DESIGNING ACADEMIC POSTERS

Transcription

1 DESIGNING ACADEMIC POSTERS 17 Jan 2013 Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery H F DeLuca Forum Lou Tetlan, PhD University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Department of Radiology Neuroradiology, Honorary Fellow WTetlan@uwhealth.org Doug Marschalek, Prof. University of Wisconsin Art Education/ Art Department Department of Curriculum & Instruction School of Education marschalek@education.wisc.edu cidbasic@gmail.com Hosted by WARF Ambassadors

2 DESIGNING ACADEMIC POSTERS We use best practices from psychology, educational theory, neuroeducation, the cognitive sciences, graphic design & information design. Constructs from these disciplines are merged & applied to presenting information resulting in Cognitive-based Information Design [CID ] formats. Once you see these ideas, and have some practice with them you may never go back to traditional ways of presenting information! We guarantee it! Hosted by WARF Ambassadors

3 As you walk past posters What are you thinking? Should I stop? Do any of them connect with me? Is it important to me? - my interests, background, needs? What kind of experience is the viewer looking for? [usercentered design]

4 Poster Purpose To engage others in conversation about your research - use a combination of... Words Content clarity & brevity Images High quality, visually interesting & accurate Symbols Guides user & minimizes text this OR this? Horn, R. (1998). Visual language: Global communication for the 21 st century.

5 Preliminary Questions [User-centered Design] What are the criteria? Hosting organization; your Department? Who will be looking at your poster? Your specialty. Your general field. Other sciences or unrelated fields. Non-researchers. Potential employers. Funding sources. [Information Hierarchy] [Connections, Relativity] Where do readers look first for information? Title; Findings; Conclusions. Other. Why is your research important to the reader? Norman, D. (2004). Emotional design.

6 What is your story? Identify the necessary subject areas. - Introduction, Abstract, Experiment, Methodology, Data Analysis, References - Global, National, Regional, Local, Personal Levels Images first, then text? Choose your path Text first, then images?

7 3 Stages to Developing an Academic Poster STAGE 1 Common Rules for text STAGE 2 Building Information STAGE 3 Creating Cognitive-based Information Design (CID ) Formats

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12 Traditional New Application>.. STAGE 1 Common Rules for text STAGE 2 Building Information STAGE 3 Creating Cognitive-based Information Designed (CID ) formats

13 STAGE 1 Font: Use Sans Serif

14 STAGE 1 Font: Use only 2 different font types TITLE ALL CAPS. 70 pt. Content text Min. 18 pt. < Readable from 5 >

15 STAGE 1 Content & Alignment Write & edit content. Align text to the left This is why! Dehaene, S. (2009). Reading in the Brain: The new science of how we read.

16 STAGE 1 Edit Content Remove all redundancies Keep only essential words & concepts Replace words with succinct visuals Create appropriate abbreviations & symbols Accent the most important words/phrases

17 STAGE 1 Original Poster Insert The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field.

18 STAGE 1 Editing Text The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. New font style & larger Removed tab Edited text Added symbols Increase border Behavior and control of electrons are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of 2+ materials, each possessing optimized properties 1 ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these 2+ dissimilar materials, or heterojunction, often possesses specific electronic properties endowing the device s special functionality. To control electrons, manipulation of the energetics 2 at the heterojunction interface is required. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. In addition, stimuli such as magnetic fields and photons are used. Enhancements that endow new capabilities to devices ideally minimize processing complexity at the fabrication end. 1.Electron-hole mobility s dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps etc 2. Concentration of energy transformation.

19 STAGE 1 Editing Text The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. Align [justify] left Narrow the text box Behavior and control of electrons are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of 2+ materials, each possessing optimized properties 1 ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these 2+ dissimilar materials, or heterojunction, often possesses specific electronic properties endowing the device s special functionality. To control electrons, manipulation of the energetics 2 at the heterojunction interface is required. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. In addition, stimuli such as magnetic fields and photons are used. Enhancements that endow new capabilities to devices ideally minimize processing complexity at the fabrication end. 1.Electron-hole mobility s dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps etc 2. Concentration of energy transformation. RSVP Rapid Sequential Visual Presentation

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21 STAGE 1 Dehaene, S. (2009). Reading in the Brain: The new science of how we read.

