Spatio-spectral characterization of photonic meta-atoms with electron energy-loss spectroscopy [Invited]
|
|
- Rolf Hodge
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Spatio-spectral characterization of photonic meta-atoms with electron energy-loss spectroscopy [Invited] Felix von Cube, 1,2,* Stephan Irsen, 2 Jens Niegemann, 3 Christian Matyssek, 4 Wolfram Hergert, 5 Kurt Busch, 3 and Stefan Linden 1,6 1 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 12, D Bonn, Germany 2 Research Center Caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, D Karlsruhe, Germany 4 Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D Halle (Saale), Germany 5 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physics, von-seckendorff-platz 1, D Halle (Saale), Germany 6 Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany *voncube@uni-bonn.de Abstract: Scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the spatial and spectral characterization of the plasmonic modes of lithographically defined photonic meta-atoms. As an example, we present a size dependence study of the resonance energies of the plasmonic modes of a series of isolated splitring resonators. Furthermore, we show that the comparison of the plasmonic maps of a split-ring resonator and the corresponding complementary splitring resonator allows a direct visualization of Babinet s principle. Our experiments are in good agreement with numerical calculations based on a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain approach Optical Society of America OCIS codes: ( ) Metamaterials; ( ) Near-field microscopy; ( ) Subwavelength structures, nanostructures; ( ) Plasmonics. References and links 1. S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 terahertz, Science 306(5700), (2004). 2. S. Zhang, W. J. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, Midinfrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(3), (2005). 3. C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(20), (2005). 4. V. M. Shalaev, Optical negative-index metamaterials, Nat. Photonics 1(1), (2007). 5. C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Physics. Negative refractive index at optical wavelengths, Science 315(5808), (2007). 6. A. V. Rogacheva, V. A. Fedotov, A. S. Schwanecke, and N. I. Zheludev, Giant gyrotropy due to electromagnetic-field coupling in a bilayered chiral structure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(17), (2006). 7. S. Zhang, Y. S. Park, J. Li, X. Lu, W. Zhang, and X. Zhang, Negative refractive index in chiral metamaterials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(2), (2009). 8. J. K. Gansel, M. Thiel, M. S. Rill, M. Decker, K. Bade, V. Saile, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer, Science 325(5947), (2009). 9. J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), (1999). 10. J. Nelayah, M. Kociak, O. Stéphan, F. J. García de Abajo, M. Tencé, L. Henrard, D. Taverna, I. Pastoriza-Santos, L. M. Liz-Marzán, and C. Colliex, Mapping surface plasmons on a single metallic nanoparticle, Nat. Phys. 3(5), (2007). 11. M. Bosman, V. J. Keast, M. Watanabe, A. I. Maaroof, and M. B. Cortie, Mapping surface plasmons at the nanometre scale with an electron beam, Nanotechnology 18(16), (2007). 12. M. W. Chu, V. Myroshnychenko, C. H. Chen, J. P. Deng, C. Y. Mou, and F. J. García de Abajo, Probing bright and dark surface-plasmon modes in individual and coupled noble metal nanoparticles using an electron beam, Nano Lett. 9(1), (2009). (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1009
2 13. B. Schaffer, U. Hohenester, A. Trügler, and F. Hofer, High-resolution surface plasmon imaging of gold nanoparticles by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, Phys. Rev. B 79(4), (2009). 14. M. N Gom, S. Li, G. Schatz, R. Erni, A. Agarwal, N. Kotov, and T. Norris, Electron-beam mapping of plasmon resonances in electromagnetically interacting gold nanorods, Phys. Rev. B 80(11), (2009). 15. F. Song, T. Wang, X. Wang, C. Xu, L. He, J. Wan, C. Van Haesendonck, S. P. Ringer, M. Han, Z. Liu, and G. Wang, Visualizing plasmon coupling in closely spaced chains of Ag nanoparticles by electron energy-loss spectroscopy, Small 6(3), (2010). 16. W. Sigle, J. Nelayah, C. T. Koch, and P. A. van Aken, Electron energy losses in Ag nanoholes--from localized surface plasmon resonances to rings of fire, Opt. Lett. 34(14), (2009). 17. G. Boudarham, N. Feth, V. Myroshnychenko, S. Linden, J. García de Abajo, M. Wegener, and M. Kociak, Spectral imaging of individual split-ring resonators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(25), (2010). 18. A. L. Koh, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, D. W. McComb, S. A. Maier, and J. K. W. Yang, High-resolution mapping of electron-beam-excited plasmon modes in lithographically defined gold nanostructures, Nano Lett. 11(3), (2011). 19. F. J. García de Abajo and M. Kociak, Probing the photonic local density of states with electron energy loss spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(10), (2008). 20. U. Hohenester, H. Ditlbacher, and J. R. Krenn, Electron-energy-loss spectra of plasmonic nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(10), (2009). 21. T. Walther, E. Quandt, H. Stegmann, A. Thesen, and G. Benner, First experimental test of a new monochromated and aberration-corrected 200 kv field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope, Ultramicroscopy 106(11-12), (2006). 22. J. S. Hesthaven and T. Warburton, Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Methods (Springer, 2008). 23. J. Niegemann, M. König, K. Stannigel, and K. Busch, Higher-order time-domain methods for the analysis of nano-photonic systems, Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 7(1), 2 11 (2009). 24. K. Stannigel, M. König, J. Niegemann, and K. Busch, Discontinuous Galerkin time-domain computations of metallic nanostructures, Opt. Express 17(17), (2009). 25. K. Busch, M. König, and J. Niegemann, Discontinuous Galerkin methods in nanophotonics, Laser Photon. Rev. (to be published), doi: /lpor C. Matyssek, J. Niegemann, W. Hergert, and K. Busch, Computing electron energy loss spectra with the Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain method, Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. (to be published), doi: /j.photonics P.-B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6(12), (1972). 28. C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, C. Etrich, T. Zentgraf, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen, On the reinterpretation of resonances in split-ring-resonators at normal incidence, Opt. Express 14(19), (2006). 29. M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, Single-slit split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling, Opt. Lett. 31(9), (2006). 30. F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, M. A. G. Laso, J. D. Baena, J. Bonache, M. Beruete, R. Marqués, F. Martín, and M. Sorolla, Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(19), (2004). 31. T. Zentgraf, T. P. Meyrath, A. Seidel, S. Kaiser, H. Giessen, C. Rockstuhl, and F. Lederer, Babinet s principle for optical frequency metamaterials and nanoantennas, Phys. Rev. B 76(3), (2007). 32. A. Bitzer, A. Ortner, H. Merbold, T. Feurer, and M. Walther, Terahertz near-field microscopy of complementary planar metamaterials: Babinet s principle, Opt. Express 19(3), (2011). 1. Introduction Photonic metamaterials offer many new and exciting optical properties not available in natural materials, e.g., magnetism at optical frequencies [1 3], a negative index of refraction [4,5], or strong chirality [6 8]. In most cases, these properties result from the excitation of localized plasmonic modes in the elementary building blocks of the photonic metamaterial, i.e., the photonic meta-atoms. The characteristics of the plasmonic modes, in particular the electromagnetic near-field distributions, are determined by the geometry and the constituting materials of the photonic meta-atoms. For example, the split-ring resonator (SRR) [9], i.e., a sub-wavelength metallic ring with one or several slits, is the paradigm magnetic photonic meta-atom. Its fundamental plasmonic mode is characterized by a circulating current density distribution along the ring which results in a magnetic dipole moment normal to the plane of the SRR. So far, most experimental studies on photonic metamaterials have concentrated on the optical far-field. However, the in-depth understanding of the optical properties of a given photonic metamaterial requires the knowledge of the corresponding electromagnetic near-field distribution for the frequency range of interest. On this account, electromagnetic field calculations based on efficient numerical schemes have become an essential tool for the metamaterial design process. Additionally, experiments capable of determining the spectral (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1010
