Chapter 4 Molecular Compounds 4.11 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds (No Metals!)
|
|
- Juliana O’Neal’
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 4 Molecular Compounds 4.11 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds (No Metals!) When different elements combine, they form a binary compound. The electronegative element is written first. - A nonmetal farther left on the periodic table generally comes before a nonmetal farther right. - The IUPAC ordering scheme is: B, Si, C, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F (you do not need to memorize this.) Molecular formulas require identifying exactly how many atoms of each element are included. Rules: 1. Name the first element in the formula, using a prefix if needed. - Greek prefixes are used to designate the number of atoms of each element present (omit on first element.). - The final o or a is dropped when the prefix is attached to a name starting with the letter 'o', (e.g., CO is carbon monoxide not mono carbon monooxide) 2. Name the second element with a prefix and ending. Ch 4 Page 1
2 - Examples: N 2 O 3 SF 6 BBr 3 P 2 O 5 CCl 4 Exceptions (common names of binary compounds) - CH 4 methane (and other organic chemicals) - NO nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) - N 2 O nitrous oxide (dinitrogen monoxide) (laughing gas) - NH 3 ammonia gas - H 2 O water Ch 4 Page 2
3 4.1 Covalent Bonds The attractive forces that hold atoms together to form a chemical bond come in 2 general types: Ionic Bond (covered in the last chapter) - One or more valence electrons are from one atom to another. - This allows them to achieve a full. - Atoms are held together by force of (+) to (-). - This is the most common form of bonding between a and a. Covalent Bond - A bond formed by electrons between atoms. - This allows them to achieve a full. - Atoms are held together by connection. - This is the most common form of bonding between a and another nonmetal. - Molecule A group of held together by covalent bonds Ch 4 Page 3
4 Attractive and Repulsive Forces When two atoms approach we get a mixture of attractive and repulsive forces: - Nuclei each other - Electrons each other - Nuclei electrons If the attractive forces > repulsive forces, a is formed. Covalent Bonding in Hydrogen (H2): - Spherical 1s orbitals to give an egg-shaped region. - H-H, H:H and H 2 all represent a hydrogen. The size of the attractive and repulsive forces depends on the distance between the two nuclei. - Too far - weak - Too close - strong Bond Length: The distance between nuclei in a bond. Ch 4 Page 4
5 Covalent bonds can also be made by the overlap of orbitals. Chlorine exists as a molecule due to the overlap of 3p orbitals This can also be shown as: As we learned earlier, in addition to H 2 and Cl 2, there are 5 more elements that exist as diatomic molecules. (N 2, O 2, F 2, Br 2, I 2 ) for a total of 4.2 Covalent Bonds and the Periodic Table A molecular compound is one that is made up of not ions In these compounds, each atom shares enough electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration, or. Ch 4 Page 5
6 Electron Dot Structures (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Structures) for Molecular Compounds These are a way of representing the number of electrons surrounding or shared by each covalently bonded atom. These are cartoons, not realistic structures. - Lewis dot structures are only relevant for representative main group elements. - Remember, of the group number indicates the number of electrons in the valence s and p orbitals. - When atoms combine to form molecules Shared electrons are called Unshared electrons are called lone electrons or Completing the Octet Atoms tend to create enough bonds and share enough electrons in order to form a stable set of 8 electrons around each atom (i.e. OCTET RULE). The Octet Rule is a GUIDELINE that is often broken: Ch 4 Page 6
7 Exceptions to the octet rule Less than 8: More than 8: Only and below elements (like PCl 5 and SF 6 ) There needs to be orbitals available. Period 1 has only s (2). Period 2 has only s & p (8) Period 3 has s & p & d Problem: Which of the following molecules are likely to exist (y/n)? (a) (b) (c) (d) (a). (b).. (c). (d). Ch 4 Page 7
8 4.3 Multiple Covalent Bonds The bonding in some molecules cannot be explained by sharing a single pair of electrons. Some molecules will unpaired electrons and share more than 2 e- in order to satisfy the octet rule. Single bond - A covalent bond formed by sharing electron pair. (Represented by a single line: H-H) Double bond - A covalent bond formed by sharing electron pairs. (Represented by a double line: O=O) Example for the formation of a double bond. Triple bond A covalent bond formed by sharing electron pairs. (Represented by a triple line: N N) Example for the formation of a triple bond. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are the elements most often present in multiple bonds. and will form double and triple bonds. only forms double bonds. Multiple covalent bonding is particularly common in organic molecules, which consist predominantly of the element. Note that in compounds containing multiple bonds, C still forms covalent bonds, N still forms covalent bonds, and O still forms covalent bonds. Ch 4 Page 8