22 STAGE 1 Editing Text Highlight main phrases The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. Behavior and control of electrons are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of 2+ materials, each possessing optimized properties 1 ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these 2+ dissimilar materials, or heterojunction, often possesses specific electronic properties endowing the device s special functionality. To control electrons, manipulation of the energetics 2 at the heterojunction interface is required. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. In addition, stimuli such as magnetic fields and photons are used. Enhancements that endow new capabilities to devices ideally minimize processing complexity at the fabrication end. 1.Electron-hole mobility s dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps etc 2. Concentration of energy transformation.

23 STAGE 1 Editing Text Align highlighted phrases Accent phrases by enlarging font & changing color The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. Behavior and control of electrons are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of 2+ materials, each possessing optimized properties 1 ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these 2+ dissimilar materials, or heterojunction, often possesses specific electronic properties endowing the device s special functionality. To control electrons and manipulation the use of energetics 2 at the heterojunction interface is required. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. In addition, stimuli such as magnetic fields and photons are used. Enhancements that endow new capabilities to devices ideally minimize processing complexity at the fabrication end. 1.Electron-hole mobility s dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps etc 2. Concentration of energy transformation.

24 STAGE 1 Traditional > CID Format The behavior of electrons in materials, and control over that behavior, are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of two or more materials that individually posses optimized properties (electron-hole mobility s, dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps, etc.) that are ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these two dissimilar materials often possesses specific electronic properties that endow the device with the majority of its functionality. Examples of devices which take advantage of heterojunction properties include: transistors, singe and tandem solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum wells, photodetectors and semiconducting lasers. In order to take control the electronic properties of the heterojunction, charge carrier concentration or energetics at the interface need to be manipulated. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. Behavior and control of electrons are the key drivers of today s technologies. Useful devices often require the integration of 2+ materials, each possessing optimized properties 1 ideally suited for a specific purpose. The interface between these 2+ dissimilar materials, or heterojunction, often possesses specific electronic properties endowing the device s special functionality. To control electrons and manipulation the use of energetics 2 at the heterojunction interface is required. This is often accomplished through the application of an external electric field. In addition, stimuli such as magnetic fields and photons are used. Enhancements that endow new capabilities to devices ideally minimize processing complexity at the fabrication end. 1.Electron-hole mobility s dielectric constants, indirect-direct band gaps etc 2. Concentration of energy transformation.

25 STAGE 2 Create Stable Information Develop each section using Words edited content Images Use as many high-quality, accurate images as possible Symbols directs reader & adds brevity Choose significant, concise visuals. Visual units able to stand alone Use only 3-5 main elements per visual unit

26 STAGE 2 Create Stable Information Use graphs instead of tables. Assemble visual units according to hierarchy. Summarize Conclusions using a bulleted list. Place References at the bottom of the poster.

27 STAGE 2 Nanoscience and Matthew B. Starr, Jian Shi, Xudong Wang* Nanotechnology Group Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; xudong@engr.wisc.edu

28 Mechanical Energy Harvesting + Storage Through Piezoelectric Materials =? Mechanical Energy Harvesting + Storage Through Piezoelectric Materials = Improved PEC Cell Efficiency Mechanical Energy Harvesting + Storage Through Piezoelectric Materials = Improved PEC Cell Efficiency Mechanical Energy Harvesting + Storage Through Piezoelectric Materials Improved PEC Cell Efficiency

29 Traditional New

30 STAGE 2 Assemble visual units within the poster according to hierarchy. Where do readers look first, second, third on a poster for information? 1 Title /Heading, 2 Findings, Key Results, Conclusions 3 Intro/ Abstract Theory of Split Attention: Formats that force readers to visually seek, find and combine information requires double processing. (Sweller 1994). Therefore, poster Title, Findings/ Key Results, Conclusion and Abstract should be in close proximity to one another to avoid Split Attention.