3 and spatial distribution of plasmonic modes with nanometer spatial resolution are required to verify these calculations and to study the influence of structural imperfections. Recently, it has been shown that electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in combination with transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the spatio-spectral characterization of plasmonic modes of metallic nanostructures [10 18]. In the STEM-EELS mode, the tightly focused electron beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is raster scanned across the sample. A fast electron passing near or through the metallic nanostructure can excite one of the plasmonic modes resulting in an energy-loss of the electron equal to the plasmonic resonance energy. The electron energy-loss probability is thereby related to a generalized electromagnetic density of states [19,20]. By recording an energy-loss spectrum for each position of the electron beam, we can map the spectral and spatial distribution of the plasmonic modes with nanometer spatial resolution. So far, the majority of plasmon related EELS experiments has dealt with chemically synthesized metallic nanoparticles [10 15]. However, in the context of plasmonics and photonic metamaterials, chemical synthesis is often not an option as it offers insufficient control over the size, shape, separation, and relative orientation of the produced metallic nanoparticles. Recently, several groups have addressed this issue by combining EELS with lithographically defined metallic nanostructures [16 18]. In a first metamaterial related study, G. Boudarham et al. reported on spectral imaging of the four lowest-order eigenmodes of a silver SRR in the infrared-visible range [17]. The SRR eigenmodes were identified as plasmonic standing waves which resemble many characteristics of the corresponding plasmonic modes of nanoantennas. G. Boudarham et al. also found first indications for coupling effects between both legs of the SRR that resulted in quantitative differences of the energies dispersion of SRRs and nanoantennas. In this letter, we report on STEM-EELS experiments in the energy range from 0.36 ev to 2.5 ev on SRRs and complementary SRRs (CSRRs) fabricated by electron-beam lithography. We present high quality EELS maps with nanometer spatial resolution of the plasmonic modes of these photonic meta-atoms. In the first part of our paper, we investigate the size dependence of the plasmonic modes of a series of gold SRRs with lateral dimensions varying between 120 nm 110 nm and 480 nm 465 nm. For the largest SRRs of our series, we are able to characterize the plasmonic modes up to the seventh order. We observe significant influence of the material dispersion of gold on the size dependence of the resonance energies of the different plasmonic modes. In the second part of our paper, we compare the EELS maps of the three lowest-order plasmonic modes of a SRR with those of the corresponding CSRR. This comparison enables a direct visualization of Babinet s principle for all three modes. 2. Methods Electron-beam lithography (EBL) is the standard method for the fabrication of high quality photonic metamaterials. Here, we use as substrates suspended 30 nm thick and 100 µm 100 µm large silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) membranes (Silson Ltd., Northampton (UK)) which are transparent for fast electrons. In a first step, polymethyl methacrylate dissolved in anisole (PMMA 950K A4) is spin coated at 4000 rpm on the substrate. Next, the PMMA film is exposed by a 30 kv electron beam lithography system (Raith eline). After development, a 2 nm thin layer of chromium followed by a 35 nm thin film of gold are deposited via electronbeam evaporation. Finally, the remaining PMMA is removed. Figures 1(a) and 1(d) depict high angular annular dark field (HAADF) images of a typical SRR and a CSRR, respectively, which have been fabricated by this procedure. The STEM-EELS experiments are performed with a Zeiss Libra200 MC Cs-STEM (CRISP) operated at 200 kv [21]. The microscope is equipped with a monochromator and a Cs-corrector for the illumination system. For spectroscopy, the CRISP uses a 90 energy filter, fully corrected for second order aberrations. The electron energy-loss spectra are recorded with a 2 k 2 k SSCCD camera (Gatan, Ultrascan 1000). In STEM-mode, the system is operated with a beam convergence semiangle of 25 mrad and a collection semiangle of 7 mrad. The dispersion of the spectrometer is ev/channel and the acquisition time for (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1011
4 each spectrum is in the order of a few seconds. For our settings, the spatial resolution of the EELS maps is determined by the pixel step width (3-6 nm). The energetic resolution of our experiments as defined by the full width at half maximum of the zero loss peak (ZLP) is 0.18 ev on the gold structures and 0.15 ev on the Si 3 N 4 -membranes. For post-processing, each spectrum is first normalized to its total number of counts. Afterwards, the ZLP is centered at 0 ev in each case. Fig. 1. (a) HAADF image of a typical SRR fabricated by EBL. (b) Geometry of the SRR assumed in the DGTD calculations. (c) Mesh of the SRR for the coarsest refinement. (d) HAADF image of the corresponding CSRR. (e) Geometry and (f) mesh of the CSRR used in the calculations. The scale bars are 200 nm In order to compare our measurements with theory, we also perform numerical ab-initio calculations of the electron energy-loss spectra. Since the near fields of plasmonic nanostructures are highly sensitive to the geometrical details of the system, one needs a simulation technique which allows to accurately model the rounded geometry of the SRR and CSRR (see Figs. 1(c) and 1(f)). For this work, we employ a nodal discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method [22,23], which is well suited for the efficient and accurate simulation of plasmonic nanostructures [24,25]. Very recently, it was demonstrated how to extract electron energy-loss spectra from DGTD calculations [26]. For all numerical calculations in this paper, we follow the procedures described in [26] with the exception that we use a pure scattered-field excitation instead of the total-field/scattered-field source originally proposed. This allows us to calculate electron energy-loss spectra for electron beams penetrating the plasmonic nanostructures. Since the DGTD method is a time-domain approach, we need to employ a suitable material model to describe the dispersive response of gold [25]. For all calculations in this paper, we use a Drude-Lorentz model given by 2 2 D L. 2 2 i D L i L The free parameters are determined by fitting the model to experimental data of Johnson and Christy [27] in the wavelength region from 500 nm to 2000 nm. As a result, we find ε = 6.21, ω D = ev, γ D = ev, Δε = 1, ω L = ev, and γ L = ev. 3. EELS on SRRs In the following, we present our EELS experiments on SRRs. Here, we investigate the size dependence of the resonance energies of the plasmonic modes of different orders. This section (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1012
