThis lecture: Crystallization and Melting. Next Lecture: The Glass Transition Temperature
Thermal Transitions: Crystallization, Melting and the Glass Transition This lecture: Crystallization and Melting Next Lecture: The Glass Transition Temperature Today: Why do polymers crystallize in a chain
More informationLiquids, Solids and Phase Changes
Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 1 KMT of Liquids and Solids Gas molecules have little or no interactions. Molecules in the Liquid or solid state have significant interactions. Liquids
More informationMaterials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES
Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand different molecular and crystal structures of polymers What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of
More informationGeneral Chemistry A
General Chemistry 1140 - A May 5, 2005 (6 Pages, 48 Questions) ame 1. Which of the following properties is a general characteristic of solids? (A) Solids have a rigid shape and fixed volume (B) Solids
More informationChap. 12 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Chap. 12 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Know how energy determines physical properties and how phase changes occur as a result of heat flow. Distinguish between bonding (intermolecular) and nonbonding (intermolecular)
More informationRouse chains, unentangled. entangled. Low Molecular Weight (M < M e ) chains shown moving past one another.
Physical Picture for Diffusion of Polymers Low Molecular Weight (M < M e ) chains shown moving past one another. Z X Y Rouse chains, unentangled Figure by MIT OCW. High Molecular weight (M > M e ) Entanglements
More informationMacromolecular colloids. Size and shape of linear macromolecules. Osmosis and osmotic pressure.
Macromolecular colloids. Size and shape of linear macromolecules. Osmosis and osmotic pressure. What are macromolecules Macromolecules (macro = large, big) are large molecules Larger in solution than 1
More informationChemistry C : Polymers Section. Dr. Edie Sevick, Research School of Chemistry, ANU. 3.0 The size of chains in good and poor solvent conditions
Chemistry C3102-2006: Polymers Section Dr. Edie Sevick, Research School of Chemistry, ANU 3.0 The size of chains in good and poor solvent conditions Obviously, the ideal chain is a simple, first approximate
More informationChapter 12. Solids and Modern Materials
Lecture Presentation Chapter 12 Solids and Modern Materials Graphene Thinnest, strongest known material; only one atom thick Conducts heat and electricity Transparent and completely impermeable to all
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures Dr. Coates 14.1 Introduction Naturally occurring polymers Wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk Synthetic polymers Plastics,
More informationPolymers and Composite Materials
Polymers and omposite Materials Shibu G. Pillai hemical Engineering Department shibu.pillai@nirmauni.ac.in ontents lassification of Polymers Types of polymerization Elastomers/ Rubber Advanced Polymeric
More informationCH 2 = CH - CH =CH 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Styrene is almost a unique monomer, in that it can be polymerized by practically all methods of chain polymerization. A. Free radical B. Anionic C. Cationic D. Co-ordination
More informationTOPIC 7. Polymeric materials
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid www.uc3m.es MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials 1. Introduction Definition General characteristics Historic introduction Polymers: Examples 2.
More informationPeriodic table with the elements associated with commercial polymers in color.
Polymers 1. What are polymers 2. Polymerization 3. Structure features of polymers 4. Thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers 5. Additives 6. Polymer crystals 7. Mechanical properties of polymers
More informationChapter 2: INTERMOLECULAR BONDING (4rd session)
Chapter 2: INTERMOLECULAR BONDING (4rd session) ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Secondary bonding The structure of crystalline solids 1 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS SESSION Bonding forces & energies Interatomic vs. intermolecular
More informationENAS 606 : Polymer Physics
ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics Professor Description Course Topics TA Prerequisite Class Office Hours Chinedum Osuji 302 Mason Lab, 432-4357, chinedum.osuji@yale.edu This course covers the static and dynamic
More informationAtomic and molecular interaction forces in biology
Atomic and molecular interaction forces in biology 1 Outline Types of interactions relevant to biology Van der Waals interactions H-bond interactions Some properties of water Hydrophobic effect 2 Types
More informationEXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December Suggested resolution
page 1 of 7 EXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December 2013 Suggested resolution Exercise 1. [total: 25 p] a) [t: 5 p] Describe the bonding [1.5 p] and the molecular orbitals [1.5 p] of the ethylene
More information2.76/2.760 Multiscale Systems Design & Manufacturing
2.76/2.760 Multiscale Systems Design & Manufacturing Fall 2004 Polymer, Protein, Complexity Nanoimprinting PMMA silicon Dry etching Heat & Pressure Metal Lift-off Cooling & Separation Remove polymer S.