9 4.4 Coordinate Covalent Bonds A coordinate covalent bond is the covalent bond that forms when both electrons are donated by the atom.. Once formed, a coordinate covalent bond is as any other covalent bond. An example of coordinate covalent bond formation is: All 4 N-H bonds in the product are. covalent bonds often result in unusual bonding patterns, such as nitrogen with four covalent bonds, or oxygen with three bonds (H 3 O + ). metals are good at forming coordinate covalent bonds to form coordination compounds. (They can be used to remove toxic metals) 4.5 Characteristics of Molecular Compounds Ionic compounds have - melting and boiling points - oppositely ions - attractive forces between particles. Ch 4 Page 9
10 Molecular compounds have - melting and boiling points - particles - attractive forces between molecules called forces - don t conduct The strength of the intermolecular forces affects the physical state. Very weak intermolecular forces Þ. Intermediate intermolecular forces Þ. Strongest intermolecular forces Þ. - Molecular solids are rarely soluble in water, and - conduct electricity when melted. Ch 4 Page 10
11 4.6 Molecular Formulas and Lewis Structures Formulas come in more than one style. Molecular formula A formula that shows the numbers and kinds of atoms in one molecule of a compound. e.g. - A formula gives the number of atoms that are combined in one molecule. - An formula gives only a ratio of ions (for a formula unit). Structural formula - A molecular representation that shows the connections among atoms by using lines to represent covalent bonds. When Dots are added to the structural formula to show any unpaired electrons, we get a complete: Lewis structure - A molecular representation that shows both the connections among atoms and the locations of lone-pair valence electrons. (It does imply the shape of the molecule!) Lone pair - A pair of electrons that is not used for bonding. NH3 has bonding pairs and lone pair. Larger, more complex molecules like isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) can be represented as: - Molecular formula - Condensed formula - Structural formula Ch 4 Page 11
12 For very large organic molecules it is often useful to take an even bigger shortcut to writing formulas that still imply structural information. Shorthand (Line-Bond/skeletal) Notation for Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Writing out even the condensed formula for organic molecules can become very burdensome, because of the large size of many molecules. Each bond is represented by a line in a zig-zag. The end of each line shown is assumed to be a carbon atom, unless expressly shown otherwise. Each carbon atom must have bonds. Any bonds not shown are assumed to be C-H bonds. (C atoms will not have lone pairs of electrons.) Halogens, O, and N atoms require a full octet. If they have less than a full octet in the line-bond structure, they fill the octet with lone pairs of electrons. Remember to count the initial carbon! Simple examples: Propane Butane Decane condensed structural line-bond formula formula structure A little bit more complex example. CH 3 CH 2 CHCClCH 3 Ch 4 Page 12
13 Problem: Write condensed formulas and skeletal line-bond structures for: Problem: Determine the molecular formula for the following: OH Ch 4 Page 13
14 4.7 Drawing Lewis Structures Rules for Writing Lewis Dot Structures for Molecules 1. Add up valence electrons from all atoms - It does not matter which atom they come from. - 1 e - for each (-) charge - 1 e - for each (+) charge 2. Identify the central and terminal atoms and write the skeletal structure - The central atom will usually be one of the lowest electronegativity (least electron loving) (H excepted) - Electronegativity is the degree to which an atom can draw a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond towards itself. 3. Draw a bond between each pair of atoms. - Each bond uses up of the available e Assign remaining e- to - elements first to fill octet (duet for H) 5. If there are leftover e-, - place them on atoms that have empty d orbitals (period 3 and below). 6. If all e- are used up and the central atoms do not have completed octets, - move one or more lone pairs to form a bond. Ch 4 Page 14
15 Usually for C, N, O, X (halogen) and H - C forms covalent bonds and lone pairs. - N forms covalent bonds and lone pairs. - O forms covalent bonds and lone pairs. - X forms covalent bonds and lone pairs. - H forms covalent bond Examples for Rows (Octet rule never exceeded) H2O NH3 HCN Ch 4 Page 15
16 Problem: Draw the Lewis structure for N2H4 and CO2 Problem: How many double bonds and lone pairs should be shown for the molecule to the right?? 1) Double Bonds a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. No double bonds are present 2) Lone Pairs a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6 Problem: What is the most likely value of x in the molecule CHClx? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Ch 4 Page 16
Covalent & Metallic Bonding
Covalent & Metallic Bonding Metallic Bonding Metals are made of closely packed cations. These cations have a number of valence electrons floating around them as what we call a sea of electrons. Metallic
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding CHAPTER 8 Table Of Contents Section 8.2 Section 8.3 Section 8.4 Section 8.5 Naming Molecules Molecular Structures Molecular Shapes Electronegativity
More informationCOVALENT COMPOUNDS. Back to Lewis Dot Structures and Valence Electrons!