5 also serves as preparation to section 4, in which we experimentally test the generalized Babinet s principle for SRRs and CSRRs in the near-infrared and visible regime. Before we present the experimental EELS maps, we discuss the anticipated EELS intensity distributions for the different resonances of a SRR. In a classical picture, the energy loss experienced by an electron results from the work done by the electron against the induced electric field of the excited mode. A strong EELS signal for a given resonance energy and electron beam position occurs if the corresponding mode has a large electric field component E z along the trajectory (z-axis) of the electron [17]. For planar metallic nanostructures like SRRs or CSRRs, a large E z -component is connected with the antinodes of the charge density oscillation. Hence, the EELS map of a given mode qualitatively resembles the corresponding charge density distribution. The modes of a SRR are expected to be plasmonic resonances of increasing order of the entire structure [17,28]. To a first approximation, the current density distribution of the m-th plasmonic mode is a simple standing wave with nodes at the ends and m-1 nodes distributed along the SRR. The locations of the current density nodes coincide with the antinodes of the charge density oscillation. For example, the fundamental mode (m = 1) exhibits antinodes of the charge density oscillation at the two ends of the SRR and the second mode (m = 2) has an additional antinode in the middle of the SRR. Hence, we expect that the EELS map of the fundamental mode has a maximum at each end of the SRR. For the EELS map of the second mode, we anticipate three maxima - two at the ends and one in the middle of the SRR. The number and locations of the EELS maxima of the higher-order SRR modes can be deduced from analogous considerations. In particular, we expect an alternating series of symmetric and anti-symmetric modes which exhibit an even and odd number of EELS maxima, respectively [17]. For our STEM-EELS experiments, we have prepared a series of SRRs with lateral dimensions (width w height h, see Fig. 1(a)) ranging from 120 nm 110 nm to 480 nm 465 nm. In the following, we will first concentrate on the largest SRR with w = 480 nm and h = 465 nm. Figure 2 (Media 1) depicts a HAADF image and EELS maps of this SRR. The center energies of the EELS maps correspond to the resonance energies of the plasmonic modes. The energy range of the EELS maps is set to ev. Each EELS map has an independent color scale in which small EELS signals are represented by dark blue and large EELS signals correspond to yellow. As expected, we find for the fundamental mode (0.36 ev) strong EELS signals at the two ends of the SRR. The EELS map of the second mode (0.67 ev) exhibits an additional strong EELS maximum in the bottom wire. Significant EELS signals at the lower corners partially stem from the low energy tails of the third resonance (0.86 ev). The EELS maps of the third and fourth mode (1.26 ev) exhibit four and five EELS maxima, respectively. According to the model presented above, one would expect that the fifth mode is a symmetric mode with six EELS maxima distributed along the entire wire and a minimum of the EELS signal in the middle of the bottom wire. Instead, we find that the EELS map of the next mode at 1.5 ev better fits the characteristics of the sixth mode, i.e., it features seven EELS maxima with one of them located in the middle of the bottom wire. Numerical calculations of the optical spectra reveal (not shown) that the fifth plasmonic mode of this SRR can be efficiently excited with a plane wave polarized along the bottom wire of the SRR. It is currently not clear why this mode is absent in our EELS experiments. Finally, the seventh plasmonic mode (1.82 ev) is symmetric in nature and its EELS maps features eight maxima. We have also indications of at least one more mode with 2.0 ev resonance energy (not shown). However, the EELS maxima are not clearly separated in the corresponding EELS map which circumvents an unambiguous identification of the nature of this (these) mode(s). (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1013
6 Fig. 2. (a) HAADF image of a SRR and (b)-(g) corresponding EELS maps of several plasmonic resonances with resonance energies as indicated. Each EELS map has an independent color scale in which small EELS signals are represented by dark blue and large EELS signals correspond to yellow. The white curves in the EELS maps indicate the boundaries of the SRR. The scale bar is 200 nm. See Media 1 for a movie of the EELS map. The EELS maps of the other SRRs of the series exhibit a similar behavior (not shown). As expected, the corresponding resonance energies shift to higher energy if we decrease the lateral size of the SRRs. In all these EELS experiments, we are not able to resolve modes with resonances energies above approximately 2.2 ev. These modes are strongly damped because their resonance energies are larger than the onset of the interband transitions in gold [27]. For this reason, we can resolve only the four lowest-order plasmonic modes for the smaller SRRs (w < 300 nm) of our series. The spectroscopic data extracted from these EELS experiments allows us to investigate the size dependence of the resonance energies of the four lowest-order plasmonic modes in the near-infrared and visible regime. Previous size-scaling studies were restricted to the fundamental mode of the SRR [29]. All SRRs of our series possess approximately the same ratio of width and height (see Fig. 3(a)). However, due to limitations in the fabrication process, we are not able to scale all lateral geometric parameters of the SRR by exactly the same factor when changing the size of the SRR. Furthermore, the thickness of all SRRs of the series is the same (2 nm Cr and 35 nm Au). These experimental constraints should be kept in mind during the following discussion of the spectroscopic data. (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1014
7 Fig. 3. (a) HAADF images of several SRRs of our series.(b) Resonance energies of the four lowest-order plasmonic modes of the SRRs ( : fundamental mode, : second mode, : third mode, : fourth mode). The straight lines are guides to the eye. Figure 3 summarizes the resonance energies of the different modes as a function of the inverse width 1/w of the SRRs. For resonance frequencies much smaller than the plasma frequency of gold, the metal basically acts as a perfect conductor. In this limit, i.e. for large SRRs, the resonance energy of the fundamental mode is inversely proportional to the size of the SRR. This scaling law also holds to a very good approximation if we only change the lateral dimensions of the SRR and keep its thickness fixed [29]. Here, we tacitly assume that the largest SRR of our series is still within this size-scaling limit. Without material dispersion, the fundamental resonance energies of all SRRs would fall on a line defined by the origin and the data point of the largest SRR (see guide to the eye in Fig. 3(b) for the fundamental mode). Deviations of the data points of the smaller SRRs from this straight line can be attributed to the influence of the frequency dependent permittivity of gold on the fundamental resonance energy. In our experiments, we observe that the evolution of the fundamental mode is no longer in accordance with the simple scaling law for w < 200 nm. The fundamental resonance frequency grows slower as we further decrease the size. This effect is even more pronounced for the other three modes. We find that these modes only follow the scaling law for the largest SRR sizes (w > 300 nm). For smaller SRRs, the resonance frequencies of the second to fourth plasmonic mode start to saturate as we further decrease the size of the SRRs. 4. EELS on CSRRs In the following, we will use EELS to investigate the near-field distributions of complementary photonic meta-atoms. According to the generalized Babinet s principle [30 32], the modes of a metal particle and those of the corresponding complementary metallic screen are closely connected. Both structures exhibit modes with the same resonance energies and complementary mode profiles which are related to each other by interchanging the E-field and B-field distributions. For our EELS studies, we are particularly interested in the connection between the B z -component of the mode of a SRR and the E z -component of the corresponding CSRR-mode. (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1015