More information2.2.2 Bonding and Structure
2.2.2 Bonding and Structure Ionic Bonding Definition: Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer. Metal atoms lose electrons to form
More informationAqueous solutions. Solubility of different compounds in water
Aqueous solutions Solubility of different compounds in water The dissolution of molecules into water (in any solvent actually) causes a volume change of the solution; the size of this volume change is
More informationDr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University MECH 221 lecture 19/2
Polymers Outline Introduction Molecular Structure and Configurations Polymer s synthesis Molecular weight of polymers Crystallinity You may think of polymers as being a relatively modern invention however
More informationStatistical Thermodynamics Exercise 11 HS Exercise 11
Exercise 11 Release: 412215 on-line Return: 1112215 your assistant Discussion: 1512215 your tutorial room Macromolecules (or polymers) are large molecules consisting of smaller subunits (referred to as
More informationBCMP 201 Protein biochemistry
BCMP 201 Protein biochemistry BCMP 201 Protein biochemistry with emphasis on the interrelated roles of protein structure, catalytic activity, and macromolecular interactions in biological processes. The
More informationPOLYMER SCIENCE : lecture 1. Dr. Hanaa J. Alshimary Second class Poly. Eng. Dep. Introduction of Polymers Polymer poly mer Monomer Polymerization
Introduction of Polymers Polymer - The word polymer is the Greek word : poly means many and mer means unit or parts, A Polymer is a large molecule that comprises repeating structural units joined by the
More informationChapter 11. Polymer Structures. Natural vs man-made
. Polymer Structures Polymers: materials consisting of long molecules - the word polymer comes from the Greek Polys = many Meros = parts Macromolecules (long size of the chains) many parts - typically,
More informationMonte Carlo Simulations of the Hyaluronan-Aggrecan Complex in the Pericellular Matrix
Monte Carlo Simulations of the Hyaluronan-Aggrecan Complex in the Pericellular Matrix Marcel Hellmann BIOMS Group Cellular Biophysics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Theoretical Biophysics Group,
More informationLecture 2. Fundamentals and Theories of Self-Assembly
10.524 Lecture 2. Fundamentals and Theories of Self-Assembly Instructor: Prof. Zhiyong Gu (Chemical Engineering & UML CHN/NCOE Nanomanufacturing Center) Lecture 2: Fundamentals and Theories of Self-Assembly
More informationIonic Bonding. Example: Atomic Radius: Na (r = 0.192nm) Cl (r = 0.099nm) Ionic Radius : Na (r = 0.095nm) Cl (r = 0.181nm)
Ionic Bonding Ion: an atom or molecule that gains or loses electrons (acquires an electrical charge). Atoms form cations (+charge), when they lose electrons, or anions (- charge), when they gain electrons.
More informationMSE 383, Unit 1-4. Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Materials Science & Engineering Dept.