COVALENT COMPOUNDS Back to Lewis Dot Structures and Valence Electrons! Review of Lewis Dot Structures Electron Dot Structures contain: Element s Symbol: representing the atom s nucleus and inner electrons
More informationReview Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214
Review Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214 Title: Jan 5 8:43 AM (1 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:18 AM (2 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:22 AM (3 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:26 AM (4 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:28 AM (5
More informationWhat are covalent bonds?
Covalent Bonds What are covalent bonds? Covalent Bonds A covalent bond is formed when neutral atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds form between two or more non-metal
More informationName Date Class. covalent bond molecule sigma bond exothermic pi bond
Date Class 8 Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond In your textbook, read about the nature of covalent bonds. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. covalent bond molecule
More informationCovalent Bonds Ch. Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons
Covalent Bonds Ch. Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons For covalent bonds there is a of electrons to get an
More informationCovalent Bonding bonding that results from the sharing of electron pairs.
Unit 5 Notes Covalent Bonding, Covalent Compounds, and Intermolecular Forces Chemical Bond a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms
More informationOutline Introduction: Multiple bonds, Bond. strength. Naming molecules Drawing Lewis Structures Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory Bond Polarity
Covalent Bonding Outline Introduction: Multiple bonds, Bond strength Naming molecules Drawing Lewis Structures Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory Bond Polarity Why do atoms bond? Recall that noble gases
More informationChapter 8: Bonding. Section 8.1: Lewis Dot Symbols
Chapter 8: Bonding Section 8.1: Lewis Dot Symbols The Lewis electron dot symbol is named after Gilbert Lewis. In the Lewis dot symbol, the element symbol represents the nucleus and the inner electrons.
More informationCovalent Bonds. Unit 4b.1: Covalent bonds. Unit 4b ( se ven c la s s peri od s) Name:
Name: Covalent Bonds Unit 4b ( se ven c la s s peri od s) Unit 4b.1: Covalent bonds 1) A different type of intramolecular force (bond) a) Ionic compounds form between ions i) Electrons are transferred
More informationMolecular Compounds Compounds that are bonded covalently (like in water, or carbon dioxide) are called molecular compounds
Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding Section 1: Molecular Compounds Bonds are Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Two types: Ionic bonds transfer of electrons (gained or
More informationChapter 8. Ions and the Noble Gas. Chapter Electron transfer leads to the formation of ionic compounds
Chapter 8 Chemical Bonding: General Concepts 1 8.1 Electron transfer leads to the formation of ionic compounds Ionic compounds form when metals and nonmetals react The attraction between positive and negative
More informationMolecular Structure and Bonding. Assis.Prof.Dr.Mohammed Hassan Lecture 2
Molecular Structure and Bonding Assis.Prof.Dr.Mohammed Hassan Lecture 2 Lewis structures: Lewis Theory The octet rule All elements except hydrogen ( hydrogen have a duet of electrons) have octet of electrons
More informationAIM: HOW TO FORM COVALENT BONDS
AIM: HOW TO FORM COVALENT BONDS DO NOW: EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IONIC BONDING AND COVALENT BONDS. INCLUDE HOW THE PROPERTIES DIFFER IN SALTS AND MOLECULES, AND WHICH ELEMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN EACH
More informationCP Covalent Bonds Ch. 8 &
CP Covalent Bonds Ch. 8 & 9 2015-2016 Why do atoms bond? Atoms want stability- to achieve a noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons For covalent
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationChapter 8 : Covalent Bonding. Section 8.1: Molecular Compounds
Chapter 8 : Covalent Bonding Section 8.1: Molecular Compounds What is a molecule? A molecular compound? A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds A molecular compound is
More informationChemical bonding is the combining of elements to form new substances.