8 Fig. 4. Calculated field distributions of E z and B z for the first three modes of a SRR and the corresponding CSRR with resonance energies as indicated. The white arrows indicate the polarization of the incident light field. The scale bars are 200 nm. Figure 4 depicts calculated field distributions of E z and B z for the first three modes of a SRR and the corresponding CSRR for optical excitation with a plane wave. The fields are recorded in a plane 20 nm above the structures. Each field plot has an independent color scale in which small field strengths are represented by dark blue and large fields correspond to yellow. Note that the exciting optical fields for SRR and CSRR are in each case polarized orthogonally (see white arrows). We find for all three modes the expected correspondence between the E z and B z field distributions of the SRR and the CSRR. The fundamental mode of the SRR has a strong B z - component in the center of the SRR which stems from the oscillating current along the entire ring. Hence, the fundamental CSRR mode exhibits a strong E z -component in the center part of the metallic screen. The second mode of the SRR exhibits three maxima in the E z field distribution. The maximum in the middle of the bottom wire of the SRR results from the node of the current density at this position. The currents in the left and right part of the SRR are oscillating in phase. The magnetic fields produced by these currents interfere destructively in the center of the SRR and constructively outside of the SRR. As expected, we find that the (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1016
9 second mode of the CSRR exhibits a small E z component in the center part of the metallic screen and a strong E z component on the metal on the left and right side of the SRR-shaped aperture. Finally, the B z component of the third mode of the SRR has a pronounced maximum below the bottom wire and two smaller maxima outside the side wires of the SRR. As expected, we find the analogous E z field distribution for the third mode of the CSRR. Fig. 5. (a) HAADF image of a SRR and (b)-(d) EELS maps of the three lowest-order SRR resonances. (e) HAADF image of the corresponding CSRR and (f)-(h) EELS maps of the three lowest-order CSRR resonances. The resonance energy of each mode is indicated below its EELS map. The white curves show the boundaries of the SRR and the SRR-shaped aperture, respectively. The scale bars are 200 nm. For the test of the generalized Babinet s principle at optical frequencies, we have chosen a SRR with w = 220 nm and h = 210 nm. The lateral dimensions of the CSRR do not exactly match those of the SRR (see HAADF images in Fig. 5) which results in a slight red shift of the resonance energies of the CSRR compared to the SRR resonances. The experimental EELS maps qualitatively reproduce in each case the calculated E z field distribution of the corresponding mode of the SRR and the CSRR, respectively (compare Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Our experiments give clear evidence that the generalized Babinet s principle also holds for nearinfrared and visible frequencies. Thus, the combination of EELS experiments on complementary structures provides, at least qualitatively, the distributions of the normal components of the electric and the magnetic field. Finally, Fig. 6 depicts calculated EELS maps of the first three modes of the SRR and CSRR, respectively. Here, the shape and size of the SRR and CSRR are defined by the following geometry parameters (see Fig. 1): w = 210 nm, h = 220 nm, w g = 80 nm, h g = 145 nm, and r = 32.5 nm. For the DGTD calculation, we expand the electric and magnetic field components into polynomials of third degree. We checked the convergence of our numerical results by repeating some of the calculations with refined meshes and polynomial orders up to 5. A comparison of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows, that the numerical calculations are in excellent agreement with the experiments. (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1017
10 5. Conclusions Fig. 6. (a) Scheme of the SRR and (b)-(d) calculated EELS maps of the three lowest-order SRR resonances. (e) Scheme of the CSRR and (f)-(h) calculated EELS maps of the three lowestorder CSRR resonances. The resonance energy of each mode is indicated below its EELS map. The white curves show the boundaries of the SRR and the SRR-shaped aperture, respectively. The scale bars are 200 nm. EELS is a powerful method to characterize the near-field distributions of photonic meta-atoms in the near-infrared and visible regime. As a first example, we have investigated the size dependence of the plasmonic modes of a series of gold SRRs with lateral dimensions varying between 120 nm 110 nm and 480 nm 465 nm. For the largest SRRs of this series, we have mapped the plasmonic modes up to the seventh order. These EELS maps can be interpreted on the basis of a simple and intuitive model. The comparison of the resonance energies of SRRs with different sizes shows that the higher order modes are more susceptible to the influence of the material dispersion of gold than the fundamental mode. In the second part of the paper we have investigated EELS maps of a SRR and the corresponding CSRR. Our experiments indicate that the generalized Babinet s principle still holds for near-infrared and visible frequencies. Thus, combined EELS experiments on complementary structures allow for the visualization of the corresponding electric and magnetic near-field distributions. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. (C) 2011 OSA 1 September 2011 / Vol. 1, No. 5 / OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1018
Nanoplasmonics: Classical down to the Nanometer Scale
Supporting Information Nanoplasmonics: Classical down to the Nanometer Scale Huigao Duan #, Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez 2#, Michel Bosman #, Stefan A. Maier 2* & Joel K. W. Yang * Institute of Materials
More informationElectromagnetic interaction of split-ring resonators: The role of separation and relative orientation
Electromagnetic interaction of split-ring resonators: The role of separation and relative orientation Nils Feth, 1,* Michael König, 2 Martin Husnik, 3 Kai Stannigel, 2 Jens Niegemann, 2 Kurt Busch, 2 Martin
More informationExperiments on second- and third-harmonic generation from magnetic metamaterials
First published in: Experiments on second- and third-harmonic generation from magnetic metamaterials Matthias W. Klein and Martin Wegener Institut für Angewandte Physik and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures
More informationElectric and magnetic excitation of coherent magnetic plasmon waves in a one-dimensional meta-chain
Electric and magnetic excitation of coherent magnetic plasmon waves in a one-dimensional meta-chain C. Zhu 1, H. Liu 1,*, S. M. Wang 1, T. Li 1, J. X. Cao 1, Y. J. Zheng 1, L. Li 1, Y. Wang 1, S. N. Zhu
More informationSupplementary Figure S1 SEM and optical images of Si 0.6 H 0.4 colloids. a, SEM image of Si 0.6 H 0.4 colloids. b, The size distribution of Si 0.