Polymer Classifications Mole. Wt. MSE 383, Unit 1-4 Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Materials Science & Engineering Dept. Introduction Recall polymer (macromolecular) definition Covalent linkages
More informationLecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments
3.051J/20.340J 1 Lecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments High vacuum techniques are important tools for characterizing surface composition, but do not yield information on surface
More informationAtoms & Their Interactions
Lecture 2 Atoms & Their Interactions Si: the heart of electronic materials Intel, 300mm Si wafer, 200 μm thick and 48-core CPU ( cloud computing on a chip ) Twin Creeks Technologies, San Jose, Si wafer,
More informationREVIEW : INTERATOMIC BONDING : THE LENNARD-JONES POTENTIAL & RUBBER ELASTICITY I DERIVATION OF STRESS VERSUS STRAIN LAWS FOR RUBBER ELASTICITY
LECTURE #3 : 3.11 MECHANICS O MATERIALS 03 INSTRUCTOR : Professor Christine Ortiz OICE : 13-40 PHONE : 45-3084 WWW : http://web.mit.edu/cortiz/www REVIEW : INTERATOMIC BONDING : THE LENNARD-JONES POTENTIAL
More informationIntroduction to polymer physics Lecture 1
Introduction to polymer physics Lecture 1 Boulder Summer School July August 3, 2012 A.Grosberg New York University Lecture 1: Ideal chains Course outline: Ideal chains (Grosberg) Real chains (Rubinstein)
More informationSeparation Methods Based on Distributions in Discrete Stages (01/21/15)
Separation Methods Based on Distributions in Discrete Stages (01/1/15) 1. Chemical Separations: The Big Picture Classification and comparison of methods. Fundamentals of Distribution Separations 3. Separation
More informationImportant practical questions:
Colloidal stability Important practical questions: - Does dispersion change when T, P or... is changed? - If T, P or... is changed and the dispersion phase separates, what are then the final products?
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a well defined boundary. Phases
More informationHigh strength high modulus Fibres
High strength high modulus Fibres Module 2: FAQ Q1. Define aramids. A manufactured fibre in which the fibre-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide (-CO-NH-)
More informationQuiz 1 Introduction to Polymers (Please answer each question even if you guess)
080407 Quiz 1 Introduction to Polymers (Please answer each question even if you guess) This week we explored the definition of a polymer in terms of properties. 1) The flow of polymer melts and concentrated
More informationⅢ. Assembled Nanostructure of Polymers
Ⅲ. Assembled Nanostructure of Polymers Chapter 5. The Amorphous State 5.1 The Amorphous Polymer State 5. Experimental Evidence Regarding Amorphous Polymers 5.3 Conformation of the Polymer Chain 5.4 Macromolecular
More informationREPORT TITLE: Final Report: Facially Amphiphilic Polymers with Cationic Groups that Mimic Beta-Sheet Structure
AR-STIR-Final Report MEMRANDUM F TRANSMITTAL U.S. Army Research ffice ATTN: AMSRL-R-BI (TR) P.. Box 12211 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211 Reprint (rig + 2 copies) Manuscript (1 copy) Technical Report
More informationSelf-Assembly. Self-Assembly of Colloids.
Self-Assembly Lecture 5-6 Self-Assembly of Colloids. Liquid crystallinity Colloidal Stability and Phases The range of forces attractive and repelling forces exists between the colloidal particles van der
More informationCHAPTER 11: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. Chemistry 1411 Joanna Sabey
CHAPTER 11: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Chemistry 1411 Joanna Sabey Forces Phase: homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a
More informationNMR Studies of Polyethylene: Towards the Organization of Semi Crystalline Polymers
NMR Studies of Polyethylene: Towards the Organization of Semi Crystalline Polymers Yefeng Yao, Robert Graf, Hans Wolfgang Spiess Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany Leibniz Institut
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF BRANCHED POLYMERS IN SOLUTION (I)
CHARACTERIZATION OF BRANCHED POLYMERS IN SOLUTION (I) Overview: General Properties of Macromolecules in Solution Molar Mass Dependencies Molar Mass Distributions Generalized Ratios Albena Lederer Leibniz-Institute
More informationQuiz 1 Introduction to Polymers
090109 Quiz 1 Introduction to Polymers In class we discussed the definition of a polymer first by comparing polymers with metals and ceramics and then by noting certain properties of polymers that distinguish
More informationLab Week 4 Module α 1. Polymer chains as entropy springs: Rubber stretching experiment and XRD study. Instructor: Gretchen DeVries
3.014 Materials Laboratory December 9-14, 005 Lab Week 4 Module α 1 Polymer chains as entropy springs: Rubber stretching experiment and XRD study Instructor: Gretchen DeVries Objectives Review thermodynamic
More informationGeneral Chemistry 202 CHM202 General Information. General Chemistry 202 CHM202 Policies. General Chemistry 202 CHM202 Laboratory Guidelines
General Chemistry 202 CHM202 General Information Instructor Meeting times and places Text and recommended materials Website Email Grading Schedule 1 General Chemistry 202 CHM202 Policies Equipment Instruction
More informationChapter 2: Atomic Structure
Chapter 2: Atomic Structure Atom: Nucleus: protons and neutrons (neutral in charge) Electrons Electrons and protons are charged: e=1.6x10-19 Mass of protons and neutrons = 1.67x10-27 kg Mass of electron
More informationStates of Matter SM VI. Liquids & Solids. Liquids. Description of. Vapor Pressure. if IMF then VP, b.p.