Name Covalent Bonding and Nomenclature: Unit Objective Study Guide Class Period Date Due 1. Define chemical bonding. What is chemical bonding? Chemical bonding is the combining of elements to form new
More informationThursday Agenda. Do Now Pull out your POGIL packets and a scrap sheet of paper. Review POGIL exercise Covalent Bonding notes.
Thursday 10.27.16 Do Now Pull out your POGIL packets and a scrap sheet of paper Agenda Review POGIL exercise Covalent Bonding notes LDD for compounds Homework Covalent Bonding Bonding Ionic Bonding - attracted
More informationChapter 4 Lecture Outline. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 4 Lecture Outline 1 Copyright McGraw-ill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4.1 Introduction to Covalent Bonding Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between
More informationChapter 8 Notes. Covalent Bonding
Chapter 8 Notes Covalent Bonding Molecules and Molecular Compounds Helium and Neon are monoatomic, meaning they exist as single atoms Some compounds exist as crystalline solids, such as NaCl Others exist
More informationChapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationCHAPTER 6: CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS CHAPTER 16: COVALENT BONDING
CHAPTER 6: CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS CHAPTER 16: COVALENT BONDING 6.1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different
More information6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding Name:
6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding Name: A. Chemical bond Favored by nature because: 3 main types of bonds 1. 2. 3. B. Ionic Bonds C. Covalent Bonds D. Metallic Bond E. Bond Determination RECALL: Electronegativity
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline. Chemical Bond Concept
Chem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline Slide 2 Chemical Bond Concept Recall that an atom has and electrons. Core electrons are found to the nucleus. Valence electrons are found in the s
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING. Valence Electrons. Chapter Ten
CHEMICAL BONDING Chapter Ten Valence Electrons! The electrons occupying the outermost energy level of an atom are called the valence electrons; all other electrons are called the core electrons.! The valence
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationStudy flashcards. Elements Polyatomic ions: be sure to learn the chemical. Slide 1of 29
Study flashcards Elements Polyatomic ions: be sure to learn the chemical formula AND the charge 1of 29 Write the formula for: 1. Phosphate PO 4 3 2. Nitrate NO 3 3. Carbonate CO 3 2 4. Sulfate SO 4 2 5.
More informationLesson 11: Covalent Bonding
NOTES Name: Date: Class: Lesson 11: Covalent Bonding Reminder: List of Information you can get from the Periodic Table 1. Groups/families and their names 2. Periods 3. Period number = number of electron
More informationChapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6-1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds Valence electrons are attracted to other atoms, and that determines the kind of chemical bonding that occurs between
More informationChapter 8 Covalent Boding
Chapter 8 Covalent Boding Molecules & Molecular Compounds In nature, matter takes many forms. The noble gases exist as atoms. They are monatomic; monatomic they consist of single atoms. Hydrogen chloride
More informationName Honors Chemistry / /
Name Honors Chemistry / / Lewis Structures & Resonance Structures Last chapter we studied ionic compounds. In ionic compounds electrons are gained or lost. In this chapter we are going to study covalent
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds A general comparison of metals and nonmetals. Chemical Bonds Types of Chemical Bonding 1. Metal with nonmetal: electron transfer and ionic bonding 2. Nonmetal
More informationBonding Test pg 1 of 4 Name: Pd. Date:
Bonding Test pg 1 of 4 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? 1. A) 2 B) 3 C)
More informationName Date Class STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. covalent bond molecule sigma bond exothermic pi bond
Covalent Bonding Section 9.1 The Covalent Bond In your textbook, read about the nature of covalent bonds. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. covalent bond molecule sigma bond
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationChemical Bonding I: Covalent Bonding. How are atoms held together in compounds?