Supplementary Figure S1 SEM and optical images of Si 0.6 H 0.4 colloids. a, SEM image of Si 0.6 H 0.4 colloids. b, The size distribution of Si 0.6 H 0.4 colloids. The standard derivation is 4.4 %. Supplementary
More informationAsymmetric planar terahertz metamaterials
Asymmetric planar terahertz metamaterials Ranjan Singh, 1,2,* Ibraheem A. I. Al-Naib, 3 Martin Koch, 3 and Weili Zhang 1 1 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
More informationAn efficient way to reduce losses of left-handed metamaterials
An efficient way to reduce losses of left-handed metamaterials Jiangfeng Zhou 1,2,, Thomas Koschny 1,3 and Costas M. Soukoulis 1,3 1 Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy,Iowa State University,
More informationSymmetry breaking and strong coupling in planar optical metamaterials
Symmetry breaking and strong coupling in planar optical metamaterials Koray Aydin 1*, Imogen M. Pryce 1, and Harry A. Atwater 1,2 1 Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute
More informationJohnson, N.P. and Khokhar, A.Z. and Chong, H.M.H. and De La Rue, R.M. and McMeekin, S. (2006) Characterisation at infrared wavelengths of metamaterials formed by thin-film metallic split-ring resonator
More informationPlasmon-suppressed vertically-standing nanometal structures
Plasmon-suppressed vertically-standing nanometal structures Jin-Kyu Yang 1,2*, In-Kag Hwang 3, Min-Kyo Seo 1, Se-Heon Kim 1, and Yong-Hee Lee 1 1 Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Coupling of Plasmonic Nanopore Pairs: Facing Dipoles Attract Each Other Takumi Sannomiya 1, Hikaru Saito 2, Juliane Junesch 3, Naoki Yamamoto 1. 1 Department of Innovative and
More informationOptical magnetic response in three-dimensional metamaterial of upright plasmonic metamolecules
Optical magnetic response in three-dimensional metamaterial of upright plasmonic metamolecules Wei Ting Chen, 1 Chen Jung Chen, 1 Pin Chieh Wu, 1 Shulin Sun, 1,2 Lei Zhou, 3 Guang-Yu Guo, 1,4 Chinh Ting
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.optics] 25 Jan 2010
Twisted split-ring-resonator photonic metamaterial with huge optical activity M. Decker 1, R. Zhao 2,3, C.M. Soukoulis 3,4, S. Linden 1, and M. Wegener 1 arxiv:1001.4339v1 [physics.optics] 25 Jan 2010
More informationAsymmetric Chiral Metamaterial Multi-Band Circular Polarizer Based on Combined Twisted Double-Gap Split-Ring Resonators
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 49, 141 147, 2014 Asymmetric Chiral Metamaterial Multi-Band Circular Polarizer Based on Combined Twisted Double-Gap Split-Ring Resonators Wenshan Yuan 1, Honglei
More informationNegative refractive index response of weakly and strongly coupled optical metamaterials.
Negative refractive index response of weakly and strongly coupled optical metamaterials. Jiangfeng Zhou, 1 Thomas Koschny, 1, Maria Kafesaki, and Costas M. Soukoulis 1, 1 Ames Laboratory and Department
More informationDemonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Materials
Demonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Materials Shuang Zhang 1, Wenjun Fan 1, N. C. Panoiu 2, K. J. Malloy 1, R. M. Osgood 2 and S. R. J. Brueck 2 1. Center for High Technology Materials and Department
More informationSuppression of radiation loss by hybridization effect in two coupled split-ring resonators
Suppression of radiation loss by hybridization effect in two coupled split-ring resonators T. Q. Li, 1 H. Liu, 1, * T. Li, 1 S. M. Wang, 1 J. X. Cao, 1 Z. H. Zhu, 1 Z. G. Dong, 1 S. N. Zhu, 1 and X. Zhang
More informationRandom terahertz metamaterials
Random terahertz metamaterials Ranjan Singh, 1 Xinchao Lu, 1 Jianqiang Gu, 1,2 Zhen Tian, 1,2 and Weili Zhang 1,a) 1 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
More informationSpatial Coherence Properties of Organic Molecules Coupled to Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances in the Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes
Spatial Coherence Properties of Organic Molecules Coupled to Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances in the Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes Supplemental Material L. Shi, T. K. Hakala, H. T. Rekola, J. -P.
More informationMultiple Fano Resonances Structure for Terahertz Applications
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 50, 1 6, 2014 Multiple Fano Resonances Structure for Terahertz Applications Hadi Amarloo *, Daniel M. Hailu, and Safieddin Safavi-Naeini Abstract A new
More informationA negative permeability material at red light
A negative permeability material at red light Hsiao-Kuan Yuan, Uday K. Chettiar, Wenshan Cai, Alexander V. Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva*, Vladimir P. Drachev, and Vladimir M. Shalaev Birck Nanotechnology
More informationTowards optical left-handed metamaterials
FORTH Tomorrow: Modelling approaches for metamaterials Towards optical left-handed metamaterials M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, Th. Koschny, P. Tassin, E. N. Economou and C. M. Soukoulis Foundation for Research
More informationOptical Magnetism: from Red to Blue
Optical Magnetism: from Red to Blue Wenshan Cai, Uday K. Chettiar, Hsiao-Kuan Yuan, Vashista de Silva, Alexander V. Kildishev, Vladimir P. Drachev, and Vladimir M. Shalaev Birck Nanotechnology Center,
More informationNanoscale optical circuits: controlling light using localized surface plasmon resonances
Nanoscale optical circuits: controlling light using localized surface plasmon resonances T. J. Davis, D. E. Gómez and K. C. Vernon CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Localized surface plasmon (LSP)
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Simulations of the lm thickness dependence of plasmon modes on lms or disks on a 30 nm thick Si 3 N 4 substrate.