chem101/3, wi2010 po 20 1 States of Matter SM VI Description of Liquids & Solids chem101/3, wi2010 po 20 2 Liquids molecules slide along in close contact attraction due to various IMF s can diffuse, but
More informationChapter 10: States of Matter. Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding
Chapter 10: States of Matter Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding Pressure standard pressure the pressure exerted at sea level in dry air
More informationA polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer.
1.8 Polymers The General Structure of Polymers A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. Many biological molecules,
More informationNANO 243/CENG 207 Course Use Only
L8. Drug Dispersion and Diffusion in Biological Systems (2) April 26, 2018 2. Diffusion in Water (3) Diffusion of small molecule in water drug molecules/solvents are identical to solvent Assume molecules
More informationLecture 26: Polymers: DNA Packing and Protein folding 26.1 Problem Set 4 due today. Reading for Lectures 22 24: PKT Chapter 8 [ ].
Lecture 26: Polymers: DA Packing and Protein folding 26.1 Problem Set 4 due today. eading for Lectures 22 24: PKT hapter 8 DA Packing for Eukaryotes: The packing problem for the larger eukaryotic genomes
More informationChapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids
1 Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids The state of matter (Gas, liquid or solid) at a particular temperature and pressure depends
More informationPhysics of Materials: Bonding and Material Properties On The basis of Geometry and Bonding (Intermolecular forces) Dr.
: Bonding and Material Properties On The basis of Geometry and Bonding (Intermolecular forces) Dr. Anurag Srivastava Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Manegement, Gwalior
More informationLecture 11: Protein Folding & Stability
Structure - Function Protein Folding: What we know Lecture 11: Protein Folding & Stability 1). Amino acid sequence dictates structure. 2). The native structure represents the lowest energy state for a
More informationProtein Folding & Stability. Lecture 11: Margaret A. Daugherty. Fall Protein Folding: What we know. Protein Folding
Lecture 11: Protein Folding & Stability Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Structure - Function Protein Folding: What we know 1). Amino acid sequence dictates structure. 2). The native structure represents
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Slide 2-3 Properties of Liquids Unlike gases, liquids respond dramatically to temperature and pressure changes. We can study the liquid state and
More informationSOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES
30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines
More information3 Biopolymers Uncorrelated chains - Freely jointed chain model
3.4 Entropy When we talk about biopolymers, it is important to realize that the free energy of a biopolymer in thermal equilibrium is not constant. Unlike solids, biopolymers are characterized through
More informationV = 2ze 2 n. . a. i=1
IITS: Statistical Physics in Biology Assignment # 3 KU Leuven 5/29/2013 Coulomb Interactions & Polymers 1. Flory Theory: The Coulomb energy of a ball of charge Q and dimension R in d spacial dimensions
More information8.592J HST.452J: Statistical Physics in Biology
Assignment # 4 8.592J HST.452J: Statistical Physics in Biology Coulomb Interactions 1. Flory Theory: The Coulomb energy of a ball of charge Q and dimension R in d spacial dimensions scales as Q 2 E c.
More information