I: Covalent Bonding How are atoms held together in compounds? IONIC or COVALENT bonds or forces For most atoms, a filled outer shell contains 8 electrons ----- an octet Atoms want to form octets when they
More informationName Date Class MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS. Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides
8.1 MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Section Review Objectives Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides Vocabulary covalent bond molecule diatomic molecule
More information!"##$%&'()$*+,%'-./'
!"##$%&()$*+,%-./ 0,1,%$234%5$1673896:2:567$2(),#6;+%& 6!#6+)! CHAPTER 3-4: Concepts to Know! The difference between ionic and covalent bonds! Define cations and anions! Predict cation/anion
More informationCHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING
CHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING Problems: 1-26, 27c, 28, 33-34, 35b, 36(a-c), 37(a,b,d), 38a, 39-40, 41-42(a,c), 43-58, 67-74 12.1 THE CHEMICAL BOND CONCEPT chemical bond: what holds atoms or ions together
More informationChapter 8: Covalent Bonding. Chapter 8
: Covalent Bonding Bonding Ionic Bonding - attracted to each other, but not fully committed Covalent Bonding - fully committed, and shares everything Two methods to gain or lose valence electrons: Transfer
More informationIts Bonding Time. Chemical Bonds CH 12
Its Bonding Time Chemical Bonds CH 12 What is a chemical bond? Octet Rule: Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its
More informationChapter 16 Covalent Bonding
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 16 Covalent Bonding Chapter 16: 1 26; 28, 30, 31, 35-37, 40, 43-46, Extra Credit: 50-53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62-67 Section 16.1 The Nature of Covalent Bonding Practice Problems
More informationName Date Class MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS. Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides
8.1 MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Section Review Objectives Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides Vocabulary covalent bond molecule diatomic molecule
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationChapter 4: Covalent Bonding and Chemical Structure Representation
Chapter 4: Covalent Bonding and Chemical Structure Representation The Octet Rule -An atom with 8 electrons (an octet ) in its outer shell has the same number of valence electrons as the noble gas in the
More informationBIG IDEA: A covalent bond forms when nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electons with one another
Chemistry 20 notes molecular compounds BIG IDEA: A covalent bond forms when nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electons with one another Can be solid, liquid or gas at SATP (Standard Ambient Temperature
More informationA. Lewis Dots and Valence electrons: Uses to represent
Unit 5: Chemical bonding, names and formulas Ch. 7 & 8 7.1 Ions and Ionic Compounds I. Define Ion NAME Period: A. Lewis Dots and Valence electrons: Uses to represent B. Rule: Every atom wants a valence
More informationCopyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound
: Chemical Bonding 8-1 8.1 Types of Bonds : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound Two types of chemical bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds 8-2 1 8.1 Types of Bonds 8-3 8.1 Types of
More informationSection 8.1 The Covalent Bond
Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Apply the octet rule to atoms that form covalent bonds. Describe the formation of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Contrast sigma and pi bonds. Relate the strength
More informationCHEMISTRY & YOU What is the difference between the oxygen you breathe and the oxygen in ozone in the atmosphere?
CHEMISTRY & YOU What is the difference between the oxygen you breathe and the oxygen in ozone in the atmosphere? Our atmosphere contains two different molecules that are both made of oxygen atoms. The
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. 3 Major Types: Ionic bonds transfer
More informationHonors Chemistry Unit 6 ( )
Honors Chemistry Unit 6 (2017-2018) Lewis Dot Structures VSEPR Structures 1 We are learning to: 1. Represent compounds with Lewis structures. 2. Apply the VSEPR theory to determine the molecular geometry
More informationCovalent Bonding and Molecular Structures
CHAPTERS 9 AND 10 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structures Objectives You will be able to: 1. Write a description of the formation of the covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms to form a hydrogen molecule.
More informationAdapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction
Adapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction A chemical bond is an intramolecular (within the molecule) force holding two or more atoms together. Covalent
More informationChemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together
Chemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together When atoms form chemical bonds their valence electrons move around. This makes atoms
More information4/7/2017. Chapter 5. Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model
Chapter 5. Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor all ; Phone:
More informationNotes: Covalent Compounds
Notes: Covalent Compounds There are two ways that elements want to be like the nearest noble gas: 1) Gain or lose electrons to form an ionic compound. 2) Share electrons with other elements to form covalent
More informationMatter and Materials ATOMIC BONDS. Grade Sutherland high school Mrs. Harrison
Matter and Materials ATOMIC BONDS Grade 11 2018 Sutherland high school Mrs. Harrison 1. Chemical Bonds Why would atoms want to bond? Atoms are not generally found alone. They are found as components of
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Concept Recall that an atom has core and valence electrons. Core electrons are found close to the nucleus. Valence electrons are found in the most distant s and
More informationLesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction
Lesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction Chemical bonding is the simultaneous attraction of two positive nuclei to negative electrons. Chemical bonding is said to be the glue that holds particles
More information10/6/2014. The MACROSCOPIC world we are familiar with is governed by interactions at the atomic & molecular scale. Core Electrons & Valence Electrons:
Today: Summary of Quantum Mechanics: Core vs. Valence Electrons Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding: Electron transfer from one element to another Sharing Electrons Lewis Dot Structures: Following Octet Rule Drawing
More informationBonding. Honors Chemistry 412 Chapter 6
Bonding Honors Chemistry 412 Chapter 6 Chemical Bond Mutual attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds them together. Types of Bonds Ionic Bonds Force of attraction
More informationCovalent Bonding. a. O b. Mg c. Ar d. C. a. K b. N c. Cl d. B
Covalent Bonding 1. Obtain the number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms from its group number and draw the correct Electron Dot Notation (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Structures). a. K b. N c. Cl
More informationChapter 9 Bonding - 1. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 9 Bonding - 1 Dr. Sapna Gupta Lewis Dot Symbol Lewis dot symbols is a notation where valence electrons are shown as dots. Draw the electrons symmetrically around the sides (top, bottom, left and
More informationChapter 7. Ionic & Covalent Bonds
Chapter 7 Ionic & Covalent Bonds Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds 7.1 EN difference and bond character >1.7 = ionic 0.4 1.7 = polar covalent 1.7 Electrons not shared at
More informationUnit 5: Covalent Bonding and Acids
Unit 5: Covalent Bonding and Acids Bonds are Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Two types: 1) Ionic bonds transfer of electrons (gained or lost; makes formula unit)
More informationCh 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules
Fructose Water Ch 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Title and Highlight TN Ch 10.1 Topic: EQ: Right Side NOTES
More information1). Ionic bond electron from Na is transferred to Cl. Na is a metal and Cl is a nonmetal
Chemical Bonds 1). Ionic bond electron from Na is transferred to Cl. Na is a metal and Cl is a nonmetal Salt versus Molecules A metal cation and nonmetal anion are joined together by an ionic bond called
More informationUnit 5: Bonding Covalent & Intermolecular
Name Unit 5: Bonding Covalent & Intermolecular Date Part 2 Questions 1. Ozone, O3 (g), is produced from oxygen, O2 (g) by electrical discharge during thunderstorms. The unbalanced equation below represents
More informationThe attractions that hold together the atoms in water and carbon dioxide can not be explained by ionic bonding. Ionic bonding =
In unit six, we discussed ionic compounds, which are generally crystalline solids with high melting points. Other compounds, however, have very different properties. Water is a liquid at room temperature.
More informationChapter 6. The Chemical Bond
Chapter 6 The Chemical Bond Some questions Why do noble gases rarely bond to other elements? How does this relate to why the atoms of other elements do form bonds? Why do certain elements combine to form
More informationUnit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Unit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding 6.1 Objectives Define chemical bond. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. Describe ionic and covalent bonding. Explain why most chemical
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS
CHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS IONIC BONDING When an atom of a nonmetal takes one or more electrons from an atom of a metal so both atoms end up with eight valence
More informationChapter 8 H H H H. Molecular Compounds & Covalent Bonding. Why do covalent bonds form? 8.1 Molecular Compounds. Properties of Molecular Compounds
Chapter 8 Molecular Compounds & Covalent Bonding Why do covalent bonds form? If only group 5A, 6A, 7A atoms existed, ionic bonds can t form. NNMETALS Each atom needs electrons so they are not willing to
More informationChemistry Objective. Warm-Up What do the following atoms have to do to become stable? a. barium b. nitrogen c. fluorine
Chemistry Objective Students will: 1. describe how a covalent bond is formed. 2. describe properties of a covalently bonded substance. 3. describe the difference between a polar covalent and nonpolar covalent
More informationChemical Bonding and Molecular Models
25 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Models A chemical bond is a force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit. Bonding involves only the valence (outer shell) electrons
More informationDo Now. 2. Why do atoms bond with each other?
Do Now 1. How many valence electrons are transferred from the nitrogen atom to potassium in the formation of the ionic compound potassium nitride? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 2. Why do atoms bond with each other?