Supplementary Figure 1 Simulations of the lm thickness dependence of plasmon modes on lms or disks on a 30 nm thick Si 3 N 4 substrate. (a) Simulated plasmon energy at k=30 µm 1 for the surface plasmon
More informationTuning the far-field superlens: from UV to visible
Tuning the far-field superlens: from UV to visible Yi Xiong, Zhaowei Liu, Stéphane Durant, Hyesog Lee, Cheng Sun, and Xiang Zhang* 510 Etcheverry Hall, NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC),
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium
Supplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium with thickness L. Supplementary Figure Measurement of
More informationU-Shaped Nano-Apertures for Enhanced Optical Transmission and Resolution
U-Shaped Nano-Apertures for Enhanced Optical Transmission and Resolution Mustafa Turkmen 1,2,3, Serap Aksu 3,4, A. Engin Çetin 2,3, Ahmet A. Yanik 2,3, Alp Artar 2,3, Hatice Altug 2,3,4, * 1 Electrical
More informationWave propagation retrieval method for chiral metamaterials
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Mar 7, 09 Wave propagation retrieval method for chiral metamaterials Andryieuski, Andrei; Malureanu, Radu; Laurynenka, Andrei Published in: Optics Express Link to article,
More informationNegative index short-slab pair and continuous wires metamaterials in the far infrared regime
Negative index short-slab pair and continuous wires metamaterials in the far infrared regime T. F. Gundogdu 1,2*, N. Katsarakis 1,3, M. Kafesaki 1,2, R. S. Penciu 1, G. Konstantinidis 1, A. Kostopoulos
More informationMagnetic response of split-ring resonator metamaterials: From effective medium dispersion to photonic band gaps
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 78, No. 3 journal of March 2012 physics pp. 483 492 Magnetic response of split-ring resonator metamaterials: From effective medium dispersion to photonic band
More informationLocalized surface plasmons (LSPs) enable us to control
pubs.acs.org/journal/apchd5 Extinction and Scattering Properties of High-Order Surface Plasmon Modes in Silver Nanoparticles Probed by Combined Spatially Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and
More informationSupplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information Large-scale lithography-free metasurface with spectrally tunable super
More informationA Broadband Flexible Metamaterial Absorber Based on Double Resonance
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 46, 73 78, 2014 A Broadband Flexible Metamaterial Absorber Based on Double Resonance ong-min Lee* Abstract We present a broadband microwave metamaterial
More informationConstruction of Chiral Metamaterial with U-Shaped Resonator Assembly
Construction of Chiral Metamaterial with U-Shaped Resonator Assembly Xiang Xiong 1, Wei-Hua Sun 1, Yong-Jun Bao 2,1, Ru-Wen Peng 1, Mu Wang 1,*, Cheng Sun 2, Xiang Lu 3, Jun Shao 3, Zhi-Feng Li 3, Nai-Ben
More informationtransmission reflection absorption
Optical Cages V. Kumar*, J. P. Walker* and H. Grebel The Electronic Imaging Center and the ECE department at NJIT, Newark, NJ 0702. grebel@njit.edu * Contributed equally Faraday Cage [], a hollow structure
More informationObservation of a New Magnetic Response in 3-Dimensional Split Ring Resonators under Normal Incidence
Observation of a New Magnetic Response in 3-Dimensional Split Ring Resonators under Normal Incidence Sher-Yi Chiam 1,, Andrew A. Bettiol 1, Mohammed Bahou 2, JiaGuang Han 1, Herbert O. Moser 2 and Frank
More informationTowards the Lasing Spaser: Controlling. Metamaterial Optical Response with Semiconductor. Quantum Dots
Towards the Lasing Spaser: Controlling Metamaterial Optical Response with Semiconductor Quantum Dots E. Plum, V. A. Fedotov, P. Kuo, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev,, Optoelectronics Research Centre, University
More informationPlasmonic excitations in metallic nanoparticles: Resonances, dispersion characteristics and near-field patterns
Plasmonic excitations in metallic nanoparticles: Resonances, dispersion characteristics and near-field patterns Eugen Tatartschuk, 1 Ekaterina Shamonina, 1,* and Laszlo Solymar 2 1 Erlangen Graduate School
More informationSCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON METAL NANOPARTICLES. Tomáš Váry, Juraj Chlpík, Peter Markoš
SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON METAL NANOPARTICLES Tomáš Váry, Juraj Chlpík, Peter Markoš ÚJFI, FEI STU, Bratislava E-mail: tomas.vary@stuba.sk Received xx April 2012; accepted xx May 2012. 1.
More informationUltralocal Modification of Surface Plasmons Properties in Silver Nanocubes
pubs.acs.org/nanolett Ultralocal Modification of Surface Plasmons Properties in Silver Nanocubes Stefano Mazzucco, Nicolas Geuquet, Jian Ye, Odile Steṕhan, Willem Van Roy, Pol Van Dorpe, Luc Henrard, and
More informationInvited Paper ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION
Invited Paper Numerical Prediction of the Effect of Nanoscale Surface Roughness on Film-coupled Nanoparticle Plasmon Resonances Chatdanai Lumdee and Pieter G. Kik *,, CREOL, the College of Optics and Photonics;
More informationA SYMMETRICAL DUAL-BAND TERAHERTZ META- MATERIAL WITH CRUCIFORM AND SQUARE LOOPS. Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai , China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 33, 259 267, 2012 A SYMMETRICAL DUAL-BAND TERAHERTZ META- MATERIAL WITH CRUCIFORM AND SQUARE LOOPS B. Li 1, *, L. X. He 2, Y. Z. Yin 1, W. Y. Guo 2, 3, and
More informationFlexible chiral metamaterials in the terahertz regime: a comparative study of various designs
Flexible chiral metamaterials in the terahertz regime: a comparative study of various designs G. Kenanakis, 1,2,* R. Zhao, 3 A. Stavrinidis, 1 G. Konstantinidis, 1 N. Katsarakis, 1,2 M. Kafesaki, 1,4 C.
More informationDUAL-BAND TERAHERTZ CHIRAL METAMATERIAL WITH GIANT OPTICAL ACTIVITY AND NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX BASED ON CROSS-WIRE STRU- CURE
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 31, 59 69, 2013 DUAL-BAND TERAHERTZ CHIRAL METAMATERIAL WITH GIANT OPTICAL ACTIVITY AND NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX BASED ON CROSS-WIRE STRU- CURE Fang Fang
More informationSPP-associated dual left-handed bands and field enhancement in metal-dielectric-metal metamaterial perforated by asymmetric cross hole arrays
SPP-associated dual left-handed bands and field enhancement in metal-dielectric-metal metamaterial perforated by asymmetric cross hole arrays P. Ding 1,2, E. J. Liang 1,*, W. Q. Hu 1, Q. Zhou 1, L. Zhang
More informationNegative Index of Refraction in Optical Metamaterials
1 Negative Index of Refraction in Optical Metamaterials V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
More informationB. Zhu, Z. Wang, C. Huang, Y. Feng, J. Zhao, and T. Jiang Department of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing , China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 101, 231 239, 2010 POLARIZATION INSENSITIVE METAMATERIAL ABSORBER WITH WIDE INCIDENT ANGLE B. Zhu, Z. Wang, C. Huang, Y. Feng, J. Zhao, and T. Jiang Department
More informationSteering polarization of infrared light through hybridization effect in a tri-rod structure
B96 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B/ Vol. 26, No. 12/ December 2009 Cao et al. Steering polarization of infrared light through hybridization effect in a tri-rod structure Jingxiao Cao, 1 Hui Liu, 1,3 Tao Li, 1 Shuming
More informationNegative refractive index due to chirality
Negative refractive index due to chirality Jiangfeng Zhou, 1 Jianfeng Dong,, 1 Bingnan Wang, 1 Thomas Koschny, 1, 3 Maria Kafesaki, 3 and Costas M. Soukoulis 1, 3 1 Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics
More informationReply to Comment on Negative refractive index in artificial. metamaterials (preprint arxiv.org:physics/ )
Reply to Comment on Negative refractive index in artificial metamaterials (preprint arxiv.org:physics/0609234) A. N. Grigorenko, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester,
More informationA Study on the Suitability of Indium Nitride for Terahertz Plasmonics
A Study on the Suitability of Indium Nitride for Terahertz Plasmonics Arjun Shetty 1*, K. J. Vinoy 1, S. B. Krupanidhi 2 1 Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,
More informationImage resolution of surface-plasmon-mediated near-field focusing with planar metal films in three dimensions using finite-linewidth dipole sources
Image resolution of surface-plasmon-mediated near-field focusing with planar metal films in three dimensions using finite-linewidth dipole sources Pieter G. Kik,* Stefan A. Maier, and Harry A. Atwater
More informationSub-wavelength focusing meta-lens
Sub-wavelength focusing meta-lens Tapashree Roy, 1 Edward T. F. Rogers, 1 and Nikolay I. Zheludev 1,2,* 1 Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton,
More informationDesign and Characterization of a Dual-Band Metamaterial Absorber Based on Destructive Interferences
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 47, 95, 24 Design and Characterization of a Dual-Band Metamaterial Absorber Based on Destructive Interferences Saeid Jamilan, *, Mohammad N. Azarmanesh, and
More information90 degree polarization rotator using a bilayered chiral metamaterial with giant optical activity
90 degree polarization rotator using a bilayered chiral metamaterial with giant optical activity Yuqian Ye 1 and Sailing He 1,2,* 1 Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory
More informationlimitations J. Zhou, E. N. Economou and C. M. Soukoulis
Mesoscopic Physics in Complex Media, 01011 (010) DOI:10.1051/iesc/010mpcm01011 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 010 Optical metamaterials: Possibilities and limitations M. Kafesaki, R.