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35 STAGE 2 Conclusion Piezoelectric potential has been shown to drive electrochemical reactions (piezocatalysis) at gold electrodes in a manner consistent with the marriage of electrochemistry and piezoelectricity. Electrolyte, which typically increases efficiency in electrochemical systems, was found to be detrimental to the piezocatalytic efficiency due a parasitic capacitance current on the order of the piezoelectric s electric-dipole density (surface charge density). These results have implications for enhancing the performance of conventional piezoelectric catalysts, where straining the catalyst may facilitate the reaction of interest and hinder competing reaction pathways. The reactions which took place on the surface of the gold electrodes should be possible on the surface of the bare piezoelectric, with the caveat that the continues density of states present about the Fermi energy in the metal will be replaced with a discontinuity of states (band gap). Thus, band gap engineering may be an additional means of manipulating the catalytic properties of the piezoelectric catalyst. We have shown that through controlling the magnitude and direction of material strain, a piezoelectric PEC cell s carrier collection capabilities can be can increase or decrease through electronic state augmentation at the buried piezoelectric/electrode heterojunction interface. The piezoelectric potential was found capable of increasing the cell s open circuit voltage and short circuit current, improving its overall efficiency.

36 STAGE 2 Conclusions Conclusion Piezoelectric potential has been shown to drive electrochemical reactions (piezocatalysis) at gold electrodes in a manner consistent with the marriage of electrochemistry and piezoelectricity. Electrolyte, which typically increases efficiency in electrochemical systems, was found to be detrimental to the piezocatalytic efficiency due a parasitic capacitance current on the order of the piezoelectric s electric-dipole density (surface charge density). These results have implications for enhancing the performance of conventional piezoelectric catalysts, where straining the catalyst may facilitate the reaction of interest and hinder competing reaction pathways. The reactions which took place on the surface of the gold electrodes should be possible on the surface of the bare piezoelectric, with the caveat that the continues density of states present about the Fermi energy in the metal will be replaced with a discontinuity of states (band gap). Thus, band gap engineering may be an additional means of manipulating the catalytic properties of the piezoelectric catalyst. We have shown that through controlling the magnitude and direction of material strain, a piezoelectric PEC cell s carrier collection capabilities can be can increase or decrease through electronic state augmentation at the buried piezoelectric/electrode heterojunction interface. The piezoelectric potential was found capable of increasing the cell s open circuit voltage and short circuit current, improving its overall efficiency. PZC performance could be enhanced using band gap engineering. PEC cell carrier collection capabilities can be increased or decreased through electronic augmentation by controlling the magnitude and direction of material strain. Pz properties drive electrochemical reactions while electrolytes were detrimental to PzC efficiency. PzP was found capable of increasing the cell s open & short circuit currents, improving PEC overall efficiency.

37 STAGE 3 Creating CID Formats [Cognitive-based Information Design] Engagement Attentional Capacity is limited. Information Transfer Enabling readers to assemble information accurately is a matter of professional ethics.

38 STAGE 3 Engagement Avoid Split Attention Keep like information together Eliminate Extraneous Element Interactivity Use only core content and the data necessary to support your bulleted conclusions Avoid Cognitive Overload Create tight visual units of 3-5 elements Allow open spaces Focus on clarity and brevity Use color for cognition To engage, direct, highlight

39 STAGE 3 Extraneous Element Interactivity

40 STAGE 3 Cognitive Overload

41 STAGE 3 Information Transfer Chunk information in units of 3-5 elements 3-5 columns, paragraphs in a box (3), units of info, info in the units Clearly identify wherever there are parts, steps, functions, sequences and show how they change [component behavior & transition taxonomy] Guide reader through the poster using arrows, focusers, guides

42 STAGE 3 Units of 3-5 elements

43 STAGE 3 Clearly identify parts, steps, functions, sequences

44 STAGE 3 Further Refining Units of Information

45 STAGE 3 Creating Building Blocks for Learning Place units of information into meaningful groups. [schema acquisition, semantic fusion, theories of expertise]. Provide element of prior knowledge that research builds upon. Give it context for your audience.

46 STAGE 3 Building Knowledge

47 Original New Application>.. STAGE 1 Common Rules for text STAGE 2 Building Information STAGE 3 Creating Cognitive-based Information Designed (CID ) formats

48 Hands-on Time 1 Choose one of the 10 posters OR use the one you brought to answer questions on this form 2 Answer the questions individually or in teams 3 Attach post-its on the poster & mark your form 4 Hand the completed form to your Ambassador 5 Return to your seat.

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50 Ticking clock/ timer find one on internet

51 Sealing the deal Traditional Take-aways

52 Take-Aways

53 Take-Aways

54 Take-Aways

55 Thank you to WARF & WARF Ambassadors for making this session possible! Copies of this PowerPoint workshop are available at Contact Info Doug Marschalek, Prof. Lou Tetlan, PhD OR