More informationChapter 9 Bonding. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 9 Bonding Dr. Sapna Gupta Lewis Dot Symbol Lewis dot symbols is a notation where valence electrons are shown as dots. Draw the electrons symmetrically around the sides (top, bottom, left and right)
More informationc. Ionic bonding d. Covalent bonding i. nonpolar covalent bonding
Chapter 11: Chemical Bonding I. Introduction to Chemical Bonding a. Types of chemical bonding i. A chemical bond is a mutual attraction between nuclei and the valence electrons of different atoms that
More informationLET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING
COVALENT BONDING LET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. K F K F K F K F K F K F K + F _ The compound potassium
More informationChapter 9. Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model. HIV-Protease. Lecture Presentation
Lecture Presentation Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model HIV-Protease HIV-protease is a protein synthesized by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This particular protein is crucial to the
More informationbond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction
bond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction ionic compound- a metal reacts with a nonmetal Ionic bonds form when an atom that
More informationChapter 12 CHEMICAL BONDING
Chapter 12 CHEMICAL BONDING Sharing electrons is fun! H F Do you smell what the Rock is cooking? I. Types of Chemical Bonds A. Formation of Covalent Bonds B. Lewis Symbols and Covalent Bonding C. Other
More informationIonic Versus Covalent Bonding
Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another The transfer of electrons forms ions Each ion is isoelectronic with a noble gas Electrostatic
More informationUnit 4:Chemical Bonding Practice Packet
Name: KEY Unit 4:Chemical Bonding Practice Packet 1. I can state the three types of chemical bonds. 2. I can state the number of valence electrons that an atom attains to be most stable. 3. I can state
More informationFor a quick and enjoyable introduction to Covalent vs Ionic Bonding watch this video:
Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonding is the result of sharing of electron pairs between 2 nonmetal atoms Caution: sharing can be complicated Recall the Octet Rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose or share valence
More informationWorksheet 5 - Chemical Bonding
Worksheet 5 - Chemical Bonding The concept of electron configurations allowed chemists to explain why chemical molecules are formed from the elements. In 1916 the American chemist Gilbert Lewis proposed
More informationChemical Bonding. 8.1 Types of Bonds. 8.1 Types of Bonds. : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound
: Chemical Bonding 8-1 8.1 Types of Bonds : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound Two types of chemical bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds 8-2 8.1 Types of Bonds 8-3 1 8.1 Types of
More informationLife Science 1a Review Notes: Basic Topics in Chemistry
Life Science 1a Review Notes: Basic Topics in Chemistry Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table The history of the discovery of the atom will be left for you to read in the textbook. What are atoms? What
More informationFocus Learning Targets for Periodic Trends and Bonding (1) Discuss the development of the periodic table by Mendeleev. (2) Locate and state important
Focus Learning Targets for Periodic Trends and Bonding (1) Discuss the development of the periodic table by Mendeleev. (2) Locate and state important properties of main chemical families including the
More informationChapter 8. Bonding: General Concepts
Chapter 8 Bonding: General Concepts Chapter 8 Questions to Consider What is meant by the term chemical bond? Why do atoms bond with each other to form compounds? How do atoms bond with each other to form
More informationCHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL BONDING NUR FATHIN SUHANA BT AYOB SMK SULTAN ISMAIL, JB
CHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL BONDING NUR FATHIN SUHANA BT AYOB SMK SULTAN ISMAIL, JB LEARNING OUTCOMES (ionic bonding) 1. Describe ionic (electrovalent) bonding such as NaCl and MgCl 2 LEARNING OUTCOMES (metallic
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between
More information9. Apply the rules for naming and writing formulas for binary molecular compounds.
Chemistry: Hood River Valley High School Unit 5 Note Pack and Goals Name: Period: Unit 5 Bonding, Chemical Names, and Formulas Unit Goals- As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. Understand
More informationMolecular Geometry & Polarity
Molecular Geometry & Polarity Learn Shapes you will Because the physical and chemical properties of compounds are tied to their structures, the importance of molecular geometry can not be overstated. Localized
More informationof its physical and chemical properties.
8.4 Molecular Shapes VSEPR Model The shape of a molecule determines many of its physical and chemical properties. Molecular l geometry (shape) can be determined with the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
More information