More informationCoherent thermal emission by excitation of magnetic polaritons between periodic strips and a metallic film
Coherent thermal emission by excitation of magnetic polaritons between periodic strips and a metallic film B. J. Lee, L. P. Wang, and Z. M. Zhang George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia
More informationA Subwavelength Extraordinary-Optical-Transmission Channel in Babinet Metamaterials
A Subwavelength Extraordinary-Optical-Transmission Channel in Babinet Metamaterials W.-C. Chen, N. I. Landy, K. Kempa, and W. J. Padilla * The study of light coupling to small apertures in metallic films
More informationAlexandra Boltasseva Purdue University Technical University of Denmark SAOT Erlangen University
FABRICATION APPROACHES FOR MAKING PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS Alexandra Boltasseva Purdue University Technical University of Denmark SAOT Erlangen University OUTLINE First negative index metamaterials Fabrication
More informationSplit Cylinder Resonators with a New Magnetic Resonance in the Midinfrared under Normal Incidence
Split Cylinder Resonators with a New Magnetic Resonance in the Midinfrared under Normal Incidence Sher-Yi Chiam, Andrew A. Bettiol, JiaGuang Han, and Frank Watt Department of Physics, Science Drive 3,
More informationNegative index metamaterial combining magnetic resonators with metal films
Negative index metamaterial combining magnetic resonators with metal films Uday K. Chettiar, Alexander V. Kildishev, Thomas A. Klar, and Vladimir M. Shalaev Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University,
More informationLocalized surface-plasmon resonances and negative refractive index in nanostructured electromagnetic metamaterials
Localized surface-plasmon resonances and negative refractive index in nanostructured electromagnetic metamaterials J. Parsons, E. Hendry, J. R. Sambles, and W. L. Barnes School of Physics, University of
More informationMULTI-BAND CIRCULAR POLARIZER USING ARCHI- MEDEAN SPIRAL STRUCTURE CHIRAL METAMA- TERIAL WITH ZERO AND NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 141, 645 657, 2013 MULTI-BAND CIRCULAR POLARIZER USING ARCHI- MEDEAN SPIRAL STRUCTURE CHIRAL METAMA- TERIAL WITH ZERO AND NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX Liyun Xie,
More informationNon-left-handed transmission and bianisotropic effect in a π-shaped metallic metamaterial
Non-left-handed transmission and bianisotropic effect in a π-shaped metallic metamaterial Zheng-Gao Dong, 1,* Shuang-Ying Lei, 2 Qi Li, 1 Ming-Xiang Xu, 1 Hui Liu, 3 Tao Li, 3 Fu-Ming Wang, 3 and Shi-Ning
More informationAluminum for nonlinear plasmonics: Methods Section
Aluminum for nonlinear plasmonics: Methods Section Marta Castro-Lopez, Daan Brinks, Riccardo Sapienza, and Niek F. van Hulst, ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, and ICREA - Institució Catalana de
More informationNano fabrication and optical characterization of nanostructures
Introduction to nanooptics, Summer Term 2012, Abbe School of Photonics, FSU Jena, Prof. Thomas Pertsch Nano fabrication and optical characterization of nanostructures Lecture 12 1 Optical characterization
More informationPHYSICAL REVIEW B 77,
Creation of a magnetic plasmon polariton through strong coupling between an artificial magnetic atom and the defect state in a defective multilayer microcavity D. Y. Lu, 1 H. Liu, 1, * T. Li, 1 S. M. Wang,
More informationSupplementary information for. plasmonic nanorods interacting with J-aggregates.
Supplementary information for Approaching the strong coupling limit in single plasmonic nanorods interacting with J-aggregates. by Gülis Zengin, Göran Johansson, Peter Johansson, Tomasz J. Antosiewicz,
More informationTitle. Author(s)Nagasaki, Akira; Saitoh, Kunimasa; Koshiba, Masanori. CitationOptics Express, 19(4): Issue Date Doc URL.
Title Polarization characteristics of photonic crystal fib Author(s)Nagasaki, Akira; Saitoh, Kunimasa; Koshiba, Masanori CitationOptics Express, 19(4): 3799-3808 Issue Date 2011-02-14 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45257
More informationMicrostrip Coupler with Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR)
Microstrip Coupler with Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) E-242 Course Project Report Submitted by, EMIL MATHEW JOSEPH 4810-411-091-07049 Guided by, Prof. K J VINOY Department of Electrical and
More informationPhotonic/Plasmonic Structures from Metallic Nanoparticles in a Glass Matrix
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2008 Hannover Photonic/Plasmonic Structures from Metallic Nanoparticles in a Glass Matrix O.Kiriyenko,1, W.Hergert 1, S.Wackerow 1, M.Beleites 1 and
More informationObservation of coupled plasmon-polariton modes of plasmon waveguides for electromagnetic energy transport below the diffraction limit
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 722 2002 Materials Research Society Observation of coupled plasmon-polariton modes of plasmon waveguides for electromagnetic energy transport below the diffraction limit
More informationOn the signs of the imaginary parts of the effective permittivity and permeability in metamaterials
1016 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B/ Vol. 27, No. 5/ May 2010 J. Woodley and M. Mojahedi On the signs of the imaginary parts of the effective permittivity and permeability in metamaterials J. Woodley 1, * and M. Mojahedi
More informationStrong coupling between mid-infrared localized plasmons and phonons
Strong coupling between mid-infrared localized plasmons and phonons Weiwei Wan, 1 Xiaodong Yang, 1,2 and Jie Gao 1,* 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science
More informationCollective effects in second-harmonic generation from plasmonic oligomers
Supporting Information Collective effects in second-harmonic generation from plasmonic oligomers Godofredo Bautista,, *, Christoph Dreser,,, Xiaorun Zang, Dieter P. Kern,, Martti Kauranen, and Monika Fleischer,,*
More informationsgsp agsp W=20nm W=50nm Re(n eff (e) } Re{E z Im{E x Supplementary Figure 1: Gap surface plasmon modes in MIM waveguides.
(a) 2.4 (b) (c) W Au y Electric field (a.u) x SiO 2 (d) y Au sgsp x Energy (ev) 2. 1.6 agsp W=5nm W=5nm 1.2 1 2 3 4.1.1 1 1 Re(n eff ) -1-5 5 1 x (nm) W = 2nm E = 2eV Im{E x } Re{E z } sgsp Electric field
More informationEnhancing and suppressing radiation with some permeability-near-zero structures
Enhancing and suppressing radiation with some permeability-near-zero structures Yi Jin 1,2 and Sailing He 1,2,3,* 1 Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
More informationTheoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials
Photonics and Nanostructures Fundamentals and Applications 4 (2006) 12 16 www.elsevier.com/locate/photonics Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials R.S. Penciu a,b, *, M. Kafesaki
More informationWednesday 3 September Session 3: Metamaterials Theory (16:15 16:45, Huxley LT308)
Session 3: Metamaterials Theory (16:15 16:45, Huxley LT308) (invited) TBC Session 3: Metamaterials Theory (16:45 17:00, Huxley LT308) Light trapping states in media with longitudinal electric waves D McArthur,
More informationMechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain material
Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain material Zhixiang Huang, 1,2 Sotiris Droulias, 3* Thomas Koschny, 1 and Costas M. Soukoulis 1,3 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames
More informationTerahertz antireflection coating enabled by a subwavelength metallic mesh capped with a thin dielectric film
Invited Paper Terahertz antireflection coating enabled by a subwavelength metallic mesh capped with a thin dielectric film Li Huang 1*, Beibei Zeng 2, Chun-Chieh Chang 2 and Hou-Tong Chen 2* 1 Physics
More information2 Transformation Optics
2 Transformation Optics Martin Wegener Abstract We briefly reviewed the concept of transformation optics for designing functionalities. We also gave recent experimental examples from different areas of
More informationNano Optics Based on Coupled Metal Nanoparticles
Nano Optics Based on Coupled Metal Nanoparticles Shangjr Gwo ( 果尚志 ) Department of Physics National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan E-mail: gwo@phys.nthu.edu.tw NDHU-Phys (2010/03/01) Background
More informationNOVEL BROADBAND TERAHERTZ NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX METAMATERIALS: ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 64, 25 218, 26 NOVEL BROADBAND TERAHERTZ NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX METAMATERIALS: ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT N. Wongkasem and A. Akyurtlu Department of Electrical
More informationElectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has recently
pubs.acs.org/nanolett Terms of Use CC-BY Morphing a Plasmonic Nanodisk into a Nanotriangle Franz P. Schmidt,, Harald Ditlbacher, Ferdinand Hofer, Joachim R. Krenn, and Ulrich Hohenester*, Institut fu r
More informationOverview. 1. What range of ε eff, µ eff parameter space is accessible to simple metamaterial geometries? ``
MURI-Transformational Electromagnetics Innovative use of Metamaterials in Confining, Controlling, and Radiating Intense Microwave Pulses University of New Mexico August 21, 2012 Engineering Dispersive
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Nano-scale plasmonic motors driven by light Ming Liu 1, Thomas Zentgraf 1, Yongmin Liu 1, Guy Bartal 1 & Xiang Zhang 1,2 1 NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC),
More informationMetallic nanoparticles have recently been the center
pubs.acs.org/nanolett Two-Dimensional Quasistatic Stationary Short Range Surface Plasmons in Flat Nanoprisms J. Nelayah, M. Kociak,*, O. Stéphan, N. Geuquet, L. Henrard, F. J. García de Abajo, I. Pastoriza-Santos,
More informationBroadband Absorption in the Cavity Resonators with Changed Order
Broadband Absorption in the Cavity Resonators with Changed Order Agata Roszkiewicz Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
More informationFrom optical graphene to topological insulator
From optical graphene to topological insulator Xiangdong Zhang Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China zhangxd@bit.edu.cn Collaborator: Wei Zhong (PhD student, BNU) Outline Background: From solid
More informationSurface plasmon modes revealed by fast electron based spectroscopies
Surface plasmon modes revealed by fast electron based spectroscopies Arthur Losquin Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Orsay, France Soutenance de thèse - 25/10/2013 Directeur
More informationUltra-Compact Multi-Band Chiral Metamaterial Circular Polarizer Based on Triple Twisted Split-Ring Resonator
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 155, 105 113, 2016 Ultra-Compact Multi-Band Chiral Metamaterial Circular Polarizer Based on Triple Twisted Split-Ring Resonator Yongzhi Cheng 1, 2, *, Chenjun
More informationBiosensing based on slow plasmon nanocavities
iosensing based on slow plasmon nanocavities. Sepulveda, 1, Y. Alaverdyan,. rian, M. Käll 1 Nanobiosensors and Molecular Nanobiophysics Group Research Center on Nanoscience and Nanotechnolog (CIN)CSIC-ICN
More informationPlasmonics. The long wavelength of light ( μm) creates a problem for extending optoelectronics into the nanometer regime.
Plasmonics The long wavelength of light ( μm) creates a problem for extending optoelectronics into the nanometer regime. A possible way out is the conversion of light into plasmons. They have much shorter
More informationTwo-Photon Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Metallic Nanostructures for Plasmonic Metamaterials
Two-Photon Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Metallic Nanostructures for Plasmonic Metamaterials Atsushi ISHIKAWA 1 and Takuo TANAKA 1,2 1- Metamaterials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198,
More informationTuning of superconducting niobium nitride terahertz metamaterials
Tuning of superconducting niobium nitride terahertz metamaterials Jingbo Wu, Biaobing Jin,* Yuhua Xue, Caihong Zhang, Hao Dai, Labao Zhang, Chunhai Cao, Lin Kang, Weiwei Xu, Jian Chen and Peiheng Wu Research
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Light emission near a gradient metasurface Leonard C. Kogos and Roberto Paiella Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston,
More informationDual-band Circular Polarizer and Linear Polarization Transformer Based on Twisted Split-Ring Structure Asymmetric Chiral Metamaterial
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 145, 263 272, 2014 Dual-band Circular Polarizer and Linear Polarization Transformer Based on Twisted Split-Ring Structure Asymmetric Chiral Metamaterial Yong
More informationOptical cavity modes in gold shell particles
9 Optical cavity modes in gold shell particles Gold (Au) shell particles with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light exhibit a special resonance, with a tenfold field enhancement over almost